Deck 18: The Digestive System

Question 1

Absorptive cells of the gastrointestinal tract are located within the mucosa.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The lining of the intestine provides a physical barrier against microorganisms and their toxins.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The gastrointestinal tract generates monomers from polymers by condensation.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Damage to which tunic of the GI tract would directly affect Auerbach's plexus?

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)muscularis
D)serosa

Question 5

Damage to which of the following nerves would reduce GI secretions?

A)glossopharyngeal nerve
B)hypoglossal nerve
C)vagus nerve
D)phrenic nerve

Question 6

What provides intrinsic regulation of the GI tract?

A)hormones
B)autonomic nervous system
C)enteric nervous system
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Parasympathetic antagonists would stimulate gastrointestinal motility.

Question 8

The intrinsic regulation of the GI tract is conferred by the autonomic nervous system.

Question 9

What structures supplies autonomic nerves to the muscularis tunic?

A)Meissner's plexus
B)Auterbach's plexus
C)myenteric plexus
D)Both Auterbach's plexus and myenteric plexus are correct.

Question 10

What substance is necessary for the hydrolysis of complex food molecules?

A)specific enzyme
B)acid
C)water
D)Both a specific enzyme and water are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following motility processes is NOT correctly matched to its description?

A)peristalsis - rhythmic,wave-like contractions
B)mastication - removal of wastes
C)ingestion - taking food into the mouth
D)deglutition - swallowing

Question 12

Which of the following is one of the phases of swallowing?

A)pharyngeal
B)peristalsis
C)reflux
D)segmentation

Question 13

The movement of digested food into the blood or lymph is

A)ingestion.
B)deglutition.
C)absorption.
D)segmentation.

Question 14

Functions of the digestive system include all of the following EXCEPT

A)deglutition.
B)hormone secretion.
C)absorption.
D)hormone degradation.

Question 15

Paracrine regulators are part of the extrinsic regulation of the GI tract.

Question 16

Wavelike muscular contraction of the gastrointestinal tract is called

A)peristalsis.
B)segmentation.
C)deglutition.
D)mastication.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT part of the gastrointestinal tract?

A)pharynx
B)liver
C)small intestine
D)esophagus

Question 18

Exocrine secretions of the digestive system include enzymes and bicarbonate.

Question 19

Place the tunics of the GI tract wall in the correct order from superficial to deep.

A)submucosa,mucosa,serosa,muscularis
B)mucosa,muscularis,submucosa,serosa
C)serosa,submucosa,mucosa,muscularis
D)serosa,muscularis,submucosa,mucosa

Question 20

Which tunic of the GI tract is very vascular and has many nerves and glands?

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)muscularis
D)serosa

Question 21

Pernicious anemia develops if there is a vitamin ________ deficiency.

A)C
B)B6
C)B12
D)D

Question 22

Long folds of the stomach's inner surface are called

A)plicae.
B)rugae.
C)gastric pits.
D)ghrelin.

Question 23

Vitamin B12 is primarily absorbed in the

A)duodenum.
B)jejunum.
C)ileum.
D)cecum.

Question 24

The _________________ of the stomach and intestine secrete histamine and serotonin.

A)G cells
B)parietal cells
C)enterochromaffin-like (ECL)cells
D)chief cells

Question 25

What structure keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing?

A)epiglottis
B)laryngopharynx
C)soft palate
D)tongue

Question 26

Somatostatin is produced in the stomach by

A)goblet cells.
B)parietal cells.
C)G cells.
D)D cells.

Question 27

Pepsin would not be found in the stomach if the __________ cells were destroyed.

A)goblet
B)parietal
C)D cells
D)chief or zymogenic

Question 28

Deglutition is coordinated by the swallowing center in the

A)brain stem.
B)cerebrum.
C)spinal cord.
D)cerebellum.

Question 29

The superior portion of the esophagus contains smooth muscle in its wall.

Question 30

What structure keeps food from exitting from the nose during swallowing?

A)epiglottis
B)nasopharynx
C)soft palate
D)tongue

Question 31

Inhibiting the actions of the parietal cells would stimulate protein digestion.

Question 32

The initial phase of deglutition is a voluntary process.

Question 33

The combination of chewed food and saliva is called

A)chyme.
B)a bolus.
C)pylorus.
D)hiatal.

Question 34

Chewing of food is

A)deglutition.
B)mastication.
C)peristalsis.
D)segmentation.

Question 35

Anemia often results due to a lack of intrinsic factor.

Question 36

The stomach churns food into a pasty material called

A)a bolus.
B)chyme.
C)chyle.
D)saliva.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

A)store food
B)kill bacteria
C)digestion of most foods
D)move chyme into the duodenum

Question 38

Why does the upper third of the esophagus have skeletal muscle in its wall?

A)so you do not choke
B)the first phase of swallowing is voluntary
C)so that peristalsis can occur
D)the first phase of swallowing is involuntary

Question 39

The mucosa of the esophagus is

A)stratified cuboidal epithelium.
B)pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
C)simple columnar epithelium.
D)nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 40

____________ is required for the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12.

A)Vitamin D
B)Calcium
C)Intrinsic factor
D)Vitamin C

Question 41

The brush border is a term used to describe the mucosa of the small intestine.

Question 42

Pepsin would have the greatest activity

A)immediately upon secretion into the stomach.
B)immediately upon entering the duodenum.
C)when the pH of the chyme is greater than 3.
D)when the pH of the chyme is less than 3.

Question 43

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium associated with

A)peptic ulcers.
B)hiatal hernia.
C)acid reflux.
D)pancreatitis.

Question 44

__________ stimulates ECL cells to secrete histamine which stimulates HCl release from parietal cells.

A)Secretin
B)CCK
C)Gastrin
D)Ghrelin

Question 45

Drugs such as Zantac and Tagamet help treat gastritis and ulcers by

A)blocking H2-histamine receptors.
B)blocking H1-histamine receptors.
C)inhibiting proton pumps.
D)killing bacteria.

Question 46

Sympathetic nerve fibers can cause the release of HCl from parietal cells.

Question 47

_________________ is a disorder in which acidic gastric juice travels up the esophagus.

A)Gastroenteritis
B)Gastroesophageal reflux disease
C)Pernicious anemia
D)Gastritis

Question 48

Which of the following may be beneficial in treating gastric ulcers?

A)epinephrine
B)histamine blockers
C)gastric inhibitory peptide
D)carboxypeptidase

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a barrier to acid and pepsin damage in the stomach?

A)adherent layer of mucus
B)bicarbonate
C)gap junctions between epithelial cells
D)rapid turnover of epithelial cells

Question 50

Mutating the gene encoding for the H⁺/K⁺ ATPase would block gastric HCl secretion.

Question 51

Acid chyme is buffered by __________ secreted from the pancreas.

A)mucus
B)bicarbonate
C)ammonia
D)urea

Question 52

Antihistamines would limit the gastric secretion of

A)pepsinogen.
B)gastrin.
C)hydrochloric acid.
D)mucus.

Question 53

Most of the food is digested and absorbed through the wall of the stomach.

Question 54

What commonly ingested substances are absorbed through the stomach wall?

A)water and alcohol
B)antacid and water
C)alcohol and aspirin
D)penicillin and aspirin

Question 55

H⁺/K⁺ ATPase pumps transport H⁺ against its concentration gradient out of the lumen of the stomach while transporting K⁺ in the opposite direction.

Question 56

The first line of defense in the stomach against damaging acid and pepsin is the

A)tight junctions of epithelial cells.
B)rapid rate of epithelial cell replacement.
C)adherent layer of mucus.
D)release of gastrin.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a structure of the small intestine that increases its surface area?

A)rugae
B)villi
C)plicae circularis
D)microvilli

Question 58

Bicarbonate that protects the duodenum from peptic ulcers comes from all of the following EXCEPT:

A)adherent layer of mucus
B)Brunner's cells
C)stomach
D)pancreatic juice

Question 59

Histamine release will cause more acid to be released in the stomach.

Question 60

Histamine secretion by the stomach would be prevented by destruction of the

A)D cells.
B)G cells.
C)chief cells.
D)enterochromaffin-like cells.

Question 61

What allows the intestinal microbiota to live in the large intestine?

A)protection by innate and adaptive immune systems
B)the anaerobic environment
C)availability of nutrients
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 62

The outer surface bulges of the large intestine are called

A)crypts.
B)cecum.
C)haustra.
D)colon.

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT a section of the small intestine?

A)ileum
B)cecum
C)jejunum
D)duodenum

Question 64

What is the function of Paneth cells of the small intestine?

A)produce mucus
B)divide by mitosis to make new mucosa cells
C)produce lysozyme and antimicrobial peptides
D)produce digestive enzymes

Question 65

The appendix is a short,thin out-pouching of the ileum.

Question 66

Protein digestion would decrease if lactase were not present on the brush border.

Question 67

Stress would cause GI motility and secretions to be

A)increased.
B)decreased.
C)unchanged.

Question 68

Slow wave depolarization triggers depolarization of smooth muscle by opening voltage-gated ________ channels.

A)K⁺
B)Na⁺
C)Ca2⁺
D)Ach

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a function of intestinal microbiota?

A)production of B vitamins
B)ferment indigestible contents of the chyme
C)production of vitamin K
D)hydrolyze proteins

Question 70

Normal levels of intestinal microbiota help protect us from pathogenic bacteria.

Question 71

Stem cells present in the intestinal crypts renew the intestinal epithelium every 4 to 5 days.

Question 72

Absorbed lipids are initially transported by the lymphatic system.

Question 73

Diarrhea often results when the osmolarity of the fecal matter in the colon is increased.

Question 74

What is the function of enterokinase secreted by the brush border?

A)activates the protein-digesting enzyme trypsin
B)breaks down dipeptides
C)causes the stomach to produce gastrin
D)causes release of pancreatic digestive enzymes

Question 75

Excess use of antibiotics can kill the normal intestinal microflora,increasing inflammation by pathogenic bacteria.

Question 76

The majority of hydrolysis of disaccharides occurs by the actions of enzymes found

A)in the pancreatic juice.
B)in the brush border of the small intestine.
C)in saliva.
D)in the gastric mucosa.

Question 77

Slow waves of the intestine are conducted through what type of cells?

A)gastric cells
B)microflora cells
C)SXR Cells
D)Cajal cells

Question 78

The mixing movement of the small intestine is called

A)deglutition.
B)segmentation.
C)micturition.
D)peristalsis.

Question 79

The primary function of the large intestine is

A)water and electrolyte reabsorption.
B)mineral absorption.
C)hormone degradation.
D)degrading toxins.

Question 80

The intestinal microbiota have a mutualistic relationship with humans.