Deck 3: Cell Structure and Genetic Control

Question 1

Neutrophils and macrophages move through extracellular matrix by amoeboid movement.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

How are the phospholipids arranged to form the plasma membrane?

A)single layer with hydrophilic heads outward
B)double layer with hydrophobic tails facing inward toward each other
C)double layer with hydrophilic heads facing inward toward each other
D)double layer with phospholipids on the outside and proteins on the inside

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Particulate matter is nonspecifically taken into cells by the process of

A)exocytosis.
B)phagocytosis.
C)pinocytosis.
D)endocytosis.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The body cells that contain plasma membranes with highest cholesterol content are the muscle cells.

Question 5

The plasma membrane is referred to as a mosaic because of the presence of

A)proteins.
B)carbohydrates.
C)phospholipids.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 6

Carbohydrates are primarily associated with the outer surface of the cell membrane.

Question 7

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit in the body.

Question 8

Receptor-mediated endocytosis would allow cells to selectively remove molecules from the extracellular fluid.

Question 9

The process by which cells secrete cellular products into the extracellular environment is

A)phagocytosis.
B)endocytosis.
C)exocytosis.
D)pinocytosis.

Question 10

Phagocytosis is important for

A)body defense against foreign organic matter.
B)promoting inflammation.
C)removal of old and dying cells.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

A)transport
B)energy production
C)structural support
D)receptors

Question 12

Release of neurotransmitters occurs via

A)exocytosis.
B)endocytosis.
C)phagocytosis.
D)pinocytosis.

Question 13

Proteins that are partially embedded on one side of the plasma membrane are

A)integral proteins.
B)transport proteins.
C)peripheral proteins.
D)fluid proteins.

Question 14

Pseudopods can be used for both amoeboid movement and phagocytosis.

Question 15

The flexibility of a cell's membrane is determined by the ratio of _____________ to ___________.

A)protein,carbohydrate
B)cholesterol,protein
C)phospholipids,protein
D)cholesterol,phospholipids

Question 16

Phagocytosis is a bulk transport process in which the plasma membrane extends as pseudopods around a particle of organic matter.

Question 17

Intake of a specific molecule from the extracellular compartment by a cell occurs through

A)phagocytosis.
B)exocytosis.
C)receptor-mediated endocytosis.
D)apoptosis.

Question 18

Large hydrophilic molecules can readily move unaided into and out of cells.

Question 19

The _____________ is the liquid portion of the cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus.

A)cytoskeleton
B)peroxisome
C)cytosol
D)phospholipids

Question 20

Proteins located on the surface of the plasma membrane act as ___________ for hormones.

A)receptors
B)enzymes
C)neurotransmitters
D)pseudopods

Question 21

Primary cilia may serve sensory functions such as vision.

Question 22

Microtubules and microfilaments are the primary components of the

A)cytosol.
B)nucleus.
C)cytoskeleton.
D)plasma membrane.

Question 23

Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a genetic defect which affects the activity of _______ enzymes.

A)mitochondrial
B)lysosomal
C)centrosomal
D)ribosomal

Question 24

The hydrophobic center of the plasma membrane will restrict the movement of water and fat-soluble substances through the membrane.

Question 25

The pH of the cytoplasm is more ___________ than the interior of a primary lysosome.

A)basic
B)acidic
C)neutral

Question 26

Which type of lysosome contains undigested wastes?

A)secondary lysosome
B)residual body
C)primary lysosome
D)tertiary body

Question 27

What process involves the destruction of worn-out organelles by lysosomes?

A)exocytosis
B)pinocytosis
C)autophagy
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 28

The plasma membrane is a static,uniform structure that protects the cells and controls the passageway of materials into and out of the cell.

Question 29

The only flagellated cells in humans are

A)ovA.
B)sperm.
C)goblet cells.
D)tumor cells.

Question 30

Folds of the plasma membrane that increase surface area are called

A)ciliA.
B)microvilli.
C)flagella.
D)vesicles.

Question 31

Chemicals stored in cells are called kinesins.

Question 32

Almost every body cell has a single nonmotile primary cilium with a "9+0" structure.

Question 33

Which of the following locations have ciliated cells?

A)respiratory and digestive systems
B)female reproductive and lymphatic systems
C)respiratory and female reproductive systems
D)digestive and lymphatic systems

Question 34

Primary lysosomes consist of digestive enzymes and the contents of a food vacuole.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT an example of an inclusion?

A)glycogen
B)actin
C)melanin
D)triglycerides

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a molecular motor used to move substances along the cytoskeleton?

A)melanin
B)kinesin
C)myosin
D)dynein

Question 37

Cells with large numbers of microvilli on their apical surface are probably involved in

A)movement of the body.
B)reabsorption of molecules during production of urine.
C)detoxification of chemicals.
D)secretion of neurotransmitters.

Question 38

Pinocytosis is a type of exocytosis.

Question 39

The cytoskeleton of a cell can serve as a railway that can transport organelles and molecules to different intracellular destinations.

Question 40

All body cells have at least one nonmotile primary cilium with a "9+2" structure.

Question 41

Proteins and mRNA exit the nucleus via

A)nuclear pores.
B)endoplasmic reticulum.
C)vesicles.
D)centromeres.

Question 42

The granular (rough)endoplasmic reticulum is characterized by a lack of ribosomes.

Question 43

What enzyme is needed to prevent excessive accumulation of hydrogen peroxide from peroxisome activity?

A)peroxidase
B)catalase
C)oxidate
D)maltase

Question 44

All body cells have a single,centralized nucleus.

Question 45

The organelle involved in the production of energy is the

A)mitochondrion.
B)ribosome.
C)cytoskeleton.
D)centriole.

Question 46

Mitochondria contain their own DNA.

Question 47

The process of recycling cellular proteins that had been released by exocytosis is called

A)mediated transport.
B)active transport.
C)autophagy.
D)retrograde transport.

Question 48

The process of gene expression occurs as

A)genetic transcription and genetic transduction.
B)genetic translation and genetic degradation.
C)genetic transcription and genetic translation.
D)genetic transduction and genetic degradation.

Question 49

Membrane enclosed organelles containing oxidative enzymes that form hydrogen peroxide are

A)lysosomes.
B)centrosomes.
C)peroxisomes.
D)chromosomes.

Question 50

All mitochondria that an individual has came solely from the mother's fertilized egg cell.

Question 51

Individuals using anabolic steroids would have increased amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in their liver cells.

Question 52

Cells which contain large numbers of mitochondria and large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum most likely are

A)bladder cells.
B)bone cells.
C)lung cells.
D)skeletal muscle cells.

Question 53

The main function of the peroxisome is to release energy from food molecules and transform the energy into usable ATP.

Question 54

Cells synthesizing large quantities of proteins would have numerous nucleoli.

Question 55

The organelle that acts as enzymes for protein synthesis is the

A)mitochondrion.
B)ribosome.
C)nucleolus.
D)lysosome.

Question 56

What organelle functions to chemically modify cellular products and package them in vesicles?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)mitochondrion
C)lysosome
D)ribosome

Question 57

Cells actively involved in secreting proteins would contain large numbers or quantities of

A)lysosomes.
B)peroxisomes.
C)rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D)smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 58

The function of the _____________ is to produce ribosomal RNA.

A)chromatin
B)centromere
C)lysosomes
D)nucleoli

Question 59

A cell which is actively involved in the detoxification of chemicals would contain large quantities of

A)ribosomes.
B)mitochondria.
C)peroxisomes.
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 60

The folded inner membrane of a mitochondrion is called

A)rugae.
B)plicae.
C)cristae
D)microvilli

Question 61

The term proteome refers to all of the genes in a particular individual.

Question 62

Pre-mRNA contains noncoding regions called

A)exons.
B)introns.
C)small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs).
D)spliceosomes.

Question 63

How many genes does it appear that humans have?

A)25,000
B)100,000
C)3 million
D)3 billion

Question 64

Small RNA and protein regions are joined together to make functional mRNA by

A)spliceosomes.
B)introns.
C)snRNPs.
D)Both spliceosomes and snRNPs are correct.

Question 65

One possible reason that the proteome is so much larger than the genome is that mRNAs can be spliced in alternative ways thereby increasing the number of products produced from a particular gene.

Question 66

Genetic translation occurs in ribosomes located in the _____________ of the cell.

A)nucleus
B)plasma membrane
C)cytoplasm
D)Golgi apparatus

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT an explanation for how one gene can produce more than one protein?

A)posttranslational methylation and phosphorylation
B)different groups of polypeptides associating to make different proteins
C)various cuts and splices of mRNA
D)different carbohydrates bonded to the protein

Question 68

Genes present in heterochromatin are readily expressed.

Question 69

The proteins found in chromatin are called histones,are positively charged,and form spools.

Question 70

How many proteins does it appear that humans can produce?

A)25,000
B)100,000
C)3 million
D)3 billion

Question 71

Chromatin that is active in genetic transcription is called

A)euchromatin.
B)homochromatic.
C)heterochromatin.
D)embryonic chromatin.

Question 72

What chemical change occurs to histones that will turn on genetic transcription?

A)acetylation
B)acidification
C)phosphorylation
D)differentiation

Question 73

Huntington's disease is characterized by a dominant defective gene on chromosome

A)2.
B)4.
C)19.
D)21.

Question 74

Chromatin is comprised of _____________ and ___________.

A)phospholipids,DNA
B)DNA,protein
C)RNA,protein
D)DNA,RNA

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT true of siRNA?

A)It can silence up to 200 different mRNAs.
B)It is short and double-stranded.
C)It is processed by an enzyme called Dicer.
D)It may be used to genetically suppress genes involved in disease.

Question 76

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and their chromatin is mostly

A)mesenchymal.
B)euchromatin.
C)heterochromatin.
D)histochromatin.

Question 77

Precursor mRNA is larger than the mRNA it forms.

Question 78

The genetic code is found within DNA.

Question 79

RNA strands such as siRNA and miRNA can prevent gene expression in mRNA.

Question 80

microRNA

A)is single-stranded.
B)is complementary to a particular mRNA
C)is partially complementary to many mRNAs.
D)is produced in large numbers by tumor cells.