Deck 2: Chemical Composition of the Body

Question 1

The term "chemical element" refers to the most common isotope of that element.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Neutrons are uncharged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

An element with 5 protons,5 neutrons,and 5 electrons would have an atomic number of 15.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

When an atom loses one or more electrons,it

A)becomes positively charged.
B)becomes negatively charged.
C)is called an anion.
D)has no change in its charge.

Question 5

The __________ is the physical space which an electron occupies in an atom.

A)nucleus
B)orbital
C)energy level
D)Both orbital and energy level are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true of isotopes of a given atom?

A)have the same number of neutrons
B)have the same number of protons
C)have different atomic masses
D)All of these choices are true.

Question 7

_______________ bonds are formed when atoms share electrons unequally.

A)Nonpolar covalent
B)Ionic
C)Polar covalent
D)van der Waals

Question 8

Hydrogen bonds form between the partially charged atoms of two polar molecules,such as the slightly negatively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the slightly positively charged oxygen atom of another.

Question 9

Negatively charged ions will migrate toward the anode in an electrical field.

Question 10

Atoms sharing a pair of electrons form covalent bonds.

Question 11

Which of the following subatomic particles have negligible mass?

A)electrons
B)neutrons
C)protons
D)Both neutrons and protons.

Question 12

When an atom gains one or more electrons,it

A)becomes positively charged.
B)has no change in its charge.
C)is called an anion.
D)is called a cation.

Question 13

Most of the water found in the body is in the

A)blood.
B)intracellular fluid compartment.
C)extracellular fluid compartment.
D)blood and extracellular fluid compartment.

Question 14

Isotopes have the same ___________ number,but a different __________ number.

A)mass,atomic
B)neutron,mass
C)atomic,mass
D)atomic,proton

Question 15

The atomic nucleus does not contain ____________,which are negatively charged subatomic particles.

A)protons
B)electrons
C)neutrons

Question 16

Molecules with polar covalent bonds are hydrophobic.

Question 17

The _______________ electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom.

A)kernel
B)valence
C)atomic
D)anion

Question 18

An element with 11 neutrons,11 protons,and 11 electrons would have an atomic mass of _.

A)11
B)33
C)22
D)cannot be determined

Question 19

Water makes up _____ of the total body weight of an average adult.

A)50-60%
B)55-65%
C)60-70%
D)65-75%

Question 20

An atom with 5 protons,5 neutrons,and 6 electrons would have a net charge of

A)-1.
B)-2.
C)+1.
D)+2.

Question 21

Which of the following would be most easily broken?

A)a hydrogen bond
B)a nonpolar covalent bond
C)an ionic bond
D)a polar covalent bond

Question 22

A blood pH of 7.6 is

A)indicative of acidosis.
B)indicative of alkalosis.
C)in the normal physiological range.
D)indicates effective buffering by the bicarbonate/carbonic acid system.

Question 23

Hydration spheres can be formed by compounds which contain _______________ bonds.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)ionic
D)either polar covalent or ionic

Question 24

The type of bond found in sodium chloride is

A)an ionic bond.
B)a polar covalent bond.
C)a hydrogen bond.
D)a nonpolar covalent bonD.

Question 25

What type of bond is formed between potassium and iodine?

A)polar covalent bond
B)ionic bond
C)nonpolar covalent bond
D)hydrogen bond

Question 26

As the pH of the blood decreases,the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood would decrease.

Question 27

The primary buffer in the blood is the _______________ buffer.

A)hydronium
B)ammonia
C)phosphate
D)bicarbonate

Question 28

The ability of water to be pulled as a column through narrow channels is called

A)osmalality.
B)surface tension.
C)neutrality.
D)capillary action.

Question 29

Hydrophobic molecules would contain _______________ bonds.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)hydrogen
D)ionic

Question 30

In an acidic solution,

A)the OH^- ion concentration is greater than the H⁺ ion concentration.
B)the OH^- ion concentration is less than the H⁺ ion concentration.
C)the H⁺ ion concentration is equal to the OH^- ion concentration.
D)the H⁺ ion concentration is less than the OH^- ion concentration only if the solution is buffereD.

Question 31

Surface tension between water molecules occurs because adjacent water molecules form _______ bonds with each other.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)hydrogen
D)ionic

Question 32

A solution of a pH above 7 is called ____________.

A)acidic
B)neutral
C)basic

Question 33

Bases will _______________ protons in a solution.

A)accept
B)donate
C)ignore
D)repel

Question 34

Ammonia usually

A)acts as a base.
B)acts as an acid.
C)acts as a buffer.
D)ionizes to form a hydroxyl ion.

Question 35

The pH of a solution increases as the _______________ ion concentration decreases.

A)hydrogen
B)hydroxide
C)bicarbonate
D)sodium

Question 36

Water molecules form _______________ ions when they associate with a hydrogen ion.

A)hydroxide
B)bicarbonate
C)hydronium
D)water

Question 37

The pH of a solution is directly proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.

Question 38

Bonds that are formed between oxygen and hydrogen atoms within water molecules are called

A)hydrogen bonds.
B)ionic bonds.
C)nonpolar covalent bonds.
D)polar covalent bonds.

Question 39

Regarding acids and bases,

A)acids will increase the pH of a solution.
B)bases will decrease the pH of a solution.
C)acids will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.
D)bases will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.

Question 40

Acids release hydrogen ions into solutions.

Question 41

Covalent bonds are formed between monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis.

Question 42

An example of an aromatic substance is

A)hexane.
B)cyclohexane.
C)fructose.
D)benzene.

Question 43

Fats and carbohydrates are the primary energy stores in the body.

Question 44

Only L-stereoisomers are absorbed by the digestive tract and used to synthesize organic molecules.

Question 45

Glycogen

A)is more highly branched than plant starch.
B)is a glycoprotein found in the liver.
C)is a glycolipid found in skeletal muscles.
D)is composed of alternating glucose and galactose molecules.

Question 46

Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are

A)ionic.
B)inorganic.
C)organiC.
D)carbonic.

Question 47

The addition of water with the proper enzymes to a molecule is called

A)dehydration synthesis.
B)condensation.
C)hydrolysis.
D)combustion.

Question 48

An ionized organic acid is designated with the suffix - ate.

Question 49

Which reaction represents a dehydration synthesis reaction?               A
glucose $+$ glucose $< = = >$ maltose $+$ water
                    B

A)Reaction A
B)Reaction B

Question 50

How many single bonds can a carbon atom form if it is double-bonded to an oxygen atom?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 51

A six-sided organic molecule with alternating double bonds is termed a(n)

A)aromatic compound.
B)ketone.
C)alcohol.
D)organic aciD.

Question 52

Organic acids will contain

A)a carboxyl group.
B)a carbonyl group.
C)an amino group.
D)a hydroxyl group.

Question 53

Sucrose is a disaccharide that is composed of _______________ and ____________.

A)glucose,glucose
B)glucose,galactose
C)glucose,fructose
D)fructose,galactose

Question 54

Organic acids contain carbonyl groups.

Question 55

The ionized form of the organic lactic acid is lactate.

Question 56

Fructose is a ketone.

Question 57

_________ are molecules with the same ratio of atoms but different arrangements of atoms.

A)Isotopes
B)Structural isomers
C)Stereoisomers
D)Radioactive isotopes

Question 58

Glucose,galactose,and fructose can be considered structural isomers of each other.

Question 59

Ketones contain a(n)_______________ group within the carbon chain.

A)hydroxyl
B)carbonyl
C)carboxyl
D)aromatic

Question 60

Carbohydrate molecules have a ratio of twice as many oxygen atoms to carbon atoms.

Question 61

_____________ are fatty acids with a cyclic hydrocarbon group.

A)Triglycerides
B)Prostaglandins
C)Proteins
D)Carbohydrates

Question 62

Unsaturated fatty acids contain more hydrogen atoms than saturated fatty acids of the same length.

Question 63

Glucose is stored as a polysaccharide to prevent osmosis of water into the cells.

Question 64

Which of the following describes a trans-fat?

A)Has carbon-carbon single bonds.
B)Has carbon-carbon double bonds with hydrogens on opposite sides of the bonds.
C)Has carbon-carbon double bonds with hydrogens on the same side of the bonds.
D)The fatty acids form a bent chain.

Question 65

This group of organic compounds acts as surfactants:

A)carbohydrates
B)phospholipids
C)nucleic acids
D)prostaglandins

Question 66

Corticosteroids are a type of lipid commonly found in cell membranes.

Question 67

Lipids containing glycerol would include _______________ and ____________.

A)triglycerides,steroids
B)prostaglandins,phospholipids
C)triglycerides,phospholipids
D)steroids,prostaglandins

Question 68

In order to maintain proper health,total dietary fat intake should not exceed _______________ of total dietary energy intake.

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 69

Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by animals themselves?

A)glycogen
B)cellulose
C)starch
D)All of these can be digested by animals themselves.

Question 70

Unsaturated fatty acids

A)contain one or more double bonds.
B)are usually liquid at room temperature.
C)contain a maximal number of hydrogen atoms.
D)Both contain one or more double bonds and are usually liquid at room temperature are correct.

Question 71

________________ are liver synthesized derivatives of free fatty acids that can be used as an immediate source of energy by many organs.

A)Glycerols
B)Ketone bodies
C)Steroids
D)Cholesterols

Question 72

Ketosis

A)occurs when stored fats are rapidly degraded by the body.
B)stimulates an increased blood pH.
C)may lead to alkalosis.
D)occurs as the concentration of ketones in the urine decreases.

Question 73

An example of a monosaccharide is

A)maltose.
B)sucrose.
C)glucose.
D)glycogen.

Question 74

Steroids are derived from cholesterol.

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

A)prostaglandins
B)triglycerides
C)cholesterol
D)glycogen

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT true of steroids?

A)They have three 6-carbon rings joined to one 5-carbon ring.
B)They contain a variety of functional groups.
C)They are derived from palmitate.
D)They differ in the position of the double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms in the rings.

Question 77

In the formation of triglycerides,

A)hydroxyl and carbonyl groups interact.
B)amino and carbonyl groups interact.
C)carboxyl and amino groups interact.
D)carboxyl and hydroxyl groups interact.

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT a disaccharide?

A)fructose
B)sucrose
C)maltose
D)lactose

Question 79

Phospholipids

A)are glycolipids originally isolated from the prostate gland.
B)are major components of the cell membrane.
C)have a polar head and a nonpolar tail.
D)Both are major components of the cell membrane and have a polar head and a nonpolar tail are correct.

Question 80

Rapid,uncontrolled hydrolysis of body fats can result in ketoacidosis.