Deck 9: The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Autonomic motor neurons leaving the spinal cord synapse once prior to synapsing with the target organ.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Postganglionic sympathetic neurons arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Autonomic motor nerves do NOT innervate

A)smooth muscle.
B)skeletal muscle.
C)cardiac muscle.
D)glands.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The are no sensory neurons associated with the autonomic nervous system.

Question 5

Where do autonomic postganglionic neurons originate?

A)hindbrain
B)gray matter of spinal cord
C)peripheral ganglia
D)All apply.

Question 6

Damage to the autonomic motor nerves would probably result in

A)no change in muscle tone.
B)muscle atrophy.
C)flaccid paralysis.
D)increased skeletal muscle contraction.

Question 7

____________ fibers have relatively slower nerve conduction because they are thin and unmyelinated.

A)Preganglionic autonomic sympathetic
B)Postganglionic autonomic sympathetic
C)Preganglionic somatic
D)Postganglionic somatic

Question 8

Damage to an autonomic nerve makes the effector more sensitive to stimulation.

Question 9

Neurotransmitter release in the autonomic nervous system is always inhibitory.

Question 10

The autonomic nervous system

A)innervates skeletal muscle.
B)is not usually under conscious control.
C)is always excitatory.
D)has a single nerve extending from the spinal corD.

Question 11

Important visceral sensory information like blood pressure,plasma pH,and oxygen concentration are carried to the brain through cranial nerves XI and XII.

Question 12

Somatic motor neurons have a direct connection between the CNS and their effector organs while ______________ motor neurons must synapse on with a peripheral neuron before reaching their effectors.

A)skeletal
B)sensory
C)autonomic
D)Both skeletal and autonomic are correct.

Question 13

Organs innervated by autonomic motor neurons are often under voluntary control.

Question 14

Many autonomic visceral effector organs can function without nervous innervation.

Question 15

Where do autonomic preganglionic neurons originate?

A)midbrain
B)hindbrain
C)thoracic and sacral regions of the spinal cord
D)All apply.

Question 16

The paravertebral and collateral ganglia are associated with the _____________ division of the autonomic nervous system.

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)somatic
D)sensory

Question 17

Somatic motor reflexes involve

A)the autonomic nervous system.
B)contraction of smooth muscle.
C)contraction of skeletal muscle.
D)the autonomic ganglia.

Question 18

The ___________________________ are branches made from the myelinated preganglionic sympathetic axons that go from the spinal nerves to sympathetic ganglia chain.

A)dorsal rami
B)ventral rami
C)white rami communicantes
D)gray rami communicantes

Question 19

Damage to the gray rami communicantes would inhibit the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 20

Autonomic motor pathways utilize two neurons while somatic motor pathways utilize one neuron.

Question 21

The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion that secretes epinephrine when stimulated by sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

Question 22

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system has limited range because only a few postganglionic neurons are stimulated.

Question 23

Neural crest cells form

A)the adrenal medullA.
B)postganglionic symapthetic nerves.
C)the hypothalamus.
D)both the adrenal medulla and postganglionic sympathetic nerves.

Question 24

What occurs when one sympathetic preganglionic neuron synapses on several postganglionic neurons?

A)convergence
B)cooperation
C)divergence
D)All apply.

Question 25

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers are relatively long.

Question 26

The vagus nerve would innervate all of the following except

A)the heart.
B)the stomach.
C)the liver.
D)the iris.

Question 27

Damage to the midbrain would probably have a greater effect on the _____________ division of the autonomic nervous system.

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)somatic
D)sensory

Question 28

Damage to the terminal ganglia would have the greatest effect on

A)somatic motor nerves.
B)sympathetic motor nerves.
C)parasympathetic motor nerves.
D)somatic reflex function.

Question 29

The splanchnic nerves synapse in the

A)paravertebral gangliA.
B)collateral ganglia.
C)white rami communicantes.
D)gray rami communicantes.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a collateral ganglion?

A)superior mesenteric
B)hepatic
C)celiac
D)inferior mesenteric

Question 31

Mass activation is a property of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 32

From where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons originate?

A)brainstem
B)thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord
C)sacral region of the spinal cord
D)brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord

Question 33

Four of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves give rise to parasympathetic preganglionic nerves.

Question 34

The sympathetic chain ganglia are found laterally on both sides of the spinal cord.

Question 35

_____________ ganglia are associated with the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

A)Paravertebral
B)Terminal
C)Collateral
D)Basal

Question 36

The vagus nerve gives rise to preganglionic parasympathetic fibers involved in regulating most thoracic and abdominal organs.

Question 37

Cutaneous effectors such as blood vessels,sweat glands,and errector pili muscles are innervated by

A)only parasympathetic nerves.
B)only sympathetic nerves.
C)both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves.
D)both parasympathetic and somatic nerves.

Question 38

Damage to the _____________ nerve would inhibit salivary production.

A)abducens
B)vagus
C)hypoglossal
D)facial

Question 39

Ablation of the celiac ganglia would inhibit sympathetic regulation of the adrenal glands.

Question 40

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

A)has long postganglionic neurons.
B)has a single neuron arising from the spinal cord.
C)has relatively short preganglionic neurons.
D)has terminal ganglia embedded in the visceral effectors.

Question 41

Sympathetic stimulation of an organ ALWAYS opposes the effects of parasympathetic stimulation.

Question 42

Dopamine,norepinephrine,and epinephrine are all molecules of the catecholamine family.

Question 43

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

A)utilizes norepinephrine as a postganglionic neurotransmitter.
B)has a relatively short preganglionic neuron.
C)utilizes acetylcholine as a preganglionic neurotransmitter.
D)includes the adrenal medulla.

Question 44

Pre- and postganglionic sympathetic nerves release norepinephrine.

Question 45

Sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons generally release different neurotransmitters to their smooth muscle effector cells,which is why these neurons often have antagonistic effects.

Question 46

Which autonomic division is dominant in normal body functions such as digestion?

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic

Question 47

Bright light would stimulate regulation of pupil diameter through _____________ nerves.

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)somatic
D)sensory

Question 48

Stimulation of the iris by parasympathetic nerves stimulates pupillary constriction.

Question 49

Which autonomic division is dominant in an emergency situation?

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic

Question 50

Damage to the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord would cause heart rate to be chronically increased compared to normal.

Question 51

Compared to norepinephrine,epinephrine has one less methyl group.

Question 52

Cocaine acts as a sympathomimetic drug because it blocks the reuptake of

A)glucose.
B)insulin.
C)acetylcholine.
D)norepinephrine.

Question 53

Cocaine is a(an)___________________ drug,meaning that it promotes sympathetic nerve effects.

A)cholinergic
B)adrenergic
C)sympathomimetic
D)parasympathomimetic

Question 54

Heart rate is increased in response to sympathetic stimulation.

Question 55

Salivary secretions are decreased and become thicker in response to sympathetic stimulation.

Question 56

Which organ receives only sympathetic innervation?

A)the adrenal medulla
B)arrector pili muscles in the skin
C)most blood vessels
D)All apply.

Question 57

Damage to the paravertebral ganglia would limit the body's ability to respond to stress.

Question 58

The division of the autonomic nervous system originating only from spinal nerves

A)is involved in mediating every day responses.
B)has adrenergic receptors on the postganglionic cell body.
C)releases acetylcholine from the postganglionic neuron.
D)mediates the body's response to stress.

Question 59

Parasympathetic stimulation increases the rate of passage of material in the small intestine.

Question 60

The parasympathetic response to stimulation results in mass activation.

Question 61

Fibers that secrete acetylcholine are called cholinergic fibers.

Question 62

The _____________ has both a₁ and b₁ receptors and responds to sympathoadrenal stimulation with glycogenolysis and secretion of glucose.

A)liver
B)pancreas
C)adrenal cortex
D)None apply.

Question 63

Intracellular Ca²⁺ is elevated if norepinephrine binds to a(n)_____________ receptor.

A)alpha-1 adrenergic
B)alpha-2 adrenergic
C)beta-1 adrenergic
D)beta-2 adrenergic

Question 64

Alpha₂-adrenergic receptors on presynaptic axon terminals,when stimulated,cause

A)increased release of norepinephrine.
B)decreased release of epinephrine.
C)increased release of epinephrine.
D)decreased release of norepinephrine.

Question 65

Blocking $\beta$ ₂-adrenergic receptors prevents airway

A)constriction.
B)dilation.

Question 66

The second messenger mediating the effects of norepinephrine on the heart would be

A)increased intracellular Ca²⁺.
B)decreased Ca²⁺.
C)increased cyclic AMP.
D)decreased intracellular cyclic AMP.

Question 67

Epinephrine is a

A)sympathetic neurotransmitter.
B)parasympathetic neurotransmitter.
C)sympathomimetic hormone.
D)All apply.

Question 68

The swellings on postganglionic axons that contain neurotransmitter are called

A)synaptic bulbs.
B)axon terminals.
C)varicosities.
D)neuromuscular junctions.

Question 69

Alpha-1-adrenergic receptors are mediated by

A)cAMP.
B)Ca²⁺.
C)K⁺.
D)Na⁺.

Question 70

Phenylephrine functions as a _______ because it promotes vasodilation in nasal mucosa.

A)a₁ agonist.
B)a₁ antagonist.
C)b₁ agonist.
D)b₁ antagonist.

Question 71

Postganglionic ____________ nerves release acetylcholine.

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)somatic
D)sensory

Question 72

Adrenergic receptors are found on the surface of postganglionic sympathetic neurons.

Question 73

"Synapses en passant" refers to the fact that postganglionic autonomic neurons release neurotransmitter

A)from the axon terminal.
B)only when receptors pass over the axon.
C)along the length of the axon.
D)from the soma.

Question 74

_____________ is released by most postganglionic sympathetic nerves.

A)Acetylcholine
B)Epinephrine
C)Norepinephrine
D)Dopamine

Question 75

Fibers that secrete norepinephrine are called adrenergic fibers.

Question 76

Which of the following is a catecholamine?

A)norepinephrine
B)acetylcholine
C)nitric oxide
D)All apply.

Question 77

The neurotransmitter released at terminal ganglia is

A)acetylcholine.
B)dopamine.
C)epinephrine.
D)norepinephrine.

Question 78

All adrenergic receptors act via

A)ligand-gated channels.
B)sodium-potassium pump.
C)H-proteins.
D)G-proteins.

Question 79

___________ selectively stimulates a₂ receptors in brain neurons thereby suppressing sympathoadrenal activation and lowering blood pressure.

A)Clonidine
B)Atropine
C)Acetylcholine
D)Bradykinin

Question 80

Beta-adrenergic receptors stimulate the production of cAMP.