Deck 8: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

Cerebrospinal fluid is found

A)within the central canal.
B)within the ventricles.
C)within the olfactory bulbs.
D)both within the central canal and within the ventricles.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The cerebellum forms from the

A)telencephalon.
B)metencephalon.
C)myelencephalon.
D)diencephalon.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Neural stem cells in adult mammalian brains are found in the

A)cerebral cortex.
B)subventricular zone.
C)midbrain.
D)subgranular zone.
E)both the subventricular and subgranular zones.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

_________% of total blood flow to the body per minute goes to the brain.

A)15
B)20
C)25
D)30

Question 5

Which area of the brain contains neural stem cells that are apparently important in learning and memory?

A)arcuate fasciculus
B)subgranular zone of the hippocampus
C)temporal lobe
D)cerebral cortex

Question 6

__________ innervate muscles and glands.

A)Sensory neurons
B)Ganglia
C)Motor neurons
D)Association neurons

Question 7

Gray matter is found only in the cerebral cortex.

Question 8

In the cerebrum,the _________ matter is generally superficial and the _______ matter is deep.

A)white,gray
B)gray,white

Question 9

The midbrain forms from the

A)telencephalon.
B)mesencephalon.
C)myelencephalon.
D)diencephalon.

Question 10

Communication between the cerebrum and cerebellum is facilitated by the corpus callosum.

Question 11

The function of ____________ neurons is to link sensory stimuli with the appropriate motor responses.

A)bipolar
B)association
C)motor
D)pseudounipolar

Question 12

Damage to the white matter of the brain would prevent transmission of information between nuclei.

Question 13

Neural crest cells differentiate into

A)the telencephalon.
B)the red nucleus.
C)the basal nuclei.
D)peripheral nervous system ganglia.

Question 14

Destruction of the embryonic ____________ will prevent formation of the nervous system.

A)ectoderm
B)mesoderm
C)endoderm
D)mesoglia

Question 15

Neural stem cells from the subventricular zone are important in the renewal of _______ neurons.

A)visual
B)gustatory
C)olfactory
D)auditory

Question 16

The forebrain develops into the telencephalon and the diencephalon.

Question 17

The brain ventricles are remnants of the hollow neural tube.

Question 18

The neural tube and neural crest cells are of endodermal origin.

Question 19

Neurogenesis is the formation of new ______________ from neural stem cells.

A)ependymal cells
B)astrocytes
C)neurons
D)All apply.

Question 20

The cerebral cortex is made up of both gray and white matter.

Question 21

Visual inputs are interpreted on the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.

Question 22

__________________ is a technique for visualizing brain region activity indirectly by detecting increases in blood oxygen levels.

A)Computed tomography
B)Electroencephalogram
C)Functional magnetic resonance imaging
D)Positron emission tomography

Question 23

Which type of EEG pattern in an awake adult is indicative of brain damage?

A)alpha waves
B)beta waves
C)theta waves
D)delta waves

Question 24

The ____________ is a cerebral lobe that is involved in memory and integration of sensory information (mostly pain)with visceral responses.

A)temporal
B)frontal
C)parietal
D)insula

Question 25

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)uses ______________ as its basis for producing images.

A)x-rays
B)gamma rays
C)spinning protons
D)electrical currents

Question 26

A raised area on the cerebral cortex is a

A)sulcus.
B)fissure.
C)gyrus.
D)mirror neuron.

Question 27

What condition may be partly caused by impairment of mirror neuron function?

A)Alzheimer's disease
B)autism spectrum disorder
C)Parkinson's disease
D)epilepsy

Question 28

Which of the following is the correct list of the lobes of the cerebrum?

A)insula,temporal,parietal,pons,occipital
B)temporal,frontal,insula,cerebellum,occipital
C)frontal,parietal,temporal,insula,occipital
D)cerebrum,midbrain,thalamus,pons,medulla oblongata

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true of the cerebral cortex?

A)Sensations from the feet would be on the most inferior area of the somatesthetic cortex.
B)Areas of the body with the greatest density of receptors will have larger areas on the somatesthetic cortex.
C)The hands have a very small area on the motor cortex.
D)The left side of the motor cortex controls muscles on the left side of the body.

Question 30

The largest body regions have the largest areas of the cerebral cortex.

Question 31

What structure separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A)corpus callosum
B)central sulcus
C)lateral sulcus
D)longitudinal fissure

Question 32

What type of neurons aid in imitating,understanding intentions and behaviors of others,and having empathy with the emotions of others?

A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)association neurons
D)mirror neurons

Question 33

Brain metabolism may be best studied by

A)electroencephalography.
B)computed tomography.
C)magnetic resonance imaging.
D)positron-emission tomography.

Question 34

Mirror neurons are found in the frontal lobe,parietal lobe,and Broca's motor speech area;and are connected to the limbic system through the insula.

Question 35

A record of the electrical currents of the cerebral cortex is a/an

A)computed tomograph.
B)electroencephalogram.
C)magnetic resonance image.
D)positron-emission tomograph.

Question 36

Which imaging technique uses magnetic fields produced by postsynaptic electric currents to produce an image?

A)EEG
B)fMRI
C)MEG
D)PET

Question 37

Delta waves in an awake infant indicate brain damage.

Question 38

Damage to the parietal lobe of the cerebrum would impair somatesthetic interpretation.

Question 39

What type of neurons are found in the precentral gyrus?

A)sensory neurons
B)lower motor neurons
C)upper motor neurons
D)middle motor neurons

Question 40

Damage to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum would limit

A)voluntary skeletal muscle contraction.
B)integration of cerebral activities.
C)hearing.
D)vision.

Question 41

A person with damage to the left cerebral hemisphere could have several speech problems,but yet have no problems with singing.

Question 42

Destruction of Wernicke's area destroys language comprehension.

Question 43

Individuals with aphasia

A)often have damage to spinal nerves.
B)may not be able to write if the angular gyrus is damaged.
C)often speak slowly if Wernicke's area is damaged.
D)often form nonsensical sentences if Broca's area is damageD.

Question 44

Impaired motor coordination in Parkinson's disease is often due to

A)degeneration of the red nucleus.
B)degeneration of the substantia nigra.
C)lack of regulation of the cerebral peduncles.
D)degeneration of the mesolimbic system.

Question 45

A "word salad" speech pattern occurs when

A)Wernicke's area is damaged.
B)Broca's area is damaged.
C)the angular gyrus is damaged.
D)spinal nerves are damageD.

Question 46

Chorea is most likely to result from

A)damage to the caudate nucleus.
B)damage to the spinal ganglia.
C)damage to the occipital lobe.
D)damage to the hypothalamus.

Question 47

Writing skills would be impaired if the ___________ cerebral hemisphere atrophied.

A)right
B)left
C)both

Question 48

The basal nuclei contain

A)the corpus striatum.
B)the supraoptic nucleus.
C)reticular formation.
D)All apply.

Question 49

Which of the following is used to map neuronal activity with scalp electrodes?

A)MEG
B)PET
C)EEG
D)MRI

Question 50

Aphasias are most often associated with damage to ___________ and ___________ areas.

A)Wernicke's and the angular gyrus
B)fornix and Broca's
C)Broca's and Wernicke's
D)the angular gyrus and septal nuclei

Question 51

Which type of sleep pattern may aid the consolidation of spatial and declarative memories?

A)REM
B)nonREM

Question 52

An electroencephalogram obtained from an adult who is thinking would probably display

A)many alpha waves.
B)many beta waves.
C)many delta waves.
D)many theta waves.

Question 53

Impaired voluntary movements would suggest damage to the basal nuclei.

Question 54

Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT associated with basal nuclei function?

A)dopamine
B)GABA
C)acetylcholine
D)glutamate

Question 55

Cerebral lateralization,in which the _____ cerebral hemisphere is specialized for language and analytical ability and the right for visuospatial ability,is true for 97% of all people.

A)right
B)left

Question 56

Recognition of your best friend's face is a function of the _______ cerebral hemisphere.

A)right
B)left
C)both

Question 57

What is the purpose of the motor circuit?

A)allows intended movements to occur and inhibits unwanted movements
B)permits REM sleep
C)activates the RAS
D)inhibits language comprehension

Question 58

During ______________ sleep,dreams that can be recalled are most likely to occur.

A)REM
B)deep
C)nonREM
D)dozing

Question 59

Damage to the right motor cortex will generally mean motor problems on the right side of the body.

Question 60

Heart and respiratory rates increase during REM sleep as if the person were awake.

Question 61

Which area of the brain has shown to be involved in complex problem-solving?

A)hippocampus
B)prefrontal cortex
C)amygdala
D)medial temporal lobe

Question 62

Ablation of the amygdala and limbic system would primarily result in

A)loss of voluntary muscle contraction.
B)attenuation of aggressive behaviors.
C)loss of ability to detect olfactory inputs.
D)no noticeable effects.

Question 63

Damage to the Papez circuit prevents communication between

A)the limbic system and olfactory bulbs.
B)the limbic system and hippocampus.
C)the limbic system and the diencephalon.
D)the limbic system and the cerebrum.

Question 64

The limbic system is considered the emotional brain.

Question 65

What type of memory is involved in learning all this material about memory?

A)semantic
B)implicit
C)episodic
D)procedural

Question 66

MRI images of living amnesiac patients show a shrunken

A)hypothalamus.
B)epithalamus.
C)hippocampus.
D)pineal glanD.

Question 67

The conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory is called

A)memory ablation.
B)memory consolidation.
C)memory recognition.
D)memory translation.

Question 68

The conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory would be inhibited by

A)ablation of the pons.
B)ablation of the cerebral nuclei.
C)ablation of the hippocampus.
D)ablation of the occipital lobe.

Question 69

Long-term memory is most often associated with the hypothalamus.

Question 70

Having the APO_E4 gene increases the likelihood of developing

A)Huntingdon's disease.
B)Alzheimer's disease.
C)Parkinson's disease.
D)amnesia.

Question 71

The ___________ lobe is involved in converting short-term memory to long-term memory.

A)inferior temporal
B)inferior lateral
C)prefrontal
D)medial temporal

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT part of the limbic system?

A)cingulate gyrus
B)angular gyrus
C)amygdala
D)hippocampus

Question 73

_________________ is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a particular damaging amyloid $\beta$ -peptide that is implicated in inherited forms of early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

A) $\gamma$ -secretase
B) $\alpha$ -secretase
C) $\beta$ -secretase
D) $\delta$ -secretase

Question 74

Ablation of the limbic system may result in an absence of fear.

Question 75

The hypothalamus and the limbic system are involved in

A)aggression.
B)fear.
C)sex.
D)goal-directed behavior.
E)All apply.

Question 76

Knowing how to tie your shoes is an example of _____ memory.

A)episodic
B)semantic
C)procedural
D)working

Question 77

The famous patient "H.M." could not remember events that occurred after his memory was damaged after he had brain surgery to treat his epilepsy.He retained his perceptual and motor skills,but lost his memory of new facts and events.Thus,H.M.'s deficit was in

A)nondeclarative or implicit memory
B)declarative or implicit memory
C)declarative or explicit memory
D)nondeclarative or explicit memory

Question 78

There are many synaptic connections between limbic system structures and the cerebral cortex.

Question 79

What structure connects Wernicke's area to Broca's area?

A)corpus striatum
B)angular gyrus
C)arcuate fasciculus
D)corpus callosum

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?

A)an accumulation of intracellular proteins that form neurofibrillar tangles
B)loss of neurons in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex
C)an accumulation of extracellular proteins that form senile plaques
D)most cases are inherited