Deck 16: Respiratory Physiology

Question 1

Inhalation and accumulation of particles less than 6 mm in size can cause

A)asthmA.
B)emphysema.
C)cystic fibrosis.
D)pulmonary fibrosis.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The conducting zone contains all of the following EXCEPT

A)the primary bronchi.
B)the larynx.
C)the terminal bronchioles.
D)the respiratory bronchioles.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The pharynx is a common passageway for the respiratory and digestive systems.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

During inspiration,

A)alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure.
B)transpulmonary pressure increases.
C)the diaphragm relaxes.
D)intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure.

Question 5

Pleural membranes envelop organs within the thoracic cavity.

Question 6

Intrapleural pressure __________ during expiration.

A)increases
B)decreases
C)remains unchanged

Question 7

Ventilation involves both internal and external components.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone?

A)gas exchange
B)filtering and cleaning the air
C)warming and humidifying the air
D)All of the choices are functions.

Question 9

Type I alveolar cells secrete pulmonary surfactant.

Question 10

The __________ separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

A)lungs
B)liver
C)rib cage
D)diaphragm

Question 11

Black lung causes pulmonary fibrosis due to the inhalation of large amounts of carbon dust.

Question 12

The parietal pleura covers the surface of the lungs.

Question 13

The "Adam's apple" is formed by the largest cartilage of the larynx.

Question 14

Internal respiration occurs most frequently in the respiratory zone.

Question 15

Intrapulmonary pressure increases as the diaphragm contracts.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a component of respiration?

A)gas exchange
B)oxygen utilization
C)speech
D)ventilation

Question 17

A tracheotomy is the insertion of a tube into the trachea.

Question 18

An individual with a pneumothorax would have air in the pleural space.

Question 19

Diffusion rate across the respiratory membrane is rapid because

A)there are about 750 square feet of alveoli membrane.
B)alveoli are one cell thick.
C)the air-blood barrier is two cells thick.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT part of the conducting zone?

A)primary bronchi
B)trachea
C)alveoli
D)nose

Question 21

Contraction of the internal intercostal muscles expands the thoracic cavity.

Question 22

A measure of the distensibility of the lungs is

A)compliance.
B)elasticity.
C)surface tension.
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 23

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)is a condition associated with premature babies who lack

A)a-antitrypsin.
B)histamine.
C)type I alveolar cells.
D)surfactant.

Question 24

What phospholipid decreases the surface tension of the alveoli?

A)mucus
B)saliva
C)surfactant
D)lymph

Question 25

Quiet expiration will increase intrapulmonary pressure to about +3 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure.

Question 26

The maximum amount of gas that can be inspired after a normal tidal expiration is the inspiratory capacity.

Question 27

According to who's law,is the pressure in a small alveolus greater than a large alveolus as long as the surface tension is equal?

A)Boyle's law
B)Dalton's law
C)Laplace's law
D)Henry's law

Question 28

Lung compliance increases as the amount of surfactant in the lung increases.

Question 29

Obstructive pulmonary diseases often cause the FEV₁ to be decreased by __________ or more.

A)0%
B)5%
C)10%
D)20%

Question 30

Forced expiratory volume tests are used to differentiate between restrictive and obstructive lung disorders.

Question 31

Quiet expiration is caused by

A)contraction of the external intercostals.
B)contraction of the internal intercostals.
C)lung recoil and increased intrapulmonary pressure.
D)contraction of the scalenes.

Question 32

Which muscle's contraction will stimulate inspiration?

A)diaphragm
B)external intercostals
C)parasternal intercostals
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 33

Fluid secretion by lung cells is due to _______ alveolar cells.

A)active transport of Na⁺ into
B)active transport of Cl^- out of
C)passive transport of HCO₃^- out of
D)active transport of Na⁺ out of

Question 34

Forced (deep)inspiration occurs with the contraction of the

A)erectus abdominis.
B)scalenes.
C)internal intercostals.
D)parasternal intercostals.

Question 35

What law states that the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume?

A)Boyle's Law
B)Charles Law
C)Dalton's Law
D)Henry's Law

Question 36

What condition is marked by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the lungs due to permeability changes triggered by the inflammatory response to systemic infection?

A)emphysema
B)chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C)pneumothorax
D)acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Question 37

Ventilation would be decreased by decreasing the activity of

A)type II alveolar cells.
B)type I alveolar cells.
C)alveolar macrophages.
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 38

The tendency of the lungs to return to their initial size after stretching is

A)compliance.
B)elasticity.
C)surface tension.
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 39

Quiet inspiration will ____ thoracic and lung volume and _____ intrapulmonary pressure.

A)increase,increase
B)increase,decrease
C)decrease,increase
D)decrease,decrease

Question 40

How does surfactant reduce the surface tension of water in the lungs?

A)decomposes water
B)reduces hydrogen bonding between water molecules
C)covers the alveoli
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 41

The volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration is the

A)tidal volume.
B)vital capacity.
C)inspiratory reserve volume.
D)residual volume.

Question 42

Gas X makes up 15% of a gas mix,at 760 mm Hg,the partial pressure of gas X would be

A)11400 mm Hg
B)1140 mm Hg
C)114 mm Hg
D)646 mm Hg

Question 43

The anatomical dead space

A)is increased by emphysemA.
B)has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than atmospheric air.
C)has a lower concentration of oxygen than atmospheric air.
D)is comprised of the respiratory zone.

Question 44

Which of the following may result from emphysema?

A)reduced gas exchange surface area
B)air trapping
C)cor pulmonale
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 45

An atopic allergic asthmatic would have

A)activation of helper T lynphocytes.
B)production of IgE.
C)pulmonary eosinphilia.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 46

Who's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures that each gas in the mixture would exert independently?

A)Boyle's Law
B)Charles Law
C)Dalton's Law
D)Henry's Law

Question 47

Sympathetic agonists could be utilized to treat asthma.

Question 48

The partial pressure of oxygen decreases at high altitude because the amount of oxygen in the air is decreased.

Question 49

Vital capacity is reduced in pulmonary restrictive disorders.

Question 50

The presence of water vapor in the air will reduce the partial pressure of oxygen.

Question 51

Cessation of breathing is known as

A)apneA.
B)dyspnea.
C)eupnea.
D)pneumothorax.

Question 52

Asthmatics will have decreased amounts of histamine,leukotrienes,and cytokines during an attack.

Question 53

Which of the following is true?

A)Blood in the pulmonary veins is low in oxygen.
B)Blood in the pulmonary veins is high in carbon dioxide.
C)The oxygen concentration of inspired air is higher than that of alveolar air.
D)All of the choices are true.

Question 54

The volume of gas inspired or expired in a quiet respiration cycle is the

A)tidal volume.
B)vital capacity.
C)inspiratory reserve volume.
D)residual volume.

Question 55

Pulmonary fibrosis may be caused by

A)smoking.
B)allergic reactions.
C)breathing in coal dust.
D)increased mucus production.

Question 56

Which of the following is an inflammatory cell associated with COPDs but NOT asthma?

A)mast cells
B)helper T cells
C)eosinophils
D)cytotoxic T cells

Question 57

Cor pulmonale may result from a COPD such as emphysema.

Question 58

The total amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration is the

A)vital capacity.
B)total lung capacity.
C)tidal volume.
D)functional residual capacity.

Question 59

What drug that is used as a treatment for asthma,promotes bronchodilation by selectively stimulating beta₂-adrenergic receptors?

A)Singular
B)Albuterol
C)Terbutaline
D)Epinephrine

Question 60

Increasing the partial pressure of a gas increases the amount of that gas which will dissolve in a fluid.

Question 61

Breathing 100% oxygen will NOT

A)significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues.
B)increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells.
C)significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood.
D)both increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells and significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blooD.

Question 62

Blood flow is greatest at the _____ of the lungs and perfusion is greatest at the _____ of the lungs.

A)apex;apex
B)apex;base
C)base;base
D)base;apex

Question 63

Measurements of arterial P_CO2 are used to assess lung function.

Question 64

Pulmonary arterioles _____ and system arterioles _____ when P_O2 is low.

A)dilate,dilate
B)dilate,constrict
C)constrict,dilate
D)constrict,constrict

Question 65

When alveolar ventilation increases,the perfusion of pulmonary arterioles will

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)remain unchanged.

Question 66

Breathing 100% oxygen will

A)significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues.
B)increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells.
C)significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood.
D)not change the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma.

Question 67

The amount of a given gas dissolved in the blood

A)is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas.
B)increases at higher altitudes.
C)is described primarily by Boyle's law.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 68

Normal alveolar P_CO2 is

A)40 mm Hg.
B)46 mm Hg.
C)100 mm Hg.
D)105 mm Hg.

Question 69

Breathing 100% oxygen will increase the total oxygen content of whole blood by 5 times.

Question 70

Who's law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas?

A)Charles law
B)Boyle's law
C)Henry's law
D)Laplace's law

Question 71

The ventilation/perfusion ratio is ________ at the apex of the lungs.

A)highest
B)lowest
C)the same as the base

Question 72

Normal alveolar P_O2 is

A)40 mm Hg.
B)46 mm Hg.
C)100 mm Hg.
D)105 mm Hg.

Question 73

Normal venous P_CO2 is

A)40 mm Hg.
B)46 mm Hg.
C)100 mm Hg.
D)105 mm Hg.

Question 74

An oxygen electrode will measure the amount of free oxygen in the plasma and the amount of oxygen bonded to hemoglobin.

Question 75

The ventilation/perfusion ratio

A)is lowest at the apex of the lungs.
B)increases when blood flow is decreased.
C)decreases when ventilation is increased.
D)increases due to dilation of the pulmonary arterioles.

Question 76

The foramen ovale

A)closes after birth due to decreased pulmonary vascular resistance.
B)normally shunts blood between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
C)normally shunts blood between the right and left ventricles.
D)has no importance in fetal respiratory physiology.

Question 77

What instrument is used to measure the percent oxyhemoglobin saturation of the blood?

A)sphygmomanometer
B)spirometer
C)pulse oximeter
D)stethoscope

Question 78

Pulmonary circulation is a ____ resistance and ____ pressure pathway.

A)low,high
B)low,low
C)high,low
D)high,high

Question 79

Normal arterial P_O2 is

A)40 mm Hg.
B)46 mm Hg.
C)85 mm Hg.
D)100 mm Hg.

Question 80

Normal venous P_O2 is

A)40 mm Hg.
B)46 mm Hg.
C)85 mm Hg.
D)100 mm Hg.