Deck 5: Cell Respiration and Metabolism

Question 1

Anabolic reactions do NOT

A)utilize energy.
B)synthesize molecules within cells.
C)store energy.
D)release energy.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The final electron acceptor in aerobic cell respiration is

A)water.
B)oxygen.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)ATP.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

To go through glycolysis,_________ ATP per glucose molecule must be "invested" in order to activate the glucose molecule.

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a primary catabolic source of energy to produce ATP?

A)fatty acids
B)cholesterol
C)amino acids
D)glucose

Question 5

Anaerobic respiration metabolism regenerates the ______________ required for glycolysis.

A)NAD
B)FAD
C)ATP
D)GTP

Question 6

Metabolism is a term that refers to all of the reactions in the body that involve energy transformations.

Question 7

Glucose 6-phosphate can diffuse out of a cell.

Question 8

Glycolysis is an endergonic reaction.

Question 9

Glycolysis results in a net gain of two ATP formed by direct _____________ of ADP molecules using phosphates taken from glycolytic intermediates.

A)phosphorylation
B)hydrolysis
C)reduction
D)oxidation

Question 10

A net total of ______________ molecules of ATP are produced by glycolysis.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 11

Glycolysis converts glucose into two ______________ molecules.

A)glycogen
B)lactic acid
C)acetyl CoA
D)pyruvic acid

Question 12

How many hydrogens are released in glycolysis?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 13

______________ reactions require energy to synthesize large molecules from small molecules.

A)Combustion
B)Catabolic
C)Anabolic
D)Decomposition

Question 14

Phosphorylation of glucose "traps" the glucose within a cell.

Question 15

________ muscle is better adapted to anaerobic conditions than cardiac muscle.

A)Smooth
B)Skeletal

Question 16

Each pair of hydrogens generated in glycolysis are used to

A)reduce 2 molecules of NAD.
B)oxidize 2 molecules of NAD.
C)reduce 2 molecules of FAD.
D)oxidize 2 molecules of FAD.

Question 17

In glycolysis,glucose is converted to glycogen.

Question 18

Catabolic reactions use energy to synthesize large molecules.

Question 19

Lactic acid is the result of LDH (lactic acid dehydrogenase)mediated __________ of pyruvic acid with electrons taken from NADH + H⁺.

A)oxidation
B)reduction
C)phosphorylation
D)hydrolysis

Question 20

Lactic acid fermentation is also known as aerobic respiration.

Question 21

Coenzyme A is derived from the vitamin riboflavin.

Question 22

Acetyl CoA and NAD are the end-products of the citric acid cycle.

Question 23

Anaerobic respiration metabolism is triggered when the ratio of ______________ falls below a critical level.

A)carbon dioxide supply to oxygen need
B)oxygen supply to glucose need
C)glucose supply to glucose need
D)oxygen supply to oxygen need

Question 24

The TCA cycle occurs in mitochondria.

Question 25

In the complete process of aerobic respiration,the major source of reduced NAD and FAD is glycolysis.

Question 26

Which of the following cells relies solely on anaerobic metabolism of glucose?

A)skeletal muscle cells
B)liver cells
C)kidney cells
D)red blood cells

Question 27

What is the inadequate supply of blood to an organ called?

A)infarction
B)ischemia
C)necrosis
D)cramping

Question 28

One glucose would generate ______________ NADH molecules via the citric acid cycle.

A)two
B)three
C)six
D)eight

Question 29

What percentage of energy released by aerobic respiration of glucose is captured by ATP?

A)25-30%
B)30-34%
C)38-40%
D)42-46%

Question 30

______________ cells normally produce ATP exclusively by anaerobic respiration metabolism.

A)Red blood
B)White blood
C)Skin
D)Nerve

Question 31

During the conversion of one pyruvic acid to acetyl coenzyme A,______________ molecule(s)of carbon dioxide is/are produced.

A)no
B)one
C)two
D)four

Question 32

Aerobic respiration

A)uses glucose.
B)generates water.
C)generates oxygen.
D)Both uses glucose and generates water.

Question 33

Acetyl CoA is

A)generated from oxaloacetate.
B)generated from pyruvic acid.
C)generated from citric acid.
D)generated from water.

Question 34

A deficiency of ______________ would limit production of coenzyme
A)

A)pantothenic acid
B)linoleic acid
C)folic acid
D)thiamine

Question 35

The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of glucose started by glycolysis.

Question 36

In the formation of acetic acid from pyruvic acid,the oxygen in the carbon dioxide comes from oxygen gas.

Question 37

Formation of the maximum number of acetyl CoA molecules from one glucose,produces ______________ molecules of carbon dioxide.

A)no
B)one
C)two
D)four

Question 38

Acetyl coenzyme A enables the products of glycolysis to enter the citric acid cycle.

Question 39

To form lactic acid from pyruvic acid it is necessary to have

A)NAD.
B)FAD.
C)NADH.
D)FADH.

Question 40

______________ normally produce ATP by aerobic respiration.

A)Red blood cells
B)Cardiac muscle cells
C)Skeletal muscle cells
D)Skin cells

Question 41

Energy lost during the process of aerobic cell respiration is given off as

A)carbon dioxide.
B)water.
C)oxygen.
D)metabolic heat.

Question 42

The electron transport chain system is responsible for the production of the majority of cellular ATP.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a proton pump of the electron transport system?

A)NADH-coenzyme Q reductase complex
B)FADH-cytochrome c reductase complex
C)cytochrome c reductase complex
D)cytochrome c oxidase complex

Question 44

The ATP generated in the citric acid cycle

A)is produced directly from the 5th reaction.
B)is produced from the reduction of NAD.
C)comes from GTP.
D)comes from oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 45

What theory explains the ability of the electron transport system to pump protons between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes?

A)tricarboxylic acid theory
B)chemiosmotic theory
C)phosphorylation theory
D)proton pump theory

Question 46

Cyanide is lethal because it blocks the oxidation of oxygen in the electron transport chain system.

Question 47

How many H⁺ do the first two proton pumps of the electron transport system transport?

A)2 each
B)3 each
C)4 each
D)8 each

Question 48

Theoretically,complete catabolism of glucose generates a maximum of 32 ATP.

Question 49

What structures allow H⁺ to diffuse back across the inner mitochondrial membrane to the matrix?

A)cytochromes
B)coenzyme Q
C)respiratory assemblies
D)NADH

Question 50

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain system is ____________.

A)NAD
B)hydrogen
C)oxygen
D)ATP

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a molecule of the electron transport system?

A)coenzyme Q
B)coenzyme A
C)flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
D)cytochrome b

Question 52

Each turn of the citric acid cycle produces

A)2 FADH₂,1 ATP,and 3 NADH.
B)1 FADH₂,1 ATP,and 3 NADH.
C)3 FADH₂,2 ATP,and 1 NADH.
D)1 FADH₂,3 ATP,and 2 NADH.

Question 53

The transport of protons from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix occurs via

A)ATP synthase.
B)transaminase.
C)lactate dehydrogenase.
D)FADH-coenzyme Q reductase complex.

Question 54

On average,each FADH₂ generates 1.5 ATP in oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 55

The electron transport chain system functions to create a proton gradient across the outer mitochondrial membrane.

Question 56

Oxygen is reduced by the action of the electron transport chain.

Question 57

The importance of the citric acid cycle in energy production is the formation of significant amounts of

A)ATP.
B)lactic acid.
C)NADH.
D)carbon dioxide.

Question 58

Each turn of the citric acid cycle directly produces ______________ molecule(s)of ATP.

A)one
B)two
C)four
D)no

Question 59

Which of the following is a superoxide radical?

A)an oxygen molecule with an extra,unpaired electron
B)an oxygen molecule with two paired electrons
C)hydrogen peroxide
D)All apply

Question 60

The total amount of FADH₂ produced by one turn of the citric acid cycle is

A)one molecule.
B)two molecules.
C)15 molecules.
D)30 molecules.

Question 61

Glycolysis would be inhibited by

A)a lack of oxygen.
B)an excess of ATP.
C)an excess of ADP.
D)None apply.

Question 62

The Cori cycle converts ______________ to pyruvic acid.

A)glucose
B)acetyl CoA
C)lactic acid
D)alcohol

Question 63

Which of the following can undergo metabolic conversion to acetyl CoA and enter the citric acid cycle?

A)glucose
B)fatty acids
C)protein
D)All apply.

Question 64

Beta-oxidation produces acetyl CoA molecules from fatty acids.

Question 65

The electron transport system is a series of _________ reactions.

A)composition-decomposition
B)dehydration synthesis-hydrolysis
C)oxidation-reduction
D)reversible

Question 66

ATP formation in the electron transport system is called

A)substrate level phosphorylation.
B)oxidative phosphorylation.
C)direct phosphorylation.
D)Both substrate level phosphorylation and direct phosphorylation are correct.

Question 67

Beta-oxidation of an 18 carbon fatty acid will yield _____ acetyl CoA molecules.

A)9
B)6
C)18
D)None apply.

Question 68

The actual yield of ATP from 1 glucose is

A)18-20 ATP.
B)36-38 ATP.
C)30-32 ATP.
D)26-28 ATP.

Question 69

The presence of elevated ATP in the cell stimulates synthesis of

A)proteins and glycogen.
B)triglycerides and proteins.
C)triglycerides and glycogen.
D)proteins and cholesterol.

Question 70

The hydrolysis of triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol is called

A)lipogenesis.
B)lipolysis.
C)beta-oxidation.
D)deamination.

Question 71

The process of fat formation from acetyl CoA is called

A)lipogenesis.
B)lipolysis.
C)beta-oxidation.
D)deamination.

Question 72

Skeletal muscle contains glucose 6-phosphatase to produce free glucose from glucose 6-phosphate.

Question 73

ATP formation in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is called

A)substrate level phosphorylation.
B)oxidative phosphorylation.
C)direct phosphorylation.
D)Both substrate level phosphorylation and direct phosphorylation are correct.

Question 74

Blood glucose concentrations can be maintained by hydrolysis of glycogen in the

A)liver.
B)skeletal muscle.
C)smooth muscle.
D)kidneys.

Question 75

The majority of energy within the body is stored as triglycerides.

Question 76

It takes four protons to produce 1 ATP that will enter the cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 77

Glucose formed from amino acids comes from the process of glycogenolysis.

Question 78

The amount of energy contained in fat is

A)4 kilocalories per gram.
B)5 kilocalories per gram.
C)9 kilocalories per gram.
D)15 kilocalories per gram.

Question 79

The Cori cycle involves formation of glucose made by gluconeogenesis in the liver from lactic acid produced by fermentation in skeletal muscles.

Question 80

______________ is the opposite of glycogenesis.

A)Glycolysis
B)Glyconeogenesis
C)Glycogenolysis
D)Gluconeogenesis