Deck 2: Chemical Composition of the Body

Question 1

The __________ is the physical space which an electron occupies in an atom.

A)nucleus
B)orbital
C)energy level
D)Both orbital and energy level are correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of isotopes of a given atom?

A)have the same number of neutrons
B)have the same number of protons
C)have different atomic masses
D)All apply.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Carbon atoms form many organic molecules by forming polar covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

An element with 11 neutrons,11 protons,and 11 electrons would have a mass number of

A)11
B)33
C)22
D)cannot be determined

Question 5

Hydrogen bonds form between the partially charged atoms of two polar molecules,such as the slightly positively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the slightly negatively charged oxygen atom of another.

Question 6

Molecules with polar covalent bonds are hydrophobic.

Question 7

An element with 5 protons,5 neutrons,and 5 electrons would have an atomic number of 15.

Question 8

The _______________ electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom.

A)kernel
B)valence
C)atomic
D)anion

Question 9

Neutrons are uncharged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 10

When an atom gains one or more electrons,it

A)becomes positively charged.
B)has no change in its charge.
C)is called an anion.
D)is called a cation.

Question 11

An atom with 5 protons,5 neutrons,and 6 electrons would have a net charge of

A)-1.
B)-2.
C)+1.
D)+2.

Question 12

The term "chemical element" refers to the most common isotope of that element.

Question 13

Negatively charged ions will migrate towards the anode in an electrical field.

Question 14

When an atom loses one or more electrons,it

A)becomes positively charged.
B)becomes negatively charged.
C)is called an anion.
D)has no change in its charge.

Question 15

Most of the water found in the body is in the

A)blood.
B)intracellular fluid compartment.
C)extracellular fluid compartment.
D)blood and extracellular fluid compartment.

Question 16

Atoms sharing a pair of electrons form covalent bonds.

Question 17

The atomic nucleus does not contain ____________,which are negatively charged subatomic particles.

A)protons
B)electrons
C)neutrons

Question 18

Which of the following subatomic particles have negligible mass?

A)electrons
B)neutrons
C)protons
D)Both neutrons and protons.

Question 19

Isotopes have the same ___________ number,but a different __________ number.

A)mass,atomic
B)neutron,mass
C)atomic,mass
D)atomic,proton

Question 20

Water makes up _____ of the total body weight of an average adult.

A)50-60%
B)55-65%
C)60-70%
D)65-75%

Question 21

A solution of a pH above 7 is called ____________.

A)acidic
B)neutral
C)basic

Question 22

Acids release hydrogen ions into solutions.

Question 23

Ionic bonds are very strong and will not easily dissociate in water.

Question 24

Bases will _______________ protons in a solution.

A)accept
B)donate
C)ignore
D)repel

Question 25

The ability of water to be pulled as a column through narrow channels is called

A)osmalality.
B)surface tension.
C)neutrality.
D)capillary action.

Question 26

The pH of a solution increases as the _______________ ion concentration decreases.

A)hydrogen
B)hydroxide
C)bicarbonate
D)sodium

Question 27

Bonds that are formed between oxygen and hydrogen atoms within water molecules are called

A)hydrogen bonds.
B)ionic bonds.
C)nonpolar covalent bonds.
D)polar covalent bonds.

Question 28

A buffer has an acid component and a base component that can prevent drastic changes in pH.

Question 29

Hydration spheres can be formed by compounds which contain _______________ bonds.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)ionic
D)either polar covalent or ionic

Question 30

The formation of hydration spheres makes an ion or molecule soluble in water.

Question 31

_______________ bonds are formed when atoms share electrons unequally.

A)Nonpolar covalent
B)Ionic
C)Polar covalent
D)van der Waals

Question 32

The pH of a solution is directly proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.

Question 33

The primary buffer in the blood is the _______________ buffer.

A)hydronium
B)ammonia
C)phosphate
D)bicarbonate

Question 34

As the pH of the blood decreases,the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood would decrease.

Question 35

What type of bond is formed between potassium and iodine?

A)polar covalent bond
B)ionic bond
C)nonpolar covalent bond
D)hydrogen bond

Question 36

Surface tension between water molecules occurs because adjacent water molecules form _______ bonds with each other.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)hydrogen
D)ionic

Question 37

Water molecules form _______________ ions when they associate with a hydrogen ion.

A)hydroxide
B)bicarbonate
C)hydronium
D)water

Question 38

The type of bond found in sodium chloride is

A)an ionic bond.
B)a polar covalent bond.
C)a hydrogen bond.
D)a nonpolar covalent bonD.

Question 39

Hydrophobic molecules would contain _______________ bonds.

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)hydrogen
D)ionic

Question 40

Which of the following would be most easily broken?

A)a hydrogen bond
B)a nonpolar covalent bond
C)an ionic bond
D)a polar covalent bond

Question 41

An example of an aromatic substance is

A)hexane.
B)cyclohexane.
C)fructose.
D)benzene.

Question 42

Ketones contain a(n)_______________ group within the carbon chain.

A)hydroxyl
B)carbonyl
C)carboxyl
D)aromatic

Question 43

Regarding acids and bases,

A)acids will increase the pH of a solution.
B)bases will decrease the pH of a solution.
C)acids will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.
D)bases will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.

Question 44

Glucose,galactose,and fructose can be considered structural isomers of each other.

Question 45

A blood pH of 7.6 is

A)indicative of acidosis.
B)indicative of alkalosis.
C)in the normal physiological range.
D)indicates effective buffering by the bicarbonate/carbonic acid system.

Question 46

How many single bonds can a carbon atom form if it is double-bonded to an oxygen atom?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 47

A six-sided organic molecule with alternating double bonds is termed a(n)

A)aromatic compound.
B)ketone.
C)alcohol.
D)organic aciD.

Question 48

Ammonia usually

A)acts as a base.
B)acts as an acid.
C)acts as a buffer.
D)ionizes to form a hydroxyl ion.

Question 49

An ionized organic acid is designated with the suffix - ate.

Question 50

Only L-stereoisomers are absorbed by the digestive tract and used to synthesize organic molecules.

Question 51

Organic acids contain carbonyl groups.

Question 52

Organic acids will contain

A)a carboxyl group.
B)a carbonyl group.
C)an amino group.
D)a hydroxyl group.

Question 53

_________ are molecules with the same ratio of atoms but different arrangements of atoms.

A)Isotopes
B)Structural isomers
C)Stereoisomers
D)Radioactive isotopes

Question 54

Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are

A)ionic.
B)inorganic.
C)organiC.
D)carbonic.

Question 55

Fats and carbohydrates are the primary energy stores in the body.

Question 56

Fructose is a ketone.

Question 57

In an acidic solution,

A)the OH^- ion concentration is greater than the H⁺ ion concentration.
B)the OH^- ion concentration is less than the H⁺ ion concentration.
C)the H⁺ ion concentration is equal to the OH^- ion concentration.
D)the H⁺ ion concentration is less than the OH^- ion concentration only if the solution is buffereD.

Question 58

The ionized form of the organic lactic acid is lactate.

Question 59

Molecules that are mirror images of each other are

A)enantiomers.
B)geometric isomers.
C)cis/trans isomers.
D)structural isomers.

Question 60

Molecules with the same atoms,in the same sequence,but arranged differently in space are called

A)structural isomers.
B)stereoisomers.
C)functional groups.
D)aromatic molecules.

Question 61

Carbohydrate molecules have a ratio of twice as many oxygen atoms to carbon atoms.

Question 62

Which reaction represents a dehydration synthesis reaction?

A)Reaction A
B)Reaction B

Question 63

Glucose is stored as a polysaccharide to prevent osmosis of water into the cells.

Question 64

In order to maintain proper health,total dietary fat intake should not exceed _______________ of total dietary energy intake.

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 65

The addition of water with the proper enzymes to a molecule is called

A)dehydration synthesis.
B)condensation.
C)hydrolysis.
D)combustion.

Question 66

Sucrose is a disaccharide that is composed of _______________ and ____________.

A)glucose,glucose
B)glucose,galactose
C)glucose,fructose
D)fructose,galactose

Question 67

Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by animals themselves?

A)glycogen
B)cellulose
C)starch
D)All apply.

Question 68

A molecule that is part polar and part nonpolar is called

A)an enantiomer.
B)a ketone body.
C)unsaturated.
D)amphipathic.

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

A)prostaglandins
B)triglycerides
C)cholesterol
D)glycogen

Question 70

Rapid,uncontrolled hydrolysis of body fats can result in ketoacidosis.

Question 71

Corticosteroids are a type of lipid commonly found in cell membranes.

Question 72

Steroids are derived from cholesterol.

Question 73

An example of a monosaccharide is

A)maltose.
B)sucrose.
C)glucose.
D)glycogen.

Question 74

Covalent bonds are formed between monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis.

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT a disaccharide?

A)fructose
B)sucrose
C)maltose
D)lactose

Question 76

_____________ are fatty acids with a cyclic hydrocarbon group.

A)Triglycerides
B)Prostaglandins
C)Proteins
D)Carbohydrates

Question 77

Lipids containing glycerol would include _______________ and ____________.

A)triglycerides,steroids
B)prostaglandins,phospholipids
C)triglycerides,phospholipids
D)steroids,prostaglandins

Question 78

Unsaturated fatty acids contain more hydrogen atoms than saturated fatty acids of the same length.

Question 79

Glycogen

A)is more highly branched than plant starch.
B)is a glycoprotein found in the liver.
C)is a glycolipid found in skeletal muscles.
D)is composed of alternating glucose and galactose molecules.

Question 80

________________ are liver synthesized derivatives of free fatty acids that can be used as an immediate source of energy by many organs.

A)Glycerols
B)Ketone bodies
C)Steroids
D)Cholesterols