Deck 20: Reproduction

Question 1

Epigenetic changes can not be passed on to a zygote.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Female accessory sex organs develop from the mesonephric ducts.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What type of genetic change occurs when an allele is silenced by methylation of cytosine bases?

A)genomic
B)epigenetic
C)mutation
D)None of the choices is correct.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Treating a male fetus with antibodies to DHT would prevent development of the epididymides.

Question 5

What type of genes are found on the Y chromosome?

A)X-transposed genes
B)degenerate genes
C)testis-specific genes
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

What is the principle sex steroid in males?

A)estrogen
B)testosterone
C)progesterone
D)aldosterone

Question 7

The human female determines the sex of her offspring.

Question 8

Leydig cells in the male produce Müllerian inhibition factor.

Question 9

How many chromosomes are found in a normal human cell?

A)23
B)23 pair
C)46
D)Both 23 pair and 46 are correct.

Question 10

Barr bodies are normally only found in the cells of female mammals.

Question 11

Dihydrotestosterone is produced by the action of the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase on testosterone.

Question 12

Genomic imprinting allows for differing expressions of an allele.

Question 13

Regions of DNA that read the same forward as backward are called ______ and include the testis-specific genes on the Y chromosome.

A)palindromes
B)autosomes
C)haploid
D)genomic

Question 14

Female accessory organs develop because of the presence of ovaries.

Question 15

Cryptorchid males do not produce testosterone.

Question 16

A fertilized egg is called a/an

A)autosome.
B)zygote.
C)ovum.
D)Barr body.

Question 17

Which of the following would be found in normal somatic cells of women but not men?

A)an X chromosome
B)a Y chromosome
C)a Barr body
D)22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes

Question 18

How many autosomal chromosomes are present in human cells?

A)23 pair
B)46
C)22 pair
D)2 pair

Question 19

Patients with Turner's syndrome have 47 chromosomes and appear female.

Question 20

Deletion of the SRY gene would cause male fetuses to develop as females.

Question 21

Inhibin prevents release of LH from the anterior pituitary.

Question 22

Synthetic analogues of GnRH are useful in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia and endometriosis.

Question 23

The rate at which GnRH is secreted from the hypothalamus determines whether LH or FSH is secreted from the anterior pituitary.

Question 24

The embryonic urethral fold becomes the female

A)labia minorA.
B)labia majora.
C)glans clitoris.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 25

A male with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency will have male internal sex organs but more female appearing external genitals.

Question 26

Testosterone,not DHT,stimulates embryonic development of

A)seminal vesicles.
B)ductus deferens.
C)ejaculatory duct.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 27

Those with testicular feminization syndrome have

A)an extra X chromosome.
B)a missing X chromosome.
C)an extra chromosome 23.
D)no chromosomal number abnormalities.

Question 28

In general,the onset of puberty occurs sooner in boys compared to girls.

Question 29

A lack of testosterone in males will cause the genital tubercle to form a(n)

A)penis.
B)testis.
C)clitoris.
D)ovary.

Question 30

The gonads have a negative feedback effect on gonadotropins of the anterior pituitary.

Question 31

Males lacking testosterone receptors would

A)develop as genotypic females.
B)have testes and female external genitalia.
C)lack gonads.
D)have male internal genitalia.

Question 32

Epiphyseal growth in males is stimulated by estrogen.

Question 33

The most common cause of female pseudohermaphroditism is congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Question 34

During the first trimester of pregnancy,the ovaries are active endocrine glands.

Question 35

What event(s)occur to start puberty?

A)GABA release in hypothalamus is reduced.
B)Glutamate stimulation of the hypothalamus is increased.
C)Increased secretion of GnRH to the anterior pituitary.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 36

The first sign of puberty in females is

A)breast development.
B)menarche.
C)growth spurt.
D)axillary hair.

Question 37

The first event to occur during development of the reproductive system would be the

A)descent of the testes into the scrotum.
B)formation of the vagina.
C)onset of testosterone production.
D)development of the Müllerian ducts.

Question 38

Testosterone levels in the male embryo and fetus are very high throughout the prenatal period.

Question 39

Gonadotropic hormones from the anterior pituitary will affect the gonads in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A)stimulation of spermatogenesis or oogenesis.
B)stimulation of gonadal hormone secretion.
C)development of internal genital ducts.
D)maintenance of gonad structures.

Question 40

The secretion of GnRH,FSH,and LH are pulsatile instead of continuous.

Question 41

Which of the following is a precursor to melatonin synthesis?

A)tryptophan
B)serotonin
C)tyrosine
D)Both tryptophan and serotonin are correct.

Question 42

Estrogen may play a role in spermatogenesis as evidenced by estrogen receptors found on developing

A)sperm cells.
B)brains.
C)uterine.
D)oocytes.

Question 43

In males,conversion of testosterone to estrogen in the brain is essential for normal regulation of LH secretion.

Question 44

The Leydig cells of the testes constitute a blood-testis barrier that prevents autoimmune destruction of the sperm.

Question 45

What enzyme is needed for the conversion of testosterone into estradiol in the male brain?

A)5-alpha reductase
B)aromatase
C)ATPase
D)cGMP phosphodiesterase

Question 46

Longitudinal growth during development is dependent on estrogen stimulation of the epiphyseal growth plates in both males and females.

Question 47

Secretion of LH is inhibited by

A)high concentrations of inhibin.
B)rapidly rising concentrations of estradiol.
C)high concentrations of testosterone.
D)decreasing concentrations of progesterone.

Question 48

Women who are very lean and physically active may have irregular cycles and amenorrhea.

Question 49

The correct order of the four phases of sexual response in both sexes would be

A)excitation,plateau,orgasm,resolution.
B)plateau,excitation,orgasm,resolution.
C)orgasm,excitation,resolution,plateau.
D)resolution,plateau,excitation,orgasm.

Question 50

Women do not enter a refractory period following orgasm and are capable of multiple orgasms.

Question 51

In males,the levels of testosterone decline drastically with age.

Question 52

Pubic and axillary hair growth at puberty is from increased secretion of

A)anterior pituitary gonadotropins.
B)estrogen and testosterone from the onads.
C)androgens from the adrenal cortex.
D)melatonin from the pineal glanD.

Question 53

The role of melatonin in puberty of humans is well established and critical.

Question 54

In males androgens are required for

A)initiation of spermatogenesis at puberty.
B)regression of the wolffian ducts during embryonic development.
C)maintenance of accessory sex organs.
D)development of the Müllerian ducts.

Question 55

Damage to the Sertoli cells would result in the production of antibodies against sperm cells.

Question 56

Sertoli cells are stimulated by __________,while Leydig cells are stimulated by ________.

A)FSH,LH
B)LH,FSH
C)testosterone,LH
D)FSH,testosterone

Question 57

Male androgens

A)stimulate protein synthesis and muscle growth.
B)stimulate bone growth.
C)stimulate erythropoiesis.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 58

The majority of the testis is comprised of

A)Leydig cells.
B)interstitial cells.
C)Sertoli cells.
D)seminiferous tubules.

Question 59

Developing sperm cells produce estrogen that may serve to regulate their environment.

Question 60

The movement of semen into the urethra is called

A)emission.
B)erection.
C)ejaculation.
D)ovulation.

Question 61

What allows the compaction of chromatin in the process of spermiogenesis?

A)histones
B)acrosome
C)protamines
D)testosterone

Question 62

Sperm are stored and matured in the

A)vas deferens.
B)seminal vesicles.
C)epididymis.
D)prostate glanD.

Question 63

How many sperm are produced from one spermatogonium?

A)one
B)two
C)four
D)eight

Question 64

Spermatogenesis is regulated by

A)FSH.
B)testosterone and its derivatives.
C)growth hormone.
D)progesterone.

Question 65

The most successful method of contraception is

A)vasectomy.
B)oral contraceptives.
C)the rhythm method.
D)condom usage.

Question 66

The myometrium is the inner most layer of the uterus.

Question 67

Removal of the ___________ would result in a lack of energy in the semen to support the sperm cells.

A)seminal vesicles
B)prostate
C)testis
D)epididymis

Question 68

Apoptosis of T lymphocytes requires that Sertoli cells produce

A)FAS ligand.
B)androgen-binding protein.
C)testosterone.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 69

Emission and ejaculation are under parasympathetic nerve control.

Question 70

Nitric oxide released by endothelial cells in vascular smooth muscle is responsible for smooth muscle relaxation and therefore responsible for which of the following?

A)reduced blood flow to bronchioles
B)increased blood flow in placenta
C)increased blood flow to the fetus
D)penile erection

Question 71

What occurs during spermiogenesis?

A)chromosomes are compacted by protamines
B)flagellum and acrosome form
C)cytoplasm removed by Sertoli cells
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 72

Tight junctions between ___________ are responsible for the formation of the blood-testis barrier.

A)Leydig cells
B)Sertoli cells
C)spermatogonial cells
D)trophoblast cells

Question 73

FSH is necessary for spermiogenesis to occur.

Question 74

Secretions of the Sertoli cells and cells of Leydig influence the functions of each other.

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT a function of Sertoli cells?

A)production of androgen-binding protein
B)FSH stimulation of spermiogenesis
C)protection of developing sperm from the male's immune system
D)production of testosterone

Question 76

About 60% of the volume of semen is produced by the

A)seminal vesicles.
B)prostate gland.
C)bulbourethral glands.
D)testes.

Question 77

Viagra works by blocking ________________ in order to raise cGMP concentration and promote vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle of the penis to produce an erection.

A)5-alpha reductase
B)aromatase
C)ATPase
D)cGMP phosphodiesterase

Question 78

Male contraceptive drugs that would block FSH would be very effective for birth control.

Question 79

After meiosis I in males,________ are formed.

A)primary spermatocytes
B)secondary spermatocytes
C)spermatids
D)spermatozoa

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT a part of the female reproductive system?

A)ductus deferens
B)uterus
C)labia majora
D)uterine tube