Deck 10: Economic Geography: Manufacturing and Services

Question 1

Three dominating characteristics of market-based economic systems are

A)urbanization,production equilibrium,and monetary exchange.
B)comparative advantage,market equilibrium,and inelastic demand.
C)specialization,profit motivation,and interdependence.
D)profit equilibrium,market competition,and variable pricing.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which is not one of the three primary expenses to be minimized in Weber's least-cost theory for industrial location decisions?

A)agglomeration costs
B)advertising costs
C)transport costs
D)labor costs

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Secondary activities differ from tertiary activity in that

A)secondary activity is raw material oriented; tertiary industry is footloose.
B)secondary activities generate the highest percentage of total output in high income countries.
C)secondary industry is footloose; tertiary activity is locationally fixed.
D)secondary activity is ubiquitous; tertiary industry is market oriented.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In general,the more economically advanced a society is,the more its output will be concentrated in

A)agriculture.
B)manufacturing.
C)services.
D)transportation and communications.

Question 5

Despite making up less than 10% of the total value of world trade,trade talks have been stymied by lack of agreement over trade in

A)high technology products.
B)minerals.
C)services.
D)agricultural products.

Question 6

In Weber's least-cost theory of industrial location,the major factor in the location of industry is

A)transportation costs.
B)import and export tariffs.
C)government subsidies.
D)labor costs.

Question 7

In planned economies,the location of manufacturing

A)is relatively immobile compared to market economies.
B)may be determined by other than competitive market forces.
C)is determined by availability of labor and by regional comparative advantage.
D)need pay no attention to cost of inputs.

Question 8

A maquiladora is a Mexican

A)industrial crop.
B)border industry.
C)coastal industry.
D)ubiquitous industry.

Question 9

Economies of agglomeration refer to

A)vertical integration of economic production.
B)clustering of firms to take advantage of shared infrastructure,services and skilled workers.
C)the spatial orientation tendencies of bulk-gaining secondary activities.
D)the comparative advantage of transnational corporations.

Question 10

A leading country to which services have been outsourced is

A)China.
B)Mexico.
C)Japan.
D)India.

Question 11

The supply curve indicates that as the price of a good increases,

A)more of it will be offered for sale.
B)there will be fewer producers.
C)greater specialization will occur.
D)the demand for it will increase.

Question 12

A characteristic of modern economic growth is

A)That the importance of agriculture as an employer of labor increases.
B)Subsistence societies bypass secondary-stage processing and move to tertiary activities.
C)Secondary activities are replaced by service activities.
D)Service activities are replaced by secondary activities.

Question 13

Manufacturing industries engaged in bulk or weight reduction operations are

A)involved in diet plan promotions.
B)raw material oriented.
C)part of the quaternary sector.
D)examples of high-tech manufacturing.

Question 14

Which of the following industries is LEAST likely to locate near the market for its finished products?

A)soft drink and beer bottling
B)automobile assembly
C)mattress manufacturing
D)plywood mill

Question 15

The world leader in the value of world trade in services is

A)the United States.
B)the United Kingdom.
C)Germany.
D)China.

Question 16

Of the following,the state with the highest concentration of high-technology industry is

A)California.
B)Ohio.
C)Pennsylvania.
D)Florida.

Question 17

Three categories of economic activities included in the business services sector of the economy include

A)agriculture,gathering industries,and extractive industries.
B)retail trade,wholesale trade,and consumer services.
C)finance,insurance,and real estate
D)manufacturing,construction,and power production.

Question 18

New advances in information technology and data transmission have

A)by-passed less developed countries,damaging further their already poor economic prospects.
B)reduced the international tradability of services as home country quaternary activities expand.
C)discouraged foreign direct investment and favored domestic high-tech concentrations.
D)enhanced the comparative advantage of developing countries in labor-intensive services.

Question 19

For the world as a whole at the end of the 20^th century,"services"

A)represented over 60% of gross global product.
B)accounted for less than 50% of gross global product.
C)was declining in importance as less-developed countries became industrialized.
D)was overwhelmingly characterized by the "place utility" functions of wholesaling and retailing.

Question 20

The totality of physical facilities and public services existing at a place are known as that locale's

A)service framework.
B)operational medium.
C)infrastructure.
D)support base.

Question 21

Which one of the following is NOT a major manufacturing region of the world?

A)Eastern Anglo America
B)Central Africa
C)Central and Western Europe
D)East Asia

Question 22

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)has been a significant engine of globalization.

Question 23

Transnational corporations are well positioned to exploit the principle of comparative advantage.

Question 24

A good example of market-oriented industry is

A)Aluminum manufacturing
B)Baked goods manufacturing
C)Fish processing
D)High-end automobile manufacturing

Question 25

Because of the strength of its farm and mining sectors,the service industries are less important in the United States than in other advanced economies.

Question 26

High-tech industries are NOT typified by

A)Robotics
B)Electronic controls
C)Computer-aided designs
D)Lower worker productivity

Question 27

Once least-cost industrial sites are developed,they maintain their comparative advantage indefinitely due to agglomeration economies.

Question 28

Tertiary activities do NOT

A)Enter world trade
B)Constitute a factor in China's recent growth
C)Include world-wide competitive manufacturing
D)Include consumer services

Question 29

Just-in-time manufacturing is a characteristic of flexible production systems.

Question 30

Business services depend on providing

A)Services for other servicers
B)Raw materials for industry
C)Transportation corridors for key cities
D)Computer hardware for software engineers

Question 31

A vegetable canning operation is likely to be located near the consumer market because of perishability concerns.

Question 32

The developing world's share of gross global product has remained the same over the past fifty years.

Question 33

Just-in-time manufacturing is aimed at

A)Getting goods to the manufacturer as soon as possible
B)Using storage space extensively
C)Reducing inventories through the production process
D)Reducing pollution during high production periods

Question 34

High-tech industries have tended to become regionally concentrated.

Question 35

Industrial location theory assumes that

A)Industries are market-oriented
B)Industries agglomerate
C)Manufacturers are not concerned with profit
D)Consumers are economically rational

Question 36

Tertiary activities include

A)Consumer services and business services
B)Tourism and ship-building
C)Raw material oriented locations and raw material transportation
D)Gambling and casino construction

Question 37

The four Asian tigers are:

A)South Korea,Hong Kong,Singapore,Taiwan
B)North Korea,Afghanistan,Iran,and Iraq
C)Thailand,Malaysia,Haiti,Philip[pines
D)China,India,Japan,Pakistan

Question 38

Locational tendencies of high tech industries do NOT include

A)Important break-of-bulk centers
B)Proximity to major research universities
C)Locally available venture capital
D)Locational agglomeration

Question 39

Outsourcing is a production process which depends on

A)Subcontracting production work
B)Purchasing goods from abroad
C)Using high hourly compensation workers
D)China

Question 40

How has the "new international division of labor (NIDL)" come about?

A)Exporting goods from industrial countries and sending raw materials from less developing regions
B)Increasing the subdivision of manufacturing processes into larger steps
C)Offshoring manufacturing activities to developing regions
D)Developing manufacturing regions in formerly agricultural areas

Question 41

In planned economies,market forces determine the location of industries.

Question 42

What are some well-known high technology clusters in the United States?

Question 43

What has been the impact of high technology industries on the patterns of economic geography? List three locational tendencies of these industries.

Question 44

What advantages do firms gain from clustering by other similar firms?

Question 45

China has surpassed the United States in exporting information-technology goods,such as laptop computers,mobile phones,and digital cameras.

Question 46

Classical location theories have proven to be as applicable to high-tech activities as to traditional secondary industries.

Question 47

Transnational corporations are an important factor in the globalizing world economy.

Question 48

Compare the relative allocation of economic activity among the primary,secondary,and tertiary sectors for post-industrial,newly industrialized,and least developed countries in the world economy.

Question 49

Summarize in words and a diagram the Weberian least-cost industrial plant location solution to minimize transportation costs with two raw material inputs and a market,all in different locations.

Question 50

What is the term that refers to the maximum level of exploitation of a renewable resource attainable without endangering replenishment for future production?

Question 51

What is meant by the term "comparative advantage?" How does the concept help us to understand current world trends in manufacturing and trade?

Question 52

What is the name of the concept which refers to the clustering of productive activities and people for mutual advantage?

Question 53

What are the four major industrial concentrations in the world?

Question 54

The Asian "dragons" include Malaysia,Indonesia,and Thailand.

Question 55

Explain the difference between a Fordist mode of operation and a just-in-time production system.

Question 56

Agglomeration economies reflect cost savings resulting from the clustering of economic activities.

Question 57

Business service workers are highly concentrated in major metropolitan centers and political capitals.

Question 58

In market economies,goods and services are created primarily for the consumption of producers.