Deck 5: Population Geography

Question 1

In recent years,the world population has grown annually by about

A)6 million.
B)23 million.
C)77 million.
D)122 million.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following characteristics of a national population is NOT evident from its population pyramid?

A)age structure
B)sex structure
C)dependency ratio
D)infant mortality rate

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The crude death rate for wealthy Western Europe is much higher than that for Central America because

A)foreign aid and free medical services are widely available in Central America.
B)higher urbanization in Western Europe increases the incidence of infectious diseases.
C)Western Europe has a higher proportion of old people.
D)tropical areas,including Central America,generally have healthier climates than northern latitude regions.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Carrying capacity is

A)the maximum biomass an environment will produce.
B)a function of distance decay.
C)the maximum number of people that can be supported by available resources and technology.
D)a reflection of cultural diffusion.

Question 5

A wide bottom on a population pyramid suggests a country is in the __________ stage of the demographic transition.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 6

The continent with the highest total fertility rates overall is

A)Africa.
B)Asia.
C)South America.
D)Europe.

Question 7

The systematic study of human population is

A)ecology.
B)ekistics.
C)geography.
D)demography.

Question 8

The theory of the demographic transition holds that

A)death rates increase but birth rates decrease with urbanization.
B)birth rates increase but death rates decrease with urbanization.
C)both birth and death rates increase with urbanization.
D)both birth and death rates decrease with urbanization.

Question 9

The second stage of the demographic transition is marked by

A)high birth rates,and high but fluctuating death rates.
B)high birth rates,and low and stable death rates.
C)declining birth rates,and continuing high death rates.
D)high birth rates,and declining death rates.

Question 10

Which of the following does NOT describe a characteristic of world population distribution?

A)People congregate in lowland areas.
B)People congregate in coastal areas.
C)The majority of the world's population resides in developing countries of the Southern Hemisphere.
D)Dry regions have lower population densities.

Question 11

The continent with the lowest total fertility rates overall is

A)Africa.
B)Asia.
C)South America.
D)Europe.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about AIDS is NOT true?

A)Worldwide,AIDS is the 4^th most common cause of death.
B)About 90% of HIV-positive persons reside in developing countries.
C)Vaccines and immunotherapies developed since 2000 suggest AIDS will have only minor impact on developing countries' population pyramids.
D)About 60% of HIV-positive persons in sub-Saharan Africa are women.

Question 13

The portions of the earth's surface permanently inhabited by humans make up the

A)environment.
B)ecosphere.
C)ecumene.
D)biome.

Question 14

The Malthusian theory is based on which of the following assumptions?

A)As urbanization occurs,the rate of population growth decreases.
B)Population tends to increase more rapidly than do the food supplies to support that population.
C)Growth in productive capacity generally exceeds population increases.
D)Food production increases geometrically,while population grows arithmetically.

Question 15

Consider the following data: Country A
Crude birth rate 38 per 1,000
Crude death rate 18 per 1,000
Country B
Crude birth rate 19 per 1,000
Crude death rate 9 per 1,000
From the data,it is apparent that

A)the population of Country A will double in 140 years.
B)
B)the population of Country B will double in 70 years.
C)the carrying capacity of Country A is being strained.
D)Country A has a larger population than Country

Question 16

Zero population growth (ZPG)

A)refers to an exact equation of births and deaths.
B)implies an unchanging population age structure.
C)implies a wide base to the population pyramid.
D)results when immigration matches emigration.

Question 17

An expression of population pressure exerted on agricultural land is

A)crude density.
B)arithmetical density.
C)aggregate density.
D)physiological density.

Question 18

Consider the following data: Country A
Crude birth rate 38 per 1,000
Crude death rate 18 per 1,000
Country B
Crude birth rate 19 per 1,000
Crude death rate 9 per 1,000
From the data,one might conclude that Country B

A)has avoided the demographic transition.
B)has achieved zero population growth (ZPG).
C)is an industrialized,urbanized society.
D)has a negative rate of natural increase.

Question 19

One check to rapid population increase formerly available to European countries but not a possibility in today's developing societies was

A)industrialization.
B)mass migration.
C)infanticide.
D)contraception.

Question 20

When the average total fertility rate of a population drops to the replacement level,

A)population numbers stabilize and growth automatically ceases.
B)deaths begin to outnumber births.
C)the average age of the population steadily increases.
D)population continues to grow for a generation or more.

Question 21

Which one of the following continents has the highest birth rate?

A)Asia
B)South America
C)Africa
D)North America

Question 22

Rapid increases in life expectancy are characteristic of the __________ stage of the demographic cycle.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 23

What is the rate of natural increase of a country's population if the crude birth rate is 35 per 1,000 and crude death rate is 10 per 1,000?

A)25 per 1,000
B)45 per 1,000
C)25%
D)45%

Question 24

Which country is well-known for a very stringent population policy of one child per family?

A)India
B)Japan
C)Nicaragua
D)China

Question 25

In 2008,the total population of the world was estimated to be about

A)4.6 billion people.
B)6.7 billion people.
C)7.2 billion people.
D)8.2 billion people.

Question 26

A population pyramid that is wide at the base indicates a

A)low death rate.
B)high proportion of old people.
C)higher proportion of males than females.
D)high birth rate.

Question 27

In 2006,the United Nations forecast that the world population would reach ______ by 2050.

A)6.7 billion
B)9.2 billion.
C)13.6 billion.
D)18.3 billion.

Question 28

Which one of the following areas has the densest population?

A)South America
B)Europe
C)Canada
D)United States
E)Figure 06.21

Question 29

Which one of the following locations in the world is most associated with the greatest concentrations of population?

A)continental margins in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere
B)interiors of continents in the low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere
C)continental margins in the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere
D)continental margins in the low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere

Question 30

According to United Nations projections,almost all population growth between 2000 and 2030 will take place __________.

A)in the Southern Hemisphere
B)in rural areas of developing regions
C)in the world's mega-cities
D)in urban areas of developing regions

Question 31

A country with a population of 2 million inhabitants has 50,000 births a year.What is its crude birth rate?

A)25 per 1,000
B)40 per 1,000
C)50 per 1,000
D)100 per 1,000

Question 32

The stage in the demographic transition model in which the death rate and the birth rate remain at low levels is

A)Stage 1.
B)Stage 2.
C)Stage 3.
D)Stage 4.

Question 33

One of the principal reasons for the notable decline in death rates in Europe,beginning after 1860,was

A)the introduction of penicillin and other antibiotics.
B)the reduction in population pressure due to large-scale emigration.
C)the eradication of man-made diseases.
D)the reduction of deaths due to epidemics.

Question 34

What is the number of years required for a country's population to double,assuming a growth rate of approximately 20 people per 1,000 each year?

A)20 years
B)25 years
C)30 years
D)35 years

Question 35

Which of the following regions has the lowest total fertility rates?

A)South Asia
B)North America
C)Europe
D)Central America
E)Figure 06.05

Question 36

In the Cairo Plan,the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development endorsed

A)government imposition of population control in the line of the Chinese policy of one child per family.
B)giving women greater control over their lives,greater economic equality and opportunity and greater voice in reproduction decisions.
C)developed countries to send their delegates including Hollywood celebrities to promote the concept of small family and use of contraceptives for both men and women.
D)forced sterilization of men and women after the birth of their second child.

Question 37

Even with a total fertility rate of 2.1,some countries may experience continued increase in the number of people due to _______.

A)high birth and low death rates
B)lack of contraception available for women
C)population or demographic momentum
D)government intervention or family planning

Question 38

Of the following countries,which has the highest physiological density?

A)United Kingdom
B)Argentina
C)India
D)Japan

Question 39

Which of the following is not one of the world's four major population clusters?

A)East Asia.
B)South Asia.
C)Mexico and Central America.
D)northeastern United States and southeastern Canada.

Question 40

Of the following countries,which has the lowest crude density?

A)Australia
B)United States
C)United Kingdom
D)Iran

Question 41

The rate of world population increase slowed notably after World War II.

Question 42

Urbanization is associated with declining birth rates.

Question 43

Because of its mild climate and fertile soils,Western Europe has always had low birth and death rates.

Question 44

Fertility rates are declining in all world regions.

Question 45

The decline in China's birth rate is attributable to female empowerment.

Question 46

Collectively,less developed countries contained over two-thirds of the world's urban population at the start of the 21^st century.

Question 47

There is invariably a close correlation between population density and levels of living.

Question 48

Approximately 35 to 40 percent of the earth's land area is without significant human settlement.

Question 49

A cohort is a population group unified by an identifying characteristic.

Question 50

Developing countries have compressed within a very few years the mortality reductions that took Western Europe a century or more to achieve.

Question 51

The homeostatic plateau is reached when the fertility rate approaches zero.

Question 52

A total fertility rate of 1.7 is necessary just to replace present population.

Question 53

After 2008,the world's urban population outnumbered the world's rural population.

Question 54

Highest crude birth rates are found in developing countries of Africa,southern Asia,and Latin America.

Question 55

The nonecumene is discontinuous and found on all continents.

Question 56

Since many societies have a dominantly young age structure,their population will tend to increase over the short run despite successful national family planning programs.

Question 57

Overpopulation occurs at densities above 2,500 per square mile.

Question 58

The shift from high to sub-replacement fertility rates eliminates the problems of high dependency rates.

Question 59

By the year 2010,agricultural experts agree,practically all nations will be able to feed their populations from domestic production.

Question 60

Robert Malthus did NOT believe that

A)The biological potential for population growth is less than the potential for increasing food supplies.
B)Equilibrium will be achieved between numbers and support services
C)If unchecked,human population would increase at a geometric rate while food supplies expanded at an arithmetic rate.
D)Humans must restrain their reproductive capacity or nature would enact destructive checks.

Question 61

Discuss the meaning of demographic momentum and use the concept to explain why a shift to total fertility levels of 2.1 is not accompanied by an immediate halt to population growth.

Question 62

For a country or region,the demographic transition predicts available land carrying capacity.

Question 63

Concepts related to overpopulation are food security and carrying capacity.

Question 64

What caused the explosion of world population over the last 1,000 years?

Question 65

What generalizations about spatial patterns and environmental relationships can be drawn from the distribution of world population?

Question 66

Neo-Malthusianism argues that programs of population control are necessary to preserve scarce resources for investment in economic development.Discuss some of the arguments that have been raised opposing neo-Malthusianism and identify the types of people or areas most closely associated with them.

Question 67

Negative population growth or implosion can only be found in European countries.

Question 68

A majority of the world's population lives in countries with reliable systems for recording births and deaths.

Question 69

What does a wide bottomed population pyramid indicate?

Question 70

Improved women's education in some developing countries like Bangladesh has helped in reducing total fertility rate.

Question 71

According to a United Nations estimate,as many as 200 million women worldwide are demographically missing.

Question 72

What is meant by the terms "J-curve" and "S-curve" with reference to human population growth? How is the transition from one to the other achieved?

Question 73

What term has reference to permanently populated portions of the earth as distinguished from the unpopulated regions?

Question 74

Why is the total fertility rate a more accurate measure than the crude birth rate?

Question 75

What factors are causing total fertility rates to drop in countries around the world?

Question 76

Draw a graph depicting the demographic transition theory.Graph crude birth rates and crude death rates versus time and label the four stages of the demographic transition and show when population growth takes place.

Question 77

Explain Malthus' theories about population growth and food supply.

Question 78

Compare and contrast the demographic transition experience of Western Europe with that of the developing countries of today.

Question 79

Malthus' predictions of overpopulation were rejected in the 19^th Century and did not influence population policy in the 20^th Century.

Question 80

Compare the population challenges faced by countries in Africa with those faced by European countries.