Deck 1: Understanding Ethics

Question 1

13.Typically people do share the same interpretation of what "the right thing" is,but they may not share the same commitment in doing it.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Rules of appropriate individual behavior represent the idea that the moral standards we develop for ourselves impact our lives on a daily basis in our behavior and the other types of decisions we make.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The field of ethics is the study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of "right" behavior.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

An intrinsic value,such as happiness and health,is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake.

Question 5

"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is the golden rule.

Question 6

An intrinsic value means that the pursuit of a one value is a good way to reach another value.

Question 7

There are clearly defined rules of right and wrong,and you should live your life in direct observance of those rules.

Question 8

Ethics for the greater good is also referred to as utilitarianism.

Question 9

Virtue ethics is the concept of living your life according to the achievement of clear and similar virtues.

Question 10

Individuals acquire their personal moral standards in the same way that they learn the alphabet.

Question 11

Standards of ethical behavior are absorbed by osmosis as you observe the examples,both positive and negative,set by everyone around you-parents,family members,friends,peers,and neighbors.

Question 12

A person's values have a specific worth to them.

Question 13

Moral standards are based on religious,cultural,or philosophical beliefs by which judgments are made about good or bad behavior.

Question 14

A structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs refers to society.

Question 15

A set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior refers to a value system.

Question 16

Aristotle believed in individual character and integrity,and established a concept of living your life according to a commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal - what sort of person would I like to become,and how do I go about becoming that person?

Question 17

The terms morals and values do not mean the same thing.

Question 18

Every religion in the world shares the golden rule.

Question 19

12.Simple truth is one of the four basic categories of ethics and can be expressed simply as doing the right thing.

Question 20

Superman has become a fictional representation of personal integrity.

Question 21

The problem with ethics for the greater good is the idea that the ends justify the means.

Question 22

Ethical relativism is where the traditions of your society,your personal opinions,and the circumstances of the present moment define your ethical principles.

Question 23

Usually an ethical dilemma can be resolved with a satisfactory answer to the problem.

Question 24

Universal ethics argue that there are certain universal principles that should apply to all ethical judgments.

Question 25

The problem with utilitarianism is the focus on doing the most good for a select few,such as Adolf Hitler and the idea of launching a national genocide against Jews on the utilitarian grounds of restoring the Aryan race.

Question 26

The basic assumption of ethical theory is that you as an individual or community are in control of all the factors that influence the choices that you make.

Question 27

Ethical dilemmas are the study of how ethical theories are put into practice.

Question 28

The first step in resolving an ethical dilemma is to analyze the consequences.

Question 29

Arthur Dobrin identified 15 questions you should consider when resolving an ethical dilemma.

Question 30

The final step in solving an ethical dilemma is to evaluate the results of your decision.

Question 31

Preconventional is the lowest level of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning.

Question 32

The problem with universal ethics is that no one is held accountable for the consequences of actions taken to abide by those principles.

Question 33

The third stage of Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning is law and order.

Question 34

In the third stage of Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning,a person is focused on meeting the expectations of friends and coworkers and how something will affect their life.

Question 35

Applied ethics is the study of how ethical theories are put into practice.

Question 36

Due to aggressive competitors,Joe Smith feels pressured to lie to an important customer to keep the customer.He feels they will never discover the truth.With this ethical dilemma,the first thing Joe must do is analyze the actions without thinking about consequences.

Question 37

The highest level of ethical reasoning is the post-conventional level.

Question 38

The first stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning is preconventional.

Question 39

An ethical dilemma is a situation in which there is no obvious right or wrong decision,but
rather a right or right answer.

Question 40

The process of ethical reasoning involves looking at the available information and then drawing conclusions based on that information in relation to our own ethical standards.

Question 41

All of the following are sources of individuals' moral standards except:

A)Family
B)Religion
C)Government
D)Friends

Question 42

An _________,such as happiness and health,is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake.

A)extrinsic value
B)external value
C)instrumental value
D)intrinsic value

Question 43

What is it that makes the study of ethics so complex?

A)Constant change
B)The grey area
C)Differing religions
D)Black and white decisions

Question 44

______ is a concept of living your life according to a commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal.

A)Universal ethics
B)Ethics for the greater good
C)Utilitarianism
D)Virtue ethics

Question 45

A structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs refers to _________.

A)neighborhood
B)global Village
C)cult
D)society

Question 46

_______ is a particular set of attitudes,beliefs,and practices that characterize a group of individuals.

A)Culture
B)Role
C)Morals
D)Norm

Question 47

______ refers to a study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of right" or "wrong" behavior.

A)Morality
B)Ethics
C)Virtuosity
D)Philosophy

Question 48

Which of the following defines simple truth?

A)The idea that the moral standards we develop for ourselves impact our lives on a daily basis.
B)The idea that we must bring our personal value systems into a world that we share with people who may have different value systems.
C)Doing the right thing.
D)Viewing one's behavior from an external,rather than an internal,viewpoint.

Question 49

Kohlberg stated that it would be impossible for a person to comprehend the moral issues and dilemmas at a level so far beyond his or her life experience and education.

Question 50

An _______ is a value that is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake.

A)intrinsic value
B)extrinsic value
C)instrumental value
D)external value

Question 51

According to Kohlberg's framework,an individual can jump beyond the next stage of his or her six stages.

Question 52

Which of the following is not one of the four basic categories of ethics?

A)Personal integrity
B)Rules of appropriate individual behavior
C)Rules of appropriate behavior for a community or society
D)Stretched truth

Question 53

________ is just doing the right thing,and it is something most people can understand and support.

A)Personal integrity
B)Rules of appropriate individual behavior
C)Rules of appropriate behavior for a community or society
D)A simple truth

Question 54

For some,the _______ rule best expresses the goal of living an ethical life: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.

A)golden
B)virtuous
C)moral justice
D)equality

Question 55

Ethical theories can be divided into the following categories except:

A)Virtue ethics
B)Ethics for the greater good
C)Rational ethics
D)Universal ethics

Question 56

The impact of a person's or a group's _______ can be seen in the extent to which their daily lives are influenced by those values.

A)ethics
B)morality
C)religion
D)value system

Question 57

When individuals share similar standards in a community,we can use the term _______.

A)moral system
B)value system
C)ethical system
D)instrumental system

Question 58

The terms _________ and values are often used to mean the same thing,a set of personal principles by which you aim to live your life.

A)instrumental system
B)outcomes
C)morals
D)lessons

Question 59

An _______ is where the pursuit of that value is a good way to reach another value.

A)intrinsic value
B)extrinsic value
C)instrumental value
D)external value

Question 60

All of the following represent the ideal of personal integrity except:

A)Scrooge McDuck
B)Batman
C)Superman
D)Spider-Man

Question 61

Arthur Dobrin identified ___ questions you should consider when resolving an ethical dilemma.

A)8
B)6
C)10
D)15

Question 62

All of the following are questions identified by Arthur Dorbin to resolve an ethical dilemma except:

A)What do your feelings tell you?
B)What are the alternatives?
C)What are the facts?
D)What will you think of yourself if you decide one thing or another?

Question 63

The study of how ethical theories are put into practice refers to _______.

A)applied ethics
B)normative ethics
C)descriptive ethics
D)meta-ethics

Question 64

Ethics for the greater good,a theory more focused on the outcome of your actions rather focusing on the apparent virtue of the actions themselves is also referred to as __________.

A)virtue ethics
B)normative ethics
C)ethical relativism
D)utilitarianism

Question 65

An ethical _______ is a situation in which there is no obvious "right" or "wrong" decision,but rather a "right" or "right" answer.

A)choice
B)dilemma
C)impasse
D)preference

Question 66

The final step in the three-step process for solving an ethical problem is to _______.

A)analyze the consequences
B)analyze the problem
C)make a decision
D)analyze the actions

Question 67

According to the theory of _______,the traditions of your society,your personal opinions,and the circumstances of the present moment define your ethical principles.

A)ethics for the greater good
B)normative ethics
C)ethical relativism
D)utilitarianism

Question 68

The problem with _______ is the idea that the ends justify the means.

A)ethics for the greater good
B)normative ethics
C)ethical relativism
D)utilitarianism

Question 69

The problem with utilitarianism is

A)it is a gray area.
B)constant change.
C)not everyone is committed to doing the right thing.
D)the idea that the ends justify the means.

Question 70

Ethics for the greater good was originally proposed by the Scottish philosopher ______.

A)David Hume
B)Joseph Badaracco
C)Aristotle
D)Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 71

Due to aggressive competitors,Joe Smith feels pressured to lie to an important customer to keep the customer.He feels they will never discover the truth.Joe is facing an ethical ______.

A)choice
B)dilemma
C)impasse
D)preference

Question 72

The basic assumption of ethical theory is that you as an individual or community _______.

A)there are no grey areas
B)after extensive research and discussion,there is always a clear right answer
C)people will usually act ethically when presented with the right choice
D)are in control of all the factors that influence the choices that you make

Question 73

_______ is a theory more focused on the outcome of your actions rather focusing on the apparent virtue of the actions themselves.

A)Ethics for the greater good
B)Normative ethics
C)Ethical relativism
D)Utilitarianism

Question 74

Which of the following faces the problem that societies can place different emphases on different virtues?

A)Normative ethics
B)Utilitarianism
C)Virtue ethics
D)Universal ethics

Question 75

The Greek philosopher Aristotle's belief in individual character and integrity established the concept of _______.

A)philosophical ethics
B)virtue ethics
C)moral ethics
D)societal ethics

Question 76

The first step in the three-step process for solving an ethical problem is to _______.

A)analyze the consequences
B)analyze the problem
C)make a decision
D)analyze the actions

Question 77

The theory of ______ places actions within a strictly moral context instead of basing actions on the needs of a particular situation.

A)normative ethics
B)universal ethics
C)virtue ethics
D)utilitarianism

Question 78

Which of the following is the lowest level of moral development?

A)Preconventional
B)Conventional
C)Postconventional
D)Social contract

Question 79

The second step in the three-step process for solving an ethical problem is to _______.

A)analyze the consequences
B)analyze the problem
C)make a decision
D)analyze the actions

Question 80

_______ looks at the information available to us in resolving an ethical dilemma,and draws conclusions based on that information in relation to our own ethical standards.

A)Ethical framework
B)Philosophical logic
C)Ethical reasoning
D)Moral reasoning