Deck 12: Leadership: Emerging Perspectives

Question 1

Within attribution theory,consistency refers to the extent to which others behave in the same way.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

One advantage of the new Vroom-Jago model is that it forces a person to make a definite response and will not permit a "probably yes" or a "probably no," response.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Overall effectiveness and decision effectiveness are terms that may be used interchangeably.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Presently,no definitive answer has been given on what constitutes charismatic leadership behavior.

Question 5

The leader's primary attributional task is to categorize the cause of follower behavior into one of three source dimensions: person,entity,or context.

Question 6

One advantage of the new Vroom-Jago model is that it forces a person to make a definite response and will not permit a "probably yes" or a "probably no," response.

Question 7

Attribution theory offers a framework for explaining leader behavior more insightfully than either trait or personal behavioral theories.

Question 8

Vroom and Yetton assumed that there is a single leadership style that is applicable to all situations.

Question 9

The new Vroom and Yetton model differs from the original in the decision processes it incorporates.

Question 10

Attribution theory mainly concerns the emotional process by which a person interprets behavior as being caused by (attributed to)certain cues in the relevant environment.

Question 11

In contrast to Fred Fiedler,Vroom and Yetton attempted to provide a normative model that a leader can use in making decisions.

Question 12

The formula D_Eff - Cost - DPR represents overall decision effectiveness.

Question 13

One limitation of the traditional Vroom-Yetton model is that it did not take into account the geographic restrictions.

Question 14

Vroom-Jago offer two alternatives for the application of their new model to actual managerial problems: a computer program and a decision tree.

Question 15

The attribution process in simple terms is follower behavior influences leader attributions which influenced leader behavior.

Question 16

In the equation D_Eff = D_Qual + D_Comm - DPT,D_Qual refers to the "technical aspects" of a decision.

Question 17

When no stringent time constraints are present,DTP does not impact D_Eff.

Question 18

The Vroom-Jago model takes into consideration the information and expertise possessed by subordinates,while the traditional model did not.

Question 19

Unlike the original model,the Vroom-Jago model evaluates the effects of participation on decision quality,decision acceptance,subordinate development,and time.

Question 20

Conger's stages in charismatic leadership are: set goals,communicate and finally reinforce.

Question 21

In determining the overall effectiveness of a decision,one should consider _________.

A)the decision effectiveness
B)activities that were skipped because of the time spent making the decision
C)contributions to human capital
D)All of the above

Question 22

While Jan turned in the most recent assignment late,all 10 of her previous assignments were completed on time.This behavior would be captured in the ___________ category of information.

A)distinctiveness
B)consistency
C)consensus
D)external

Question 23

Attributions _________.

A)are more likely to be made when failures or problems occur
B)are more likely to be made when good performance is observed
C)are equally likely to be made regardless of perceived good or poor performance
D)have limited application to management

Question 24

Vroom and Yetton represent that decision effectiveness may be represented by the equation _________.

A)D_Eff = D_Qual + D_Comm
B)D_Eff = D_Qual + D_Comm - DPT
C)D_Eff = D_Qual + D_Comm - DPT - D_Cost
D)D_Eff = D_Quatl + D_Cost - D_Time

Question 25

A leader seeks three types of information when forming attributions about a follower's behavior: ____________________.

A)distinctiveness,consistency,and consensus
B)distinctiveness,context,and consensus
C)ability,willingness,and maturity
D)ability,consistency,and consensus

Question 26

Substitutes for leadership generally impact both relationship-and task-oriented leadership in the same manner.

Question 27

When a leader categorizes a subordinate's performance as caused by entity,they are referring to _________.

A)organizational context
B)employee ability
C)task
D)None of the above as "entity" is not an attribution category

Question 28

The attribution process in simple terms is _________.

A)leader behavior influences follower attributions which influences follower behavior
B)follower behavior influences leader attributions which influences leader behavior
C)follower behavior influences leader behavior
D)None of the above

Question 29

Vroom and Yetton assume _________.

A)there is one best leader style that fits most situations
B)that a "high-high" leader style is best
C)there is no single leadership style that is applicable to all situations
D)A and B

Question 30

In attribution theory,"consensus" refers to ___________.

A)the similarity of an individual's behavior on one task as compared to other tasks
B)the similarity of an individual's behavior on a task as compared to previous attempts on that same task
C)the similarity of an individual's behavior as compared to the group
D)multiple managers assigning the same attribution to an employee

Question 31

The Vroom-Jago model expanded upon the traditional Vroom-Yetton in that it _________.

A)added five additional problem attributes
B)incorporated continuous scales
C)considers subordinate information and ability
D)All of the above

Question 32

The traditional Vroom-Yetton model assumes _________.

A)direct leader interaction with subordinates could take place relatively easily
B)the impact of geographically separated leaders and suburbanites can be quantified
C)group meeting benefit is a specific function of geographic dispersion
D)All of the above

Question 33

Conger's stages in charismatic leadership are associated specifically with "crisis-based" leadership.

Question 34

Tom is taking a graduate class in OB.He has earned perfect scores on his papers,oral reports and productively participates in every class.He has just taken his first midterm and scored 50%.In determining attribution,Tom's midterm performance would be considered within the _______ category of information.

A)distinctiveness
B)consistency
C)consensus
D)locus

Question 35

If there is no time pressure influencing the decision,the ___________ term in the decision effectiveness equation takes on a value of zero.

A)D_Comm
B)D_Cost
C)D_Qual
D)DPT

Question 36

Transformational leadership may be viewed as a special case of transactional leadership with the employee's reward being internal.

Question 37

Vroom and Yetton assume that leaders _________.

A)must be flexible enough to change their leadership styles to fit situations
B)must be able to change their situation to fit their preferred leader style
C)use one of two leader approaches
D)None of the above

Question 38

As a leader your primary attributional task is to categorize the cause of subordinate behavior into one of three source dimensions: _________.

A)person,entity,or context
B)internal,external,or mixed
C)distinctiveness,consistency,or consensus
D)ability,willingness,or maturity

Question 39

Dominant leadership approaches fail to discuss substitutes for leadership.

Question 40

Bass identified charisma as one of the factors that describe transformational leaders.

Question 41

A leader identifies what her followers want and helps them achieve a level of performance leading to that end.This person may be described as a ___________ leader.

A)channel
B)transactional
C)transformational
D)participative

Question 42

Rather than trying to "buy" performance like his predecessor,Jack is attempting to motivate his team by offering an inspiring vision for them to pursue.Jack is using a ___________ approach,while his predecessor used a ___________ approach.

A)transactional,transformational
B)transformational,transactional
C)trans-actualization,transactional
D)transcendental,transformational

Question 43

Transformational leadership is viewed as ___________ transactional leadership.

A)a dichotomous rival to
B)a special case of
C)more basic form of leadership than
D)None of the above

Question 44

Crisis-based charismatic leaders have an impact when _________.

A)the system must handle a situation for which existing knowledge,resources,and procedures are adequate
B)the system must handle a situation for which existing knowledge,resources,and procedures are not adequate
C)it focuses on long term organizational needs
D)Both B and C

Question 45

Rob has motivated his team to work for transcendental goals instead of short-term self-interest and for achievement and self-actualization instead of security Rob may be described as using ___________ leadership.

A)transactional
B)transformational
C)trans-actualization
D)transcendental

Question 46

Conger's model _________.

A)is useful in explaining the attribution process
B)illustrates how charisma evolves
C)presents a mechanism to determine decision effectiveness
D)is loosely based upon expectancy theory

Question 47

Bass describe transformational leadership as including ________.

A)unquestioned technical ability
B)a paradoxical blend of humility and professional will
C)paying attention to followers' needs and providing assignments that allow followers to grow personally
D)A and B

Question 48

A transactional style depends on _________.

A)contingent rewards
B)management by exception
C)inspiration of the follower
D)A and B

Question 49

James adjusts his team's goals,direction,and mission for practical reasons.Based upon this limited description,James can be best characterized as a ___________ leader.

A)transactional
B)transformational
C)trans-actualization
D)transcendental

Question 50

Stage four of Conger's model _________.

A)involves sun setting the team
B)focuses on trust building
C)included the leader demonstrating the means to achieve the vision
D)correspond to the R4 level of maturity

Question 51

Ability,training experience and knowledge neutralize _________.

A)relationship oriented leadership
B)task relationship leadership
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above

Question 52

Bass believes charisma is _________.

A)an equivalent term to transformational leadership
B)what separates transactional leadership from transformational leadership
C)a necessary ingredient of transformational leadership,but by itself it is not sufficient to account for the transformational process
D)A and B

Question 53

One national sample of US workers showed ___________ of the participants perceived a direct relationship between how hard they worked and how much pay they received.

A)80%
B)50%
C)30%
D)20%

Question 54

The future focus of visionary and crisis charismatic leaders are ___________ term respectively.

A)long and long
B)long and short
C)short and long
D)short and short

Question 55

Management scholar and writer Peter Drucker claims,"Charisma becomes the _______ of leaders."

A)opiate
B)salvation
C)undoing
D)None of the above

Question 56

Intrinsically satisfying tasks neutralize _________.

A)relationship oriented leadership
B)task relationship leadership
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above

Question 57

Charismatic leaders typically ______________.

A)are opposed to the status quo and strive to change it
B)strive to maintain the status quo
C)are opposed to the status quo and rely on their position power force change
D)are opposed to the status quo and are expert in using available means to achieve goals within the existing order

Question 58

Visionary charismatic leadership may be easier to implement _________.

A)if the followers are dissatisfied with the current situation
B)if the followers are not challenged by the current situation
C)if the followers are content with the current situation
D)Both A and B

Question 59

Which of the following terms would likely apply to leader-follower relationships for a charismatic leader?

A)Elitist
B)Egalitarian
C)Consensus-seeking
D)B and C

Question 60

Spatial distance between superior and subordinates neutralizes _________.

A)relationship oriented leadership
B)task relationship leadership
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above

Question 61

While the Vroom-Yetton model was updated by Vroom-Jago,many of the features remained the same.Describe the similarities between the traditional and updated model.

Question 62

Is it bad to be a transactional leader? Under what circumstances would a transactional style be potentially more effective than a transformational one?

Question 63

Explain the meaning of the equation D_Eff=D_Qual+D_Comm-DPT.

Question 64

Describe how "overall effectiveness" differs from "decision effectiveness" and when each term is appropriate to use.

Question 65

Is there a dark side to charisma?

Question 66

Use Conger's Model to describe how charismatic leadership evolves.

Question 67

How might a work system be designed so that the context provides a substitute for task oriented leadership?

Question 68

How is a transformational leader different from a transactional one?

Question 69

The text presents two types of charismatic leaders.Briefly describe these types.

Question 70

Hitler is used as a frequent example of the dark side of charismatic leadership.Briefly describe how the events allowed Hitler to gain the power that permitted such unthinkable acts to be perpetrated under his leadership.

Question 71

Charisma is necessary but alone is insufficient for successful transformational leadership.Explain this statement.

Question 72

Describe a famous individual that your consider to be,or have been,a transformational leader.Justify your answer using the factors Bass used to describe transformational leaders.

Question 73

Describe how a charismatic may differ from a noncharismatic leader in behavior regarding: relation to the status quo,articulation and power base.