Deck 3: Managing Globally

Question 1

Americans do not ordinarily have a high regard for tradition,ceremony,and social rules.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

When only one language exists,there will be only one culture.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The highest form of organizational "corporate and cross-cultural evolution" is associated with a "multinational" competitive strategy.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The first part of cross-cultural training for virtual teams should focus on helping each team member understand his/her own cultural beliefs; verbal and nonverbal communication styles; and attitudes toward time,space,and work ethic.

Question 5

Regardless of national culture,being late for a meeting is typically considered disrespectful.

Question 6

The initial Hofstede survey data resulted in four dimensions being identified: uncertainty avoidance,masculinity-femininity,individualism-collectivism,and Confucian dynamism.

Question 7

Cross-cultural management attempts to extend the study of domestic management to encompass global and multicultural considerations.

Question 8

Globalization is defined as this interdependency of transportation,distribution,and culture across international borders.

Question 9

People with low uncertainty avoidance feel comfortable even though they are unsure about future events.

Question 10

The United States,Germany and Japan are today categorized as communitarian societies.

Question 11

The evolution of business from being primarily domestically oriented to more globally oriented will require new thinking and new managerial skills.

Question 12

National culture,subcultures,organizational culture,and history all influence behavior patterns of employees and the structures and processes found in organizations.

Question 13

The increased complexity of global operations will make the use of work teams less likely.

Question 14

In cultures such as the United States,emphasis is placed on taking action.These cultures have been characterized as "being cultures."

Question 15

The first part of cross-cultural training for virtual team members will focus on learning how to work effectively with teammates from diverse cultures.

Question 16

Islam forbids "excessive" profit,which is considered exploitive.

Question 17

Theodore Levitt maintains that the existence of truly global markets demands a new type of corporation.He believes the multinational corporation has replaced the global corporation as the most effective international competitor.

Question 18

In some countries,people attempt to control their natural environment.This perspective has been referred to as "preordained."

Question 19

Being cultures emphasize enjoyment,living in a balanced way,enjoying the company of others,and being gratified for the moment.

Question 20

A national culture is a set of values,attitudes,beliefs,and norms shared by a majority of the inhabitants of a region.

Question 21

In a culture that has a ________ perspective; poor performance is expected from some people.

A)dominance
B)preordained
C)harmony
D)global

Question 22

_______________ a set of values,attitudes,beliefs,and norms shared by a majority of the inhabitants of a country.

A)Ethics are
B)A principled culture consists of
C)A national culture is
D)None of the above

Question 23

The ____________ emphasizes enjoyment,living with the flow,and being gratified for the moment.

A)being culture
B)communitarian culture
C)collective orientation
D)None of the above

Question 24

The text credits Japanese company skills in __________ as leading to their domination over US firms in the television manufacturing industry.

A)engineering
B)transfer of knowledge
C)building a culture of teamwork
D)All of the above

Question 25

Globalization is defined as the interdependency of ______________.

A)transportation,distribution,communication,and economic networks across international borders
B)transportation,distribution,and culture across international borders
C)transportation,manufacturing and distribution,across international borders
D)cultures across international borders

Question 26

In a culture that has a _______ perspective; poor performance often results in sanctions or punishment.

A)dominance
B)preordained
C)harmony
D)global

Question 27

The GLOBE project,conceived by Robert House of the University of Pennsylvania,was a large international research project examining practices in IBM offices in 40 countries and analyzed a total of 116,000 survey instruments.

Question 28

The management philosophy of North America for the vast majority of the 20^th century reflected Douglas McGregor's ___________________.

A)Theory Y
B)Theory X
C)Theory J
D)None of the above

Question 29

________ is the study of the behavior of individuals in organizations around the world.

A)Cross-domestic management
B)Cultural management
C)Global-culture management
D)Cross-cultural management

Question 30

According to Tung,two primary factors determine how much and what kind of training expatriate managers should receive.These are the level of contact with the host culture that the expatriate will encounter and the degree of dissimilarity between the home and host cultures.

Question 31

________ reflect a premise that the individual is an integral part of the whole and that the best chance of self-fulfillment is in the context of the nation's goals.

A)Theory Y societies
B)Synergistic societies
C)Harmony-oriented societies
D)Communitarian societies

Question 32

Theodore Levitt maintains that the existence of truly global markets demands a new type of corporation.He believes the _______ corporation has replaced the _______ corporation as the most effective international competitor.

A)multinational,global
B)global,multinational
C)international,domestic
D)global,colonial

Question 33

Researchers examined attitude information and concluded that eight basic clusters of nations exist.India was one of the four countries identified as not fitting into any of the clusters and having an independent culture.

Question 34

Three perspectives characterizing people's relationship to nature have been referred to as ___________.

A)dominance,preordained,and harmony
B)master,synergistic,and servant
C)exploitive,ordained,servant
D)dominance,ordained,and harmony

Question 35

Confucian dynamism refers to the tendency of a culture's norms and values to emphasize satisfying individual needs or group needs.

Question 36

Parent-country nationals,who are sent from the country in which the organization is headquartered are usually referred to as expatriates.

Question 37

Managers following a __________ approach assume that most employees want to work and do not have to be coerced to do a good job.

A)Theory Y
B)Theory X
C)Theory J
D)Theory G

Question 38

Cross-cultural communication often results in misunderstanding caused by __________________.

A)misperception
B)misinterpretation
C)misevaluation
D)All of the above

Question 39

In a __________ oriented culture,poor performance is expected from some people.

A)dominance
B)preordained
C)harmony
D)None of the above

Question 40

Corporate and cross-cultural evolution is depicted as containing several phases.These phases are: __________________.

A)domestic,international and global
B)domestic,international,global and multinational
C)domestic,international,multinational and global
D)domestic,international,and multinational

Question 41

Pat believes that his nation cultural values and customs are superior to all others.This may be characterized as a(n)______________ view.

A)American
B)ethnocentric
C)supercultural
D)neocultural

Question 42

While the ________ culture suggests that employees work to accomplish specific goals,the _________ culture finds employees working to enjoy life more fully.

A)dominance,harmony
B)results-oriented,being-oriented
C)individual-oriented,collective-oriented
D)Germanic,Anglo

Question 43

According to Hofstede,authoritarian managers are more likely to exist in ________________

A)a high power distance culture
B)a low power distance culture
C)a culture with low aggressiveness
D)a culture with a high performance orientation

Question 44

The GLOBE research __________________________.

A)directly extends Hofstede's research
B)is ongoing in that researchers continue to collect data and publish findings
C)like Hofstede,was conducted within a single global organization
D)added "Confucian dynamism" to the Hofstede dimensions

Question 45

_________ refers to the extent to which people believe in the importance of the values of persistence,status,thrift,and feeling shame plus the unimportance of the values of personal stability,face saving,respect for tradition,and reciprocation of favors and gifts.

A)Perseverance
B)Confucian dynamism
C)Dynamism
D)Individualism-collectivism

Question 46

Which of the following culture dimension is included in the Hofstede but not the GLOBE typology?

A)Uncertainty avoidance
B)Power distance
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above

Question 47

Compared to France and Spain,the US and Great Britain _________________.

A)have cultures that have a higher tolerance of uncertainty
B)have cultures that have a higher uncertainty avoidance scores
C)have cultures that have a lower tolerance of uncertainty
D)have cultures that have approximately the same tolerance of uncertainty

Question 48

Which of the following terms refers to the degree to which members of a society accept differences in power and status among themselves?

A)Uncertainty avoidance
B)Masculinity-femininity
C)Power distance
D)Authority avoidance

Question 49

If a U.S.firm employed a manager from Canada at facilities in Ireland,she would be considered a ______________.

A)host-country national
B)global resource
C)third-country national
D)expatriate

Question 50

People with __________ feel comfortable even though they are unsure about future events.

A)low avoidance
B)high masculinity
C)high uncertainty avoidance
D)low uncertainty avoidance

Question 51

You are visiting a country where ambition and assertiveness provide the motivation behind behavior. Using Hofstede's dimension,this country most likely ___________.

A)has a high power distance orientation
B)has a high assertiveness orientation
C)has a high masculinity orientation
D)has a high performance orientation

Question 52

What dimension of culture concerns the degree to which people are comfortable with ambiguous situations and with the inability to predict future events with accuracy?

A)Risk avoidance
B)Flexibility
C)Masculinity-femininity
D)Uncertainty avoidance

Question 53

The original Hofstede research has been criticized __________________________.

A)due to questions concerning the validity and reliability of the measures used
B)as it was conducted in only one organization
C)due to the issue of subcultural influences on respondents
D)All of the above

Question 54

You are visiting a country where the prevailing belief is that using power is neither inherently good nor inherently evil; whether power is good or evil depends on the purposes for and consequences of its use.Using Hofstede's dimension,this country may be best characterized as having a ___________.

A)neutral assertiveness orientation
B)high degree of power distance
C)neutral masculinity-femininity orientation
D)low degree of power distance

Question 55

The initial Hofstede survey data resulted in four dimensions being identified: ________________________.

A)uncertainty avoidance,aggressiveness,western-eastern,and formality
B)uncertainty avoidance,aggressiveness,individualism-collectivism,and formality
C)uncertainty avoidance,masculinity-femininity,individualism-collectivism,and power distance
D)uncertainty avoidance,aggressiveness,individualism-collectivism,and power distance

Question 56

What dimension refers to the tendency of a culture's norms and values to emphasize satisfying individual needs or group needs?

A)Individualism-collectivism
B)Masculinity-femininity
C)Confucian dynamism
D)Power distance

Question 57

In national cultures that tolerate _________,norms and values will suggest that power differences should be minimal.

A)a high degree of power distance
B)high degree of authority avoidance
C)only a small degree of power distance
D)only a small degree of authority avoidance

Question 58

The __________ philosophy includes the concept that people function more productively when working alone.

A)individualism
B)high masculinity
C)dynamism
D)high P

Question 59

Using Hofstede's dimensions,quality of life is an important goal in _______ cultures.

A)feminine
B)high risk avoidance
C)highly collective
D)low power distance

Question 60

Researchers have examined attitude information and concluded that eight basic clusters of nations exist.Four nations did not fit into any of the eight country clusters,and are considered independent cultures.These independent cultures include: ____________.

A)Brazil,Japan,India,and Israel
B)Balese Japan,India,and Israel
C)Afghanistan,Chad,South Africa and the Sudan
D)Chad,Liberia,South Africa and the Sudan

Question 61

Pat works in an enterprise structured so that national boundaries become blurred.The best people are hired irrespective of national origin.Pat's organization is best described as a ______________.

A)transnational corporation
B)transglobal corporation
C)multinational corporation
D)global corporation

Question 62

While on an international assignment Sam comes to miss the familiar surrounds of the home office.Sam is most likely in the _________ phase of the culture shock cycle.

A)fascination
B)frustration
C)melancholy
D)adaptation

Question 63

Because the family can be such an important factor in expatriate manager failures,the temptation for many companies may be to send only single managers.While this practice might eliminate one problem,it could __________________.

A)be a violation of the law as established by Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v.Arabian American Oil Co
B)unintentionally discriminate against women
C)lead to violations of the Equal Pay Act
D)All of the above

Question 64

There are many cultural dimensions that differentiate cultures.These cultural dimensions can influence behavior that can cause misunderstandings,disagreements,or conflicts.Describe four of these culture dimensions.

Question 65

Culture shock __________________.

A)refers to the frustration and confusion that result from being constantly subjected to strange and unfamiliar cues about what to do and how to get it done
B)typically sets in after an initial positive period
C)is a period in which the manager may miss the familiar surroundings of the home office
D)All of the above

Question 66

According to the culture shock cycle ___________.

A)the interrelatedness of assignments in global corporations lessens the impact of culture shock
B)expatriate and third party-country nationals experience culture shock at different levels
C)culture shock typically occurs after an initial positive experience
D)All of the above

Question 67

The fourth and final phase of the culture shock cycle is _______.

A)adaptation
B)performance
C)repatriation
D)There are not four phases identified in this model

Question 68

What is cross-cultural management and why should it be important to students of management?

Question 69

Pat works in a firm with operations in different nations with each viewed as a relatively separate enterprise.Pat's organization is best described as a ______________.

A)transnational corporation
B)transglobal corporation
C)multinational corporation
D)global corporation

Question 70

How does the work of Reich and Levitt add to the discussion of globalization?

Question 71

Describe four of the skills identified as needed for a global manager to compete effectively in the 21^st century.

Question 72

A worker from Iran employed by a U.S.firm operating in Baghdad would be considered a ____________.

A)host-country national
B)native national
C)patriot
D)foreign resource employee

Question 73

According to Tung,two primary factors determine how much and what kind of training expatriate managers should receive.These are ________________________.

A)the level of contact with the host culture that the expatriate will encounter and the degree of dissimilarity between the home and host cultures
B)the level of contact with the host culture that the expatriate will encounter,and the manager's language skills
C)the level of the manager's specific technical skills and the degree of dissimilarity between the home and host cultures
D)level of position responsibility and the complexity of the assignment

Question 74

Describe the original four Hofstede culture dimensions providing cultural examples of each.

Question 75

The culture shock cycle presents three-phase process experienced by most employees sent to another country.These phases have been identified as __________.

A)attraction,disengagement,adaptation
B)shock,adaptation,performing
C)fascination,frustration,adaptation
D)frustration,adaptation,performing

Question 76

Organizations can influence an employee's motivation to accept an overseas assignment through __________.

A)offering an attractive compensation package
B)creating systems where such an assignment would be beneficial to one's career
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above

Question 77

__________ is a belief that your nation's cultural values and customs are superior to all others.

A)Nationalism
B)Ethnocentrism
C)Xenophobia
D)Intolerance

Question 78

____________ is a term that would describe a Canadian working for a Swedish firm in the US.

A)Transient national
B)Expatriate
C)Third-country national
D)Global employee

Question 79

"Culture shock" is typically experienced ___________.

A)initially when undertaking an international assignment
B)less by individuals from the "Asian" cluster
C)Both A & B
D)None of the above

Question 80

The real keys to a successful expatriate choice include finding managers who are ______________________.

A)culturally flexible and adaptable
B)who have supportive family situations
C)technical competence
D)A and B