Deck 6: Interpreting Places and Landscapes

Question 1

Overwhelming ________ is one of the biggest dangers facing successful slow cities.

A) tourism
B) urban sprawl

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Cittaslow movement,related to the slow food movement,is an attempt by local communities to recover

A) a sense of place.
B) derelict landscapes.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The humanistic approach in geography focuses on

A) the perception of individuals.
B) factors that shape the views of society.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The study of the social and cultural meanings people give to personal space - like how far we stand from others when speaking to them - is known as

A) proxemics.
B) ethology.

Question 5

Geographers using the humanistic approach share a great deal with other social sciences,but especially

A) psychology & sociology.
B) political science & economics.

Question 6

Slow food is devoted to a ________ pace of life and to the true tastes,aromas,and diversity of good food.

A) fast-hurried
B) slow-hurried

Question 7

An ethologist would be more likely to study

A) dialects.
B) proxemics.

Question 8

More than ever before,contemporary place-making relies on

A) visual consumption.
B) material consumption.

Question 9

Vulgaria is distinguished by landscapes of

A) bigness and ostentation.
B) moral decay.

Question 10

Advertising has become a key component of contemporary culture and even place-making because of its role in portraying

A) the intrinsic utility of a product.
B) the lifestyle associated with a product.

Question 11

Slow cities are urban settlements found in the

A) fast world.
B) slow world.

Question 12

The tendency for people to have places to which they have a special attachment or sense of identity is known as

A) topophilia.
B) proxemia.

Question 13

Graffiti is usually an expression of

A) territoriality.
B) topophilia.

Question 14

Our textbook calls the shopping mall a "pseudoplace," a complex,________ site.

A) semiotic
B) sacred

Question 15

________ is based on the commercial exploitation of the histories of people and places.

A) The heritage industry
B) Place consumption

Question 16

Varanasi - on the Ganges River - is an exceptionally sacred pilgrimage site to

A) Hindus.
B) Muslims.

Question 17

Signs and symbols embedded in the landscape that send messages about identity,beliefs,practices and values,and which we can learn to read and interpret,is an example of

A) semiotics.
B) geographic literacy.

Question 18

Malls are complex

A) derelict landscapes.
B) semiotic sites.

Question 19

The slow city movement has emerged,and is growing,in the world's

A) core countries.
B) peripheral countries.

Question 20

India's holiest sites are grouped

A) along its sacred rivers.
B) around its holy mountain tops.

Question 21

In their studies of the formation and evolution of human customs and beliefs,ethologists study people's sense of

A) ethics.
B) ethnicity.
C) territoriality.
D) space.
E) landscape.

Question 22

The longing and ongoing attachments that a migrant may have to his or her homeland is an example of

A) topophilia.
B) usufruct.
C) semiotics.
D) sacred space.
E) ethology.

Question 23

Generally,the more experience and first-hand information we have of a place,the more our cognitive images

A) reflect reality.
B) are simplified.
C) converge on topophilia.
D) are like derelict landscapes.
E) become territorial.

Question 24

Territoriality helps us understand how rules,laws,and the exercise of power have become associated with

A) spaces and places.
B) individuals and groups.
C) cultures and ethnicities.
D) political and economic systems.
E) tourist destinations.

Question 25

Reading,writing and recognizing signs and symbols (such as those that are written into landscapes)is known as

A) semiotics.
B) proxemics.
C) eurhythmics.
D) semantics.
E) prosthetics.

Question 26

Which is more likely to separate those on Facebook from those not on Facebook?

A) digital divide
B) political divide

Question 27

The parking lot down the street would best be characterized as a

A) landscape of despair.
B) derelict landscape.
C) sacred site.
D) symbolic landscape.
E) vernacular landscape.

Question 28

Contemporary landscapes contain increasing numbers of inauthentic settings-what geographer David Harvey has called the _________ of global capitalism.

A) fake places
B) bottom dwellers
C) degenerative utopias
D) urban wastelands
E) seedy underbelly

Question 29

When we talk about landscapes as texts,we are referring to

A) books on landscapes.
B) the categorization of landscapes based on their features.
C) landscapes as things of meaning, that can be written and read, like books.
D) the physical geography underlying cultural landscapes.
E) an encyclopedia of geographic terms.

Question 30

Recognizing that landscapes both produce and communicate meaning allows us to

A) interpret local & national values, priorities, histories, cultural practices.
B) build a cultural landscape out of a natural landscape.
C) form cognitive images of places to which we have never been.
D) build cultural complexes.
E) dance the hokey pokey.

Question 31

The Muslim,Jewish,Christian,and Armenian quarters make up the city of

A) Tehran.
B) Jerusalem.
C) France.
D) Abu Dhabi.
E) Beirut.

Question 32

In somebody's cognitive image of Canada,it is most likely that Niagara Falls is a(n)

A) node.
B) path.
C) edge.
D) landmark.
E) district.

Question 33

Social affairs involving property rights,political jurisdictions,market areas,ethnic claims to specific areas and efforts to protect traditional land uses all involve issues of

A) proxemics.
B) territoriality.
C) sacred spaces.
D) cosmopolitanism.
E) race.

Question 34

The concept of territoriality helps to classify people and resources in terms of location in

A) space.
B) society.
C) the economy.
D) history.
E) the political system.

Question 35

To an ethologist,graffiti in a high-density urban area is likely to be explained as a(n)

A) response to overcrowding.
B) act of vandalism.
C) expression of identity.
D) claim to territory.
E) call to organize labour.

Question 36

The images that come to mind when we think of a place,any place,like Montreal,Quebec or Damascus,Syria are known as our

A) cognitive images.
B) stereotypical images.
C) territorial markers.
D) semiotic markers.
E) topophobic images.

Question 37

Distortions in our cognitive images are the result of

A) partial or incomplete information.
B) biased information.
C) our likes and dislikes.
D) the strength of our memories.
E) all of the above

Question 38

The humanistic approach in geography emphasizes ________ values,meanings,intentions and behaviours.

A) an individual's
B) humankind's
C) a specific culture's
D) cultural
E) social

Question 39

A study of the social and cultural meanings that people give to personal space - for example,how near or distant you like to sit near others in class - is known as

A) semiotics.
B) proxemics.
C) territoriality.
D) sacred space.
E) sense of place.

Question 40

Paths,edges,districts,nodes and landmarks are used to organize

A) our cognitive images.
B) our landscapes.
C) our individual topophilias.
D) sacred space.
E) semiotic landscapes.

Question 41

One negative outgrowth of the heritage industry is the tendency toward "Disneyfication," whereby

A) authentic histories and cultures are trivialized, sanitized, and glossed over.
B) images and symbols from movies, advertising, and popular culture become part of what we believe to be part of the authentic history and landscape of a place.
C) local identity is manufactured to aid marketing and attract tourists.
D) histories of peoples and their places are commercially exploited for widespread consumption.
E) all of the above

Question 42

To participate in the hajj is to be a Muslim and participate in commemorative & symbolic acts in

A) Mecca.
B) Jerusalem.
C) Rome.
D) the Taj Mahal.
E) Constantinople.

Question 43

In their study of environmental perception,geographers have the most in common with

A) historians.
B) psychologists.
C) biologists.
D) geologists.
E) ecologists.

Question 44

The "slow food" movement emerged in response to

A) the speed of globalization.
B) mass production and cultural homogenization.
C) the diffusion of U.S.-based fast food franchises around the world.
D) the emergence of genetically engineered foods.
E) all of the above

Question 45

The cultural hearth of the slow cities movement is

A) Italy.
B) Canada.
C) Texas.
D) Southern California.
E) Brazil.

Question 46

The study of embedding signs and symbols in the landscape that send messages about identity,beliefs,practices and values - and which we can learn to read and interpret,- is an example of

A) semiotics.
B) geographic literacy.
C) topo-linguistics.
D) environmental perception.
E) semantics.

Question 47

The hajj is among the world's very largest

A) annual pilgrimages.
B) sacred spaces.
C) sacred sites.
D) mosques.
E) religious conflicts.

Question 48

Just as we can consume food and other material goods,contemporary culture encourages us to consume places,meaning,to

A) purchase images, symbols and experiences of places.
B) deplete resource through destroying landscapes.
C) destroy unique places to build franchises.
D) travel to other places to learn about their geographies and histories.
E) eat out at restaurants.

Question 49

As a view of the world that embraces and combines a range of perspectives,postmodernity focuses on

A) environmentally and socially sustainable modernity.
B) a return to traditional approaches and religion.
C) material consumption and living for the moment.
D) dwelling on the past.
E) searching for grand universal truths.

Question 50

Landscapes and place-making in which economic and scientific reason and progress are emphasized,are characteristics of

A) modernity.
B) postmodernity.
C) enlightenment.
D) fast cities.
E) cosmopolitanism.

Question 51

Mecca,Jerusalem,the Ganges and Lourdes are among the world's most important

A) religious hearths of monotheism.
B) pilgrimage sites.
C) districts, nodes and landmarks.
D) landscapes of despair.
E) landscapes-as-text.

Question 52

An important consequence of the heritage industry in urban areas is

A) the loss of authentic histories and landscapes.
B) the spread of interest in geography and history.
C) a shift in place marketing from an emphasis on consumption to one on preservation.
D) the dissemination of people and their cultures, like the migration of Germans to Ontario or the British to Tokyo.
E) the inclusive sharing of histories of people and places worldwide.

Question 53

Among the core principals of the slow cities movement is the concept of

A) community life.
B) visualizing geography.
C) Disneyfication.
D) place commodification.
E) pseudoplace.

Question 54

A university or college is very concerned with how prospective students react when they are on campus for a visit.Thus,even if they do not fully recognize it,the school is very aware of the importance of

A) derelict landscapes.
B) cosmopolitanism.
C) proxemics.
D) territoriality.
E) semiotics.

Question 55

The trailer park and the suburb are examples of

A) derelict landscapes.
B) ordinary landscapes.
C) symbolic landscapes.
D) gender-based landscapes.
E) sacred spaces.

Question 56

Sacred spaces are sacred because

A) of a miracle that occurred there.
B) God makes it so.
C) people make them so.
D) houses of worship (e.g., temples, mosques, churches, monasteries) are located there.
E) governments make them so.

Question 57

An SUV in a high-end suburban megachurch parking lot surrounded by box stores is a classic landscape most likely seen in

A) Botoxia.
B) Inauthentica.
C) Privatopia.
D) Semiotica.
E) Vulgarian.

Question 58

Globalization,in the form of the new production of irrigated cash crops,brought this change to the rural Sudanese village studied by geographer Cindi Katz.

A) Children were required to attend school.
B) Subsistence crops were no longer grown.
C) The traditional roles and activities of boys and girls changed.
D) Children were insulated from globalization.
E) Children's experience of their environment was broadened.

Question 59

A person's ________ significantly affects their environmental knowledge and relationship with the environment.

A) gender
B) stage in the life cycle
C) religious beliefs
D) exposure to globalization
E) all of the above

Question 60

According to geographers,the heritage industry is based on the commodification and commercial exploitation of

A) history.
B) ideas.
C) ethnicities.
D) styles.
E) technologies.

Question 61

For which of the following groups do the Holy Lands of Palestine/Israel not have significance?

A) Hindu nationalists
B) Greek Orthodox
C) Roman Catholics
D) Christian Zionists
E) Sunni Muslims

Question 62

The telegraph,the telephone,the X-ray,the motion picture,the radio,the bicycle,the internal combustion engine,the airplane,the skyscraper,relativity theory,and psychoanalysis are characteristic of

A) humanism.
B) cosmopolitanism.
C) postmodernism.
D) modernism.
E) proxemics.

Question 63

The majority of Internet communication is conducted in this language:

A) English
B) Chinese
C) Spanish
D) Japanese
E) French

Question 64

Territoriality

A) regulates access to people.
B) regulates access to resources.
C) regulates social interaction.
D) provides a focus of group membership and identity.
E) all of the above

Question 65

Many of the sites that are sacred for India's Hindus are located

A) near rivers.
B) in the southern part of the country.
C) on the border with Bangladesh.
D) near the centers of major cities.
E) in the highlands of Tibet.

Question 66

Which of the following is usually the most important consideration for the heritage industry when it decides how to restore and develop a given landscape?

A) commercial considerations
B) principles of preservation
C) historical accuracy
D) UNESCO guidelines
E) the landscape needs to be at least 500 years old

Question 67

This signal is consistently transmitted by shopping malls to all,regardless of gender,age,class,or race.

A) appreciate architecture
B) consume, consume
C) observe social standards of behaviour
D) buy low, sell high
E) save your money

Question 68

The landscape-as-text concept

A) holds that some people actively shape the landscape.
B) was developed by Carl Sauer and Michael Imort.
C) is dependent upon geographical publishers.
D) argues that landscapes can produce meaning, but cannot communicate meaning.
E) requires understanding the grammar of geography (place identification).

Question 69

A company involved in which of the following is not generally considered to be among the "culture" industries?

A) a manufacturing company
B) an advertising company
C) a publishing company
D) an entertainment company
E) a communications media company

Question 70

If one were in Mecca during the hajj,one is least likely to encounter a pilgrim from

A) China.
B) Pakistan.
C) Indonesia.
D) Egypt.
E) Turkey.

Question 71

Islam requires Muslims to make a once-in- a-lifetime pilgrimage to

A) Amman, Jordan.
B) Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
C) Marrakesh, Morocco.
D) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
E) Damascus, Syria.

Question 72

The practice of writing and reading signs is called

A) esthetics.
B) semiotics.
C) image interpretation.
D) heuristics.
E) symbology.

Question 73

In the process of forming cognitive images,________ is (are)primarily involved in both perception and cognition.

A) senses
B) culture
C) brain and personality
D) society and institutions
E) transformed cognitive image

Question 74

The Internet

A) has users distributed fairly evenly around the globe.
B) increases the ability of states to control their citizens.
C) uses Esperanto as the main language of communication.
D) is difficult to censor & regulate.
E) is free for everyone to use.

Question 75

Most observers of cultural change think that we now live in the age of

A) modernity.
B) postmodernity.
C) classicism.
D) avant-gardism.
E) Aquarius.

Question 76

Muslims believe that Muhammad had a mystical experience in which he visited ________ and,from there,heaven.As a consequence,this city has been a holy city of Islam since A.D.638,just a few years after Muhammad's death.

A) Jerusalem
B) Istanbul
C) Cairo
D) Baghdad
E) Damascus

Question 77

David Harvey calls inauthentic "historic" settings based on a mix of stereotypes and questionable historical realities - such as fake cowboy towns and recreations of old Venice -

A) degenerative utopias.
B) sacred spaces.
C) derelict landscapes.
D) shamography.
E) fauxistential landscapes.

Question 78

As presented in the text,cosmopolitanism is best characterized as

A) material humanism.
B) the successor to postmodernism.
C) a divisive political ideology.
D) consumption from the global marketplace.
E) a syncretic belief system.

Question 79

The hajj is the once-in-a-lifetime pilgrimage for practitioners of

A) Hinduism.
B) Judaism.
C) Islam.
D) Jainism.
E) Buddhism.

Question 80

In terms of cognitive images,a street is most likely to be

A) a district.
B) a path or an edge.
C) a node beside a landmark.
D) a landmark.
E) a landmark or a district.