Deck 8: Food and Agriculture

Question 1

Swiddens are most likely found in

A) rainforests.
B) plains and prairies.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Blue Revolution has been great (in terms of price)for shrimp

A) consumers.
B) producers.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Terraced hillsides in places like Indonesia and Central America strongly suggest

A) intensive subsistence agriculture.
B) shifting cultivation.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The biggest beneficiaries of the Blue Revolution are consumers in the

A) core.
B) periphery.

Question 5

Good examples of NTAEs are

A) green beans and roses.
B) sugar and coffee.

Question 6

People that espouse the "fundamental right to pleasure and responsibility to protect the heritage of food,tradition and culture that make this pleasure possible" are more likely

A) members of the slow food movement.
B) proponents of the Borlaug hypothesis.

Question 7

The second agricultural revolution most importantly coincides with

A) the Industrial Revolution.
B) the French Revolution.

Question 8

Evidence strongly suggests that obesity and diabetes are more likely among children who eat

A) fast food.
B) slow food.

Question 9

A picture of a landscape in which a man is plowing by machine and the women are thinning or weeding by hand demonstrates

A) the gender division of labour.
B) land reform.

Question 10

________ is the largest producer of GMO foods in the world.

A) The United States
B) China

Question 11

Norman Borlaug is said to have saved more lives than any person that ever lived.________ he was awarded the Nobel Peace prize.

A) As a founder of the Green Revolution,
B) For inventing rice and making it available for free,

Question 12

The goal of the Green Revolution was

A) to feed the world's growing population.
B) rural and agrarian economic development.

Question 13

Subsistence agriculture replaced hunting and gathering over the course of the

A) first agricultural revolution.
B) third agricultural revolution.

Question 14

The third agricultural revolution is characterized as the

A) industrialization of agriculture.
B) return to organic agro-food production.

Question 15

In places of high population densities,one is more likely to find

A) intensive subsistence agriculture.
B) shifting cultivation.

Question 16

In the summer,transhumant pastoralists are found in

A) mountains.
B) plains.

Question 17

Intertillage is a form of

A) polyculture.
B) monoculture.

Question 18

Some countries have banned GMOs and the European Union requires strict labeling requirements for foods with GMOs.Canada has

A) no labeling requirements.
B) strict labeling requirements.

Question 19

Famines will not generally occur when food is

A) accessible.
B) available.

Question 20

The seed varieties initially developed under the Green Revolution are known as

A) high-yield-varieties (HYVs).
B) genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

Question 21

Pastoral nomads

A) wander around harsh environments hoping to find water and forage for their animals.
B) are increasing in number as the nomadic lifestyle appeals to people tired of the city.
C) are found only in the Middle East and North Africa.
D) depend on animals rather than crops for their livelihood.
E) are religious leaders.

Question 22

The primary worldwide benefit of the Green Revolution has been an increase in

A) food production.
B) environmental benefits.
C) land reform.
D) wages for farmers.
E) conflicts between the primary and secondary sectors.

Question 23

Shifting cultivation is characterized by the practice of rotating ________ to maintain soil fertility.

A) crops
B) fields
C) chemicals
D) farm animals
E) ownership

Question 24

For the most part,at least in its first decades,the Green Revolution targeted ________ for improvements.

A) grains like rice, corn and wheat
B) agricultural production in Africa
C) export luxury crops like coffee, tea, and cocoa
D) nontraditional agricultural exports (NTAEs) like fruit, flowers and vegetables
E) biotechnology

Question 25

Commercial agricultural systems in the core are especially efficient in terms of food production per unit of

A) area.
B) labour.
C) fuel energy.
D) water.
E) animals.

Question 26

The benefits of intertillage include all of the following except

A) reduced risk of crop failure.
B) spreading out food production over the farming season.
C) increased ability to replace people with equipment, like tractors.
D) soil erosion control.
E) soil moisture retention and maximization.

Question 27

In contrast to the first two agricultural revolutions,the third one originated in the

A) New World.
B) Old World.
C) core.
D) periphery.
E) laboratory.

Question 28

________ is invigorating small and family farms in Canada.

A) The local food movement
B) The biorevolution

Question 29

A food regime is the specific set of links that exists among food production,consumption,capital investment and accumulation opportunities.Since the 1960s,global agriculture has changed from a wheat and livestock food regime to a

A) fast food regime.
B) fish regime.
C) fresh fruits and vegetables regime.
D) poultry regime.
E) hot dish and casserole regime.

Question 30

An agrarian culture is one (in)which

A) agricultural production is predominant in daily life.
B) is reliant on food imports.
C) agricultural production results in plentiful food exports.
D) has gone through First, Second and Third Agricultural Revolutions.
E) benefited from the Green Revolution.

Question 31

Subsistence agriculture is characterized by agriculturalists who

A) consume what they produce.
B) farm on swiddens.
C) practice transhumance.
D) reject globalization and monoculture.
E) live on their farms.

Question 32

An organism that has had its DNA modified in a laboratory rather than through cross-pollination or other forms of evolution is known as a(n)

A) GMO.
B) DDT.
C) HBO.
D) GOP.
E) CSA.

Question 33

Average farm sizes in many areas where intensive subsistence is practiced (India and China)are:

A) remaining constant.
B) increasing.
C) decreasing.
D) fluctuating in response to global crop prices.
E) influenced by land grabbing practices.

Question 34

Plantations - from coffee,cocoa and tea to rubber,palm oil and bananas - typically practice

A) monoculture.
B) polyculture.
C) silviculture.
D) aquaculture.
E) multiculture.

Question 35

The dramatic increase in yields associated with the second agricultural revolution coincided with

A) a commercial market for food created by the growing urban labour force.
B) the advent of communism and the emergence of communal farming systems.
C) the arrival of crops (potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, chocolate) from the New World.
D) the introduction of hybrid seeds and GMOs (genetically modified organisms).
E) the large influx of migrants from peripheral to core countries.

Question 36

In the context of agribusiness and the globalization of agriculture,the food chain is a way of understanding complex connections between

A) agricultural producers and food consumers.
B) foods in the major food groups.
C) governments and transnational food corporations.
D) monoculture and polyculture.
E) consumption, behaviour and health.

Question 37

Since 2010,many countries have warned of an impending pollination crisis as both wild and managed pollinators are disappearing at alarming rates as a result of _________.

A) warmer temperatures
B) pesticide poisoning

Question 38

Compared to large,industrial farms,traditional intensive subsistence farms tend to

A) be a more sustainable form of production.
B) rely more on sophisticated forms of mechanization.
C) use chemical fertilizers rather than manure and compost.
D) have low yields.
E) lack agricultural and environmental understanding.

Question 39

The industrialization of agriculture has made the farm

A) the center of agricultural production.
B) the center of the service sector of the economy.
C) the cutting edge of new technology.
D) a component in the agro-commodity production system.
E) an unnecessary part of food production.

Question 40

In Canada,there is no requirement to ________ GMO foods for the consumer's information.

A) test
B) label

Question 41

In metropolitan areas around the world,________ is/are critical in supporting food security for around 800 million.

A) urban agriculture
B) U.S. food aid
C) CSAs
D) the food chain
E) NTAEs

Question 42

________ dominate subsistence agriculture.

A) Lettuces and other leafy vegetables
B) Various varieties of squash
C) Potatoes, yams, and other tubers
D) Rice and other grains
E) Pigs and chickens

Question 43

Subsistence agriculture is most common in

A) Asia.
B) Europe.
C) Australia.
D) North America.
E) the Middle East.

Question 44

Shifting cultivation is most commonly practiced in

A) core countries.
B) tropical and subtropical regions.
C) southern Africa and Australia.
D) Siberia.
E) the New World.

Question 45

The height of the second agricultural revolution coincided with

A) the Renaissance.
B) the Reformation.
C) the reign of Louis XIV of France.
D) the Industrial Revolution.
E) the use of nonorganic fertilizers and synthetic herbicides and pesticides.

Question 46

In which agricultural revolution was the family farm considered "ideal" for making a living and living a good life?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) It was considered ideal in all four revolutions.
E) green

Question 47

For a person,household or country to be food secure means that

A) access to enough food is assured.
B) enough food is available.
C) the person, household or country is self-reliant.
D) the food supply is safe and disease- & bacteria-free.
E) they have large storages of food.

Question 48

As a whole,the core cause of global undernutrition is

A) poverty.
B) famine.
C) the green revolution.
D) food security.
E) GMOs.

Question 49

Which of the following has dominated food-generating practices in the twentieth century?

A) hunting and gathering
B) commercial agriculture
C) subsistence agriculture
D) pastoralism
E) swidden agriculture

Question 50

Pastoralism

A) requires elaborate fencing networks and patterns to manage herds.
B) is most commonly practiced in drier climates unsuitable for subsistence agriculture.
C) is increasing in importance in most parts of the world.
D) has largely replaced intensive subsistence agriculture in Southeast Asia.
E) does not involve practicing transhumanism.

Question 51

Which of the following lists is in proper historical sequence?

A) subsistence agriculture, commercial agriculture, hunting and gathering
B) hunting and gathering, subsistence agriculture, commercial agriculture
C) hunting and gathering, commercial agriculture, subsistence agriculture
D) commercial agriculture, subsistence agriculture, hunting and gathering
E) hunting and gathering, green revolution, second agricultural revolution

Question 52

Because the health and environmental impacts of GMOS are not well-understood,

A) the United States allows GMOs to be used only in research.
B) Europe severely limits GMO food imports.
C) farmers in the Canada refuse to use them.
D) they are not widely used and were just another passing fad.
E) Canada has banned them.

Question 53

In shifting cultivation,fields are generally worked for about

A) 1 year.
B) 2 years.
C) 5-7 years.
D) 10-15 years.
E) 20-50 years.

Question 54

Shifting cultivation

A) technology and practice have changed dramatically over the last three centuries.
B) requires more expenditure of energy than modern farming methods.
C) works best with low population densities.
D) is experiencing a revival among organic agriculturalists.
E) is located in geographic regions where climate, rainfall, and vegetation combine to produce soils rich in nutrients.

Question 55

Subsistence agriculture

A) produces food for the direct consumption of the growers and their families.
B) is designed to produce a surplus for sale.
C) does not include the raising of livestock.
D) has grown in importance over the course of the twentieth century.
E) is primarily located in core countries.

Question 56

Intensive subsistence agriculture

A) is used primarily in parts of the world with small populations.
B) involves more human labour than swidden agriculture.
C) usually achieves only low productivity.
D) is most commonly practiced in areas with little rainfall.
E) relies on chickens and geese as draft animals.

Question 57

Which agricultural revolution is characterized by the emergence of a significant surplus of production that could be sold and the beginnings of the industrialization of agriculture?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
E) green

Question 58

Practitioners of shifting cultivation usually begin the process of clearing a new field when

A) the government tells them to do so.
B) they are certain the last frost is past.
C) the soil of the old field is depleted of nutrients.
D) the women vote to do so.
E) seasonal and annual rainfall patterns shift.

Question 59

From the following,the most characteristic product of the Blue Revolution is

A) fish.
B) poultry.
C) dairy products.
D) berries.
E) wine.

Question 60

The biorevolution is expected to lead to more

A) monoculture.
B) agricultural jobs.
C) widely accessible seed varieties.
D) organic foods.
E) environmental protection.

Question 61

From 19th century Europe to 21st century Tunisia,the high cost of food has often lead to ________ riots.

A) coffee
B) bread
C) meat
D) cheese
E) tobacco

Question 62

In recent years,Green Revolution scientists have

A) focused attention on developing colorful and snazzy-looking strains of wheat and corn.
B) engaged in little activity since their funding has dwindled to nothing.
C) entered the political arena to seek more hands-on control of agriculture in developing countries.
D) produced seeds for a widening variety of crops.
E) solved world hunger.

Question 63

Which region or country has benefited the least from the Green Revolution?

A) Africa
B) India
C) East Asia
D) Latin America
E) Mexico

Question 64

The "postmodern diet" is centered on

A) wheat and livestock.
B) fresh fruits and vegetables.
C) homeopathic herbs.
D) free-range chicken and hormone-free beef.
E) wheat and fresh fruits.

Question 65

Transhumance is least common in

A) Turkey.
B) Denmark.
C) northern Spain.
D) Greece.
E) North Africa.

Question 66

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring

A) identified the benefits of synthetic chemical pesticides.
B) led to the banning of DDT and other harmful chemicals in most industrialized nations.
C) led to international rules prohibiting the use of harmful pesticides in developing countries.
D) weakened the environmental awareness movement.
E) was written in the 1920s.

Question 67

Which phase of the third agricultural revolution affected agricultural outputs rather than inputs?

A) food manufacturing
B) chemical farming
C) mechanization
D) surplus production
E) modernization

Question 68

The alternative food movement that directly connects farmers with consumers,originated in Japan and is spreading throughout the core is

A) CSA.
B) GMO.
C) WTO.
D) NTAE.
E) BMI.

Question 69

Plantations,the Green Revolution,and the agricultural production of biofuels all promote

A) monoculture.
B) local foods.
C) intensive subsistence.
D) food security.
E) food self-sufficiency.

Question 70

Agricultural subsidies

A) are no longer used by the Canadian government.
B) are often achieved without spending money.
C) distort the true market value of the agricultural products being subsidized.
D) provide family farmers the opportunity to earn living wages from their farms.
E) have increased the Canadian farm population.

Question 71

The more one eats from the local food shed,the more one is likely to be a(n)

A) locavore.
B) omnivore.
C) vegetarian.
D) herbivore.
E) carnivore.

Question 72

Synthetic fertilizer use is least common in

A) Africa.
B) the United States.
C) Europe.
D) Asia.
E) Australia.

Question 73

The Green Revolution

A) has been an unqualified success.
B) began with the peace and environmental movement of the 1960s.
C) has led to only slight increases in crop yields.
D) has been most successful in Africa.
E) None of the above is true.

Question 74

In the middle of the eighteenth century in Europe,peasant agriculture was characterized by

A) communal farming practices borrowed from Russia.
B) an ever-tightening grip by feudal landlords on the peasants.
C) crop rotation that increased yields and soil fertility.
D) the first use of the tractor.
E) an increase in communal land.

Question 75

Richard and Maurice McDonald

A) invented the assembly-line style of industrial food preparation.
B) invented a new way to eat cheaply - the french fry.
C) popularized the hamburger with cheese.
D) did not agree with the concept of franchising.
E) developed the Speedee Service System in the 1930s.

Question 76

In a dry climate with cold winters,this grain would least likely be cultivated.

A) rice
B) wheat
C) barley
D) oats
E) corn

Question 77

When did the third agricultural revolution occur?

A) about 10,000 years ago
B) in the 19th century
C) in the 18th century
D) in the 20th century
E) It started with the introduction of GMOs.

Question 78

Which of the following dominates the food production process in core economies?

A) consumers
B) transnational corporations
C) government officials
D) agricultural workers
E) grocery store owners

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT a factor behind the last decade's rise in global food prices?

A) market speculation
B) government purchases of commodities for food aid
C) rising price of energy
D) rising consumer demand in the core
E) rising biofuel production

Question 80

The initial goal of Green Revolution scientists was to develop

A) more efficient irrigation systems.
B) more effective fertilizers.
C) higher-yielding seeds.
D) nontoxic pesticides.
E) training manuals in local languages of the periphery.