Deck 10: Urbanization

Question 1

The most urbanized continent in the world is

A) North America.
B) Asia.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Squatter settlements are an outcome of

A) overurbanization.
B) counterurbanization.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Natural disasters,environmental degradation and civil war have made Malawi (in East Africa)the world's

A) fastest-urbanizing country.
B) least-urbanized country.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

________ is generally considered a top-level World City.

A) Brussels, Belgium
B) Miami, USA

Question 5

The world's oldest cities are in today's

A) periphery countries.
B) core countries.

Question 6

Many of the largest cities in the world's periphery will double in the next ________ years.

A) 10-17
B) 1-2

Question 7

Spanish colonizers founded their early cities

A) on sites of Indian cities.
B) at gold and silver mines.

Question 8

In Canada,new immigrants,baby boomers,and young professionals are driving

A) reurbanization.
B) splintering urbanism.

Question 9

Istanbul (and Constantinople before that)is situated on a relatively narrow land bridge connecting Europe and Asia.Thus,it seems most likely to be a

A) gateway city.
B) colonial city.

Question 10

A country with a high level of urbanization means that

A) many people live in cities.
B) much of its area is composed of cities.

Question 11

Manchester,England and Chicago,USA are both examples of

A) shock cities.
B) ecclesiastical cities.

Question 12

The urban system of Canada is best characterized as a

A) functional hierarchy.
B) primate system.

Question 13

About 60% of the urban population in the world's periphery is attributable to

A) natural increase.
B) net in-migration.

Question 14

According to the rank size rule,the largest city in an urban system should have ________ people if the fourth largest city had 1 million.

A) 4 million
B) 2 million

Question 15

According to central place theory,

A) small settlements are closely spaced.
B) people travel far for inexpensive things.

Question 16

Which country has proportionally more people living in urban areas?

A) China
B) Canada

Question 17

Shock cities emerged with

A) industrialization.
B) colonialism.

Question 18

Decentralization and agglomeration in the ________ recently gave rise to the phenomenon of counterurbanization.

A) core
B) periphery

Question 19

Reurbanization of central cities in Canada has been driven largely by

A) new immigrants, baby boomers, and young professionals.
B) young professionals and the working class.

Question 20

________ are good examples of primate cities.

A) Paris and São Paulo
B) New York City and Toronto

Question 21

Central place theory explains the relative size and spacing of urban centers based on

A) markets & consumer behaviour.
B) government planning.
C) cultural differences.
D) natural resources.
E) urban ecology.

Question 22

European planning and construction of cities in the colonies was based on

A) European concepts and practices.
B) local environments and climate.
C) local cultures and preferences.
D) capitalist democratic principles.
E) building up local political and economic capacities.

Question 23

Manchester,England and Chicago,USA are both good examples of

A) shock cities.
B) gateway cities.
C) megacities.
D) colonial cities.
E) informal cities.

Question 24

Stockholm,Tallinn,Bergen,Riga and Lübeck were all members of this early merchant capitalist urban network of city-states around the North Sea and Baltic Sea Coasts.

A) Hanseatic League
B) National League

Question 25

The definition of urban used by the United Nations

A) is 1,000 people.
B) is 2,000 people.
C) is 10,000 people.
D) is 50,000 people.
E) varies by country.

Question 26

In contrast to 16th century Spanish colonizers that established military and administrative centers in the New World,Portuguese colonizers situated cities to

A) facilitate trade and commerce.
B) convert locals to Christianity.
C) replicate European lifestyles.
D) promote industrial development in the New World.
E) blend in as well as possible with the local environment and lifestyles.

Question 27

Primate cities are found in the world's

A) core countries.
B) peripheral countries.
C) core and peripheral countries.
D) North.
E) South.

Question 28

The Spanish urban system is dominated by

A) two cities of national scope (Madrid and Barcelona).
B) coastal cities (Bilbao, Valencia, Malaga).
C) the European Union.
D) Basque nationalists.
E) cities built around tourism and leisure activities.

Question 29

Chicago's explosive population growth of the late 19th century was due to industrialization and its excellent

A) geographic situation.
B) natural resources.
C) educational system.
D) political leadership.
E) social programs.

Question 30

Geographers are interested in urbanism as a

A) philosophy drawing people to urban settlements.
B) way of life that emerges in urban settings.
C) way of distinguishing refined and polite society from people of popular culture.
D) taxonomy by which cities in urban systems are categorized.
E) form of counterurbanization.

Question 31

The urbanized economies of a number of early empires (Mesopotamian and Roman)collapsed because of

A) labour shortages.
B) mismanagement.
C) changing trade routes.
D) imperialism.
E) technological innovations.

Question 32

The functional dominance (cultural,economic,political)of a city within an urban system is known as

A) centrality.
B) primacy.
C) overurbanization.
D) reurbanization.
E) urban imperialism.

Question 33

By the mid-19th century,Manchester,England was one of the world's leading industrial centers,built around the manufacture and export of

A) cotton textiles.
B) steel and trains.
C) luxury food items like sugar and tea.
D) steam and diesel engines.
E) kitchen ware.

Question 34

The interdependent relationship between cities and settlements of different sizes and functions within a given region is known as (an)

A) urbanization.
B) urbanism.
C) urban ecology.
D) urban system.
E) urban form.

Question 35

According to our text,urban growth in peripheral countries is a consequence of migration to cities,stimulated,largely,by the onset of

A) war.
B) drought and famine.
C) the demographic transition.
D) pollution and disease.
E) structural adjustment programs.

Question 36

According to statistics compiled by the United Nations,________ of the world's population today lives in cities.

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
E) 90%

Question 37

The European cities growing the fastest by the year 1700 were

A) Atlantic coast cities through which resources from the colonies came.
B) Mediterranean cities through which Silk Road products flowed.
C) Southern European cities which retained the Roman trade networks.
D) Scandinavian cities because of their humane social programs.
E) country capitals, due to migrant labour from the Middle East & North Africa.

Question 38

By the late 18th century and the Industrial Revolution,cities of Europe began to grow with rural to urban migration and

A) rising birth rates.
B) falling death rates.
C) importation of slaves.
D) migration from Asia.
E) migration from North America.

Question 39

North America is about 80% urbanized.This means that 80% of North American

A) cities contain 1 million or more people.
B) people live in cities.
C) territory is covered with urban structures like streets and commercial buildings.
D) resources are used in cities.
E) places are cities.

Question 40

The very first region of independent urbanism was in

A) the Middle East.
B) the Baltics.
C) the Andes.
D) the Pearl River Delta.
E) Europe's industrial core.

Question 41

Many of the world's megacities

A) hold half of the world's population.
B) are declining in population.
C) are more populated than about half of the countries in the United Nations.
D) follow the rank-size rule.
E) are gateway cities.

Question 42

________ occur(s)when cities grow faster than their ability to provide jobs,housing and other basic needs.

A) Overurbanization
B) Decentralization
C) Megacities
D) Deindustrialization
E) Counterurbanization

Question 43

Given that urban populations are growing at twice the general population growth-rate,it is likely that

A) urban areas have low unemployment.
B) urban areas have adequate housing.
C) there is a net movement of people from rural areas to urban areas.
D) people live better lives in urban areas than in rural areas.
E) rural areas have more employment opportunities than urban ones.

Question 44

The feudal system in early medieval Europe was characterized by

A) estates that were relatively self-sufficient.
B) highly developed and widely distributed urban areas.
C) a general lack of warfare.
D) strong central governments that ruled large areas.
E) supporting numerous large towns.

Question 45

Urban settlements

A) facilitate decision-making by public policymakers and private institutions.
B) increase the efficiency of economic activities.
C) increase the range of lifestyle choices of inhabitants.
D) generate innovation and the development of new knowledge.
E) do all of the above.

Question 46

Which of the following changes occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries that eventually led to the growth of urban areas in Europe and its colonies?

A) the Protestant Reformation
B) the Scientific Revolution
C) an increase in merchant capitalism
D) an increase in gateway cities.
E) all of the above

Question 47

The growth of cities in the nineteenth century was most closely linked with the

A) increased power of states.
B) increased size of states.
C) increased importance of industrialization.
D) decreased output of agriculture in rural areas.
E) increased amount of social services available in cities.

Question 48

Spanish colonial towns were established primarily to

A) spread Catholicism to the natives.
B) serve as administrative and military centers.
C) provide education to the natives.
D) exploit nearby natural resources.
E) serve as commercial centers.

Question 49

In 2025,7 of the 10 biggest cities in the world will be in

A) Asia.
B) Africa.
C) North America.
D) South America.
E) Europe.

Question 50

The physical structure and organization of cities is termed

A) urbanism.
B) urban form.
C) urban ecology.
D) urban system.
E) urban setting.

Question 51

Which of these factors was a significant cause of nineteenth-century urbanization in Europe?

A) drops in death rates
B) increase in labour supply
C) higher wages in urban areas
D) growth in population
E) all of the above

Question 52

Squatter settlements refer to residential housing

A) serving as transitional housing for recent immigrants to the city.
B) that takes place beyond the city limits.
C) on land neither owned or rented by its occupants.
D) in massive, multi-story, government-supported apartment blocks.
E) that emerges with reurbanization.

Question 53

The doubling time of some of the world periphery's largest,fastest growing cities is

A) 6-12 months.
B) 10-17 years.
C) 50-70 years.
D) 100-150 years.
E) 10-12 years.

Question 54

Most gateway cities were

A) ports.
B) located primarily in northern Germany and Scandinavia.
C) controlled by native elites.
D) in existence for at least a millennium.
E) located near bridges.

Question 55

During the Renaissance in Europe,these urban areas grew the fastest.

A) towns where French was the dominant language
B) port cities
C) cities in the interior of France and the German states
D) cities in Russia
E) towns with Spanish colonial ties

Question 56

By 1400,long-distance trading in Europe

A) dealt primarily with luxury goods.
B) dealt primarily with energy resources.
C) was dominated by Paris.
D) centered on port cities.
E) was minimal compared to trade with China and Spanish colonies.

Question 57

________ is an interdependent group of urban settlements in a given region.

A) An urban system
B) An urban form
C) An urban ecology
D) Urbanism
E) An urban setting

Question 58

In the 1970s and 1980s,the United States,Japan,Britain,and many other developed countries entered a period of ________,during which time there was a net loss of population from big cities to smaller towns and rural areas.

A) counterurbanization
B) reurbanization
C) overurbanization
D) splintering urbanism
E) urbanism

Question 59

Gecekondus (Turkey),favelas (Brazil),villas miserias (Argentina),callampas (Chile)all refer to urban

A) squatter settlements.
B) market places.
C) open spaces.
D) high rent neighbourhoods.
E) transportation networks.

Question 60

Urban geographers are quite interested in

A) how the identities of urban areas evolve.
B) relationships between urban areas and surrounding territory.
C) land-use within urban areas.
D) what attributes make towns and cities distinctive.
E) all of the above.

Question 61

Reasons for urban growth in peripheral countries include

A) population shifts caused by war.
B) deforestation in rural areas.
C) desertification in rural areas.
D) natural population increase.
E) all of the above.

Question 62

Which region has the largest percentage of its population living in urban regions?

A) North America
B) Latin America
C) Europe
D) Asia
E) Africa

Question 63

Counterurbanization

A) results in a much slower increase in population growth for cities.
B) is due in part to agglomeration economies.
C) is due in part to the increased accessibility of smaller towns and rural areas.
D) has been successful at shrinking the size of the world's megacities.
E) has only occurred in North America.

Question 64

The most important reason for Chicago's emergence and large size is

A) religious.
B) military.
C) political.
D) industrial.
E) social.

Question 65

Of the following regions,this one is the least urbanized.

A) Africa
B) Middle East
C) Latin America
D) Europe
E) North America

Question 66

Primacy

A) occurs only in core countries.
B) occurs only in peripheral countries.
C) occurs in both core and peripheral countries.
D) occurs only in semiperipheral countries.
E) has not occurred since World War II.

Question 67

Cities like Rio de Janeiro,Accra,Buenos Aires,Kolkata and other colonial cities emerged and grew due to

A) trade.
B) industrialization.
C) tourism.
D) war.
E) the rank-size rule.

Question 68

For decades since the middle of the 20th century,rural Chinese stayed in rural areas primarily because

A) of religious reasons.
B) they needed to stay there to take care of their elders.
C) they were obligated to stay under a centuries-old feudal system.
D) the government feared the transformative and liberating effects of cities.
E) of health reasons.

Question 69

Callampas,favelas and villas miserias in South America are the consequence of

A) overurbanization.
B) counterurbanization.
C) decentralization.
D) reurbanization.
E) urban decay.

Question 70

Central place theory holds that the size and spacing of urban areas is a function of

A) government planning.
B) historical development of religious centres.
C) where people go to purchase goods and services.
D) the specific types of economic activity in the overall area studied.
E) the site.

Question 71

In 2025 it is projected that the largest city will be in

A) North America.
B) Europe.
C) Latin America.
D) Africa.
E) Asia.

Question 72

Rapid urbanization is greatest in which of the following areas?

A) Africa
B) western Europe
C) China
D) South America
E) India

Question 73

This city was the shock city of European industrialization in the nineteenth century.

A) Venice, Italy
B) Manchester, England
C) Paris, France
D) Berlin, Germany
E) London, England

Question 74

In the first decade of the 21st century,cities in which region experienced decreased global connectivity?

A) the United States
B) Eastern Europe
C) China
D) South Asia
E) Mexico

Question 75

The Pearl River Delta is an extended metropolitan region of nearly 50 million people,encouraged by the Chinese government as an engine of economic growth and built around the already established economic success of

A) Hong Kong.
B) Beijing.
C) Shanghai.
D) Tokyo.
E) Nanjing.

Question 76

Urban growth in peripheral countries

A) often occurs at a rapid rate.
B) can lead to overurbanization.
C) usually is far in advance of industrial development in urban areas.
D) is due to a natural increase in the population.
E) involves all of the above.

Question 77

________ gave us a new kind of city,and many of them.These cities were based on assembling and processing raw materials and producing and distributing manufactured goods.

A) The Industrial Revolution
B) The Green Revolution
C) Central place theory
D) Overurbanization
E) Counterurbanization

Question 78

The economic activities not a part of the official record and that take place outside official systems of regulation or remuneration make up the ________ sector of the economy and tend to be an important part of urban economic life around the world.

A) informal
B) underground
C) black market
D) market
E) formal

Question 79

The most important functions of world cities have to do with

A) economic functions.
B) dissemination of global culture.
C) international politics and diplomacy.
D) the influential media they host.
E) the nongovernmental organizations headquartered in them.

Question 80

Following the rank-size rule,if the population of the largest city in a country or region is 1 million,the fourth-largest city should contain about this many people:

A) 500,000
B) 400,000
C) 250,000
D) 133,000
E) 100,000