Deck 5: Motivation

Question 1

Employees who feel a sense of equity are more emotionally attached to their firms and feel a stronger sense of obligation to remain.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

According to the equity theory,any imbalance in ratios triggers equity distress-an external tension that can only be alleviated by restoring balance to the ratios.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Sharon is considering her efficacy level for making a Thanksgiving dinner for 12 people.Sharon had watched her mother successfully make Thanksgiving dinners for over 20 people for the past 10 years.This is known as:

A)past accomplishments.
B)vicarious experiences.
C)verbal persuasion.
D)emotional cues.
E)instrumentality.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Profit sharing tends to have a stronger motivational effect on employee effort than individual incentives.

Question 5

Motivation is a critical consideration because job performance is a function of motivation and ability.

Question 6

Merit pay and profit sharing offer little in the way of difficult and specific goals.

Question 7

The efficacy of an individual can be dictated by all of the following EXCEPT:

A)past accomplishments.
B)vicarious experiences.
C)verbal persuasion.
D)valence of rewards.
E)emotional cues.

Question 8

The effects of specific and difficult goals are almost twice as strong on simple tasks as on complex tasks.

Question 9

People who feel a sense of internal self-confidence tend to outperform those who doubt their capabilities.

Question 10

The belief that a person has the capabilities needed to execute the behaviors required for task success is known as:

A)instrumentality.
B)valence.
C)equity.
D)complexity.
E)self-efficacy.

Question 11

Valences can be positive,negative,or zero.

Question 12

The set of energetic forces that originates both within and outside an employee is known as:

A)organizational commitment.
B)job satisfaction.
C)job performance.
D)motivation.
E)leadership.

Question 13

Instrumentality represents the belief that exerting a high level of effort will result in the successful performance of some task.

Question 14

Thomas is considering his efficacy level for making a Christmas dinner for 24 people.Thomas takes pride in his cooking skills and is always enthusiastic about cooking and entertaining dinner guests.Thomas's efficacy is dictated by which of these?

A)Past accomplishments
B)Vicarious experiences
C)Verbal persuasion
D)Emotional cues
E)Instrumentality

Question 15

Job performance is largely a function of:

A)motivation and emotions.
B)emotions and ability.
C)ability and expectations.
D)motivation and ability.
E)expectations and emotions.

Question 16

Maria is considering her efficacy level for making a Thanksgiving dinner for 30 people.If she is encouraged by friends and coworkers that she can complete the holiday meal successfully,that is known as:

A)past accomplishments.
B)vicarious experiences.
C)verbal persuasion.
D)equity distress.
E)instrumentality.

Question 17

Research suggests that women are more likely than men to view money as representing achievement,respect,and freedom.

Question 18

Expectancy is a subjective probability ranging from:

A)0 to 1.
B)1 to 5.
C)10 to 20.
D)-1 to +1.
E).5 to 1.5.

Question 19

Which of the following theories focuses most specifically on describing the cognitive process that employees go through to make choices among different voluntary responses?

A)Equity
B)Extrinsic
C)Expectancy
D)Goal setting
E)Psychological empowerment

Question 20

The belief that exerting a high level of effort will result in the successful performance of some task is known as:

A)instrumentality.
B)valence.
C)equity.
D)expectancy.
E)goal commitment.

Question 21

The anticipated value of the outcomes associated with performance is known as:

A)instrumentality.
B)valence.
C)equity.
D)expectancy.
E)self-efficacy.

Question 22

According to a survey of more than 10,000 employees,_____ percent viewed seniority as the key determinant of pay and _____ percent viewed successful performance as the key driver.

A)60;35
B)25;75
C)40;60
D)20;40
E)90;10

Question 23

Which of the following is an extrinsic outcome?

A)Praise
B)Interestingness
C)Accomplishment
D)Lack of boredom
E)Lack of frustration

Question 24

The belief that successful performance will result in some outcomes is known as:

A)instrumentality.
B)valence.
C)complexity.
D)expectancy.
E)self-efficacy.

Question 25

Don feels an internal tension that he is not getting the same rewards as his colleague.He believes that this situation can only be alleviated by restoring balance to the comparison ratios.This is known as:

A)equity distress.
B)comparison other.
C)cognitive distortion.
D)expectancy.
E)goal commitment.

Question 26

Motivation that is felt when task performance serves as its own reward is known as _______ motivation.

A)extrinsic
B)instrumental
C)intrinsic
D)efficacious
E)expectant

Question 27

Motivation that is controlled by some contingency that depends on task performance is known as _____ motivation.

A)control
B)extrinsic
C)intrinsic
D)expectant
E)efficacious

Question 28

According to the text,employees in which country prefer rewards allocated on the basis of merit?

A)China
B)Japan
C)Sweden
D)The United States
E)India

Question 29

The cognitive groupings of outcomes that are viewed as having critical psychological or physiological consequences are known as:

A)instrumentality.
B)valence.
C)equity.
D)expectancy.
E)needs.

Question 30

Concepts like difficulty and specificity are key aspects of which of the following theories?

A)Equity
B)Extrinsic
C)Expectancy
D)Goal setting
E)Psychological empowerment

Question 31

Kelly believes that if she successfully earns her MBA,she will be promoted to a midlevel executive manager position.She is therefore motivated to earn an MBA because of:

A)past accomplishments.
B)vicarious experiences.
C)verbal persuasion.
D)emotional cues.
E)instrumentality.

Question 32

The person who seems to provide an intuitive frame of reference for judging equity is known as the:

A)equity resolver.
B)comparison other.
C)cognitive distortion creator.
D)goals monitor.
E)goals supervisor.

Question 33

According to a survey of more than 10,000 employees,60 percent viewed _____ as the key determinant of pay and 35 percent viewed _____ as the key driver.

A)ability;knowledge
B)knowledge;performance
C)seniority;performance
D)performance;seniority
E)ability;emotional intelligence

Question 34

A form of intrinsic motivation rooted in the belief that work tasks contribute to some larger purpose is known as:

A)self efficacy.
B)goal commitment.
C)goal setting.
D)vicarious experience.
E)psychological empowerment.

Question 35

Which of the following refers to the learning plans and problem-solving approaches used to achieve successful performance?

A)Expectancy
B)Emotional cues
C)Vicarious experiences
D)Goal setting
E)Task strategies

Question 36

Kendra is more motivated when successful performance helps her attain attractive outcomes,such as bonuses,while helping her avoid unattractive outcomes such as terminations.Kendra's motivation is dependent on:

A)past accomplishments.
B)valence.
C)expectancy.
D)emotional cues.
E)instrumentality.

Question 37

Which theory acknowledges that motivation does not just depend on your own beliefs and circumstances but also on what happens to other people?

A)Equity
B)Extrinsic
C)Expectancy
D)Goal setting
E)Psychological empowerment

Question 38

In equity theory,rethinking your inputs to restore mental balance without altering your behavior in any way is known as:

A)equity distress.
B)instrumentality.
C)cognitive distortion.
D)internal comparisons.
E)external comparisons.

Question 39

Which of the following is an intrinsic outcome?

A)Praise
B)Support
C)Free time
D)Lack of disciplinary action
E)Lack of frustration

Question 40

The internalized goals that people use to monitor their own task progress are known as ______ goals.

A)organizational
B)self-set
C)comparison other
D)extrinsic
E)psychological empowerment

Question 41

April delegates work tasks to her employees rather than micromanaging them and she trusts her employees to come up with their own approach to certain tasks.April is attempting to instill a sense of _____ in her employees.

A)meaningfulness
B)self-determination
C)competence
D)expectancy
E)specificity

Question 42

David is a commercial financial analyst but wants to become a commercial lender,so he engages in self-directed learning,seeks out feedback from his managers,and manages his own workload.David is attempting to build his own _____ at his job.

A)meaningfulness
B)valence
C)competence
D)impact
E)specificity

Question 43

Define self-efficacy and identify and explain its determinants.

Question 44

Wendy's self-efficacy source appears to be:

A)past accomplishments.
B)vicarious experiences.
C)verbal persuasion.
D)emotional cues.
E)instrumentality.

Question 45

What is expectancy theory? Describe the three specific beliefs that the theory suggests our choices depend on.

Question 46

What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation? Give some examples of outcomes associated with each of these.Are you more motivated by extrinsic or intrinsic outcomes?

Question 47

Equity has a _____ effect on organizational commitment.

A)strong positive
B)weak positive
C)moderate negative
D)moderate positive
E)strong negative

Question 48

Mindy's self-efficacy source appears to be:

A)past accomplishments.
B)vicarious experiences.
C)verbal persuasion.
D)emotional cues.
E)instrumentality.

Question 49

Aaron's belief about effort and performance describes which of the following?

A)Expectancy
B)Equity
C)Valence
D)Instrumentality
E)Justness

Question 50

Define motivation.Explain the forces of motivation and the number of facets of an employee's work effort.

Question 51

Motivation has a _____ effect on job performance.

A)strong positive
B)moderate positive
C)weak positive
D)moderate negative
E)strong negative

Question 52

Cindy's self-efficacy source appears to be:

A)past accomplishments.
B)vicarious experiences.
C)verbal persuasion.
D)emotional cues.
E)instrumentality.

Question 53

Allan,the new Business School dean,has done a good job moving the Business School forward toward accreditation of its program.Allan has had _____ in school.

A)meaningfulness
B)self-determination
C)competence
D)impact
E)task complexity

Question 54

Equity has a _____ effect on citizenship behavior and a _____ effect on counterproductive behavior.

A)strong positive;strong negative
B)moderate positive;moderate negative
C)weak negative;moderate positive
D)moderate negative;strong negative
E)strong negative;moderate positive

Question 55

According to the text,the dimensions of psychological empowerment include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)meaningfulness.
B)self-determination.
C)competence.
D)impact.
E)needs.

Question 56

Stefana has loved working with the local Red Cross chapter for the last four summers.Because of its charitable nature,she probably views the job as high in:

A)meaningfulness.
B)self-determination.
C)competence.
D)expectancy.
E)expectation.

Question 57

Wendy's belief about exerting high level of effort describes which of these?

A)Valence
B)Equity
C)Expectancy
D)Instrumentality
E)Impartiality

Question 58

Aaron's focus on concepts such as difficulty and specificity are key aspects of which of the following theories?

A)Equity
B)Extrinsic
C)Goal setting
D)Expectancy
E)Psychological empowerment

Question 59

Cindy's belief about successfully teaching describes which of the following?

A)Valence
B)Equity
C)Expectancy
D)Instrumentality
E)Anticipation

Question 60

Identify and explain some factors that alter the effects of goal setting on task performance.