Deck 11: Climate

Question 1

Which of the following diseases is caused by exposure to human wastes?

A)Cholera
B)SARS
C)Ebola
D)Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following steps in risk assessment comes first?

A)Hazard identification
B)Risk characterization
C)Exposure assessment
D)Dose-response analysis

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Carcinogens may be difficult to identify and study because______________ .

A)cancer may be caused by chronic,long-term exposure
B)they are the least common of the toxic substances
C)they are rare in nature
D)there is no way to measure the carcinogenic potential of a substance

Answer 3

cancer may be caused by chronic,long-term exposure

Question 4

________________is transmitted by an insect.

A)Malaria
B)Cholera
C)H1N1
D)Ebola

Question 5

Mercury is not readily excreted but rather is stored in animal body tissues.This is an example of___________ .

A)bioaccumulation
B)toxification
C)distillation
D)biomagnification

Question 6

Exposure to______________ radiation can cause cancer.

A)X-ray
B)beta
C)alpha
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 7

In toxicology studies,the threshold level of a chemical is the dose of the chemical_________ .

A)above which at least 50% of the organisms being tested died
B)above which there is a measurable decline in the health of the organism being tested
C)below which at least 50% of the organisms being tested died
D)below which there is a measurable decline in the health of the organism being tested

Question 8

Concerned about the exposure of children to chlorine,staff running a public pool measure the exact concentration of the chlorine currently in the pool water.However,assuming the amount of water in the pool is unchanging,to accurately determine the dose of chlorine exposure,the staff must also know _____________.

A)the age of each child in the pool
B)how long each child is in the pool
C)why each child is in the pool
D)the manufacturer of the chlorine

Question 9

An_____________is defined as a chemical that causes birth defects.

A)toxin
B)endocrine disruptor
C)carcinogen
D)teratogen

Question 10

You should never store strong acids in metal containers because acids are______________ .

A)ignitable
B)corrosive
C)reactive
D)neurotoxic

Question 11

Which of the following is a neurotoxin shown to decrease IQ in children?

A)Lead
B)Asbestos
C)PCB
D)BPA

Question 12

Which of the following is an ecosystem service?

A)The Nature Conservancy buying sensitive land that lacks protection
B)Wetlands breaking down pesticides before they enter a waterway
C)Recycling aluminum in order to extend the life expectancy of bauxite ore
D)Cleaning up a hiking trail in Rocky Mountain National Park

Question 13

Picric acid is always stored wet,often in glass bottles in water.If the crystals dry out,they can explode.Therefore,picric acid demonstrates a high level of__________ .

A)toxicity
B)reactivity
C)corrosivity
D)ignitability

Question 14

Bisphenol A is ________________.

A)released from aerosol spray cans
B)an insecticide that has been banned in Europe but is still available in the United States
C)produced when fossil fuels are burned
D)an endocrine disruptor used in plastic manufacturing

Question 15

In toxicology studies,LD50 is best described as ________________.

A)the dose at which at least 50% of the exposed population is not affected by the toxicant
B)the dose at which 50% of an exposed population is killed
C)the dose at which 50% of an exposed population develops a chronic effect from the toxicant
D)the dose at which 50% of an exposed population develops disease

Question 16

Deforestation causes an increased risk of________ .

A)hurricanes
B)mudslides
C)cholera
D)malaria

Question 17

After initial testing on mice reveals that a new food coloring may be a carcinogen,researchers should next plan to examine the effects of different concentrations of the food coloring on mice in a type of____________ .

A)risk management
B)dose-response analysis
C)hazard identification
D)exposure assessment

Question 18

The H1N1 virus outbreak that circled the world in 2009 first arose in ___________.

A)pigs
B)humans
C)birds
D)mosquitoes

Question 19

Bisphenol A is most often found in________ .

A)glass
B)plastics
C)wood
D)metals

Question 20

A recent study indicated that more than 60% of human pathogens are zoonoses,meaning that they___________ .

A)originate in humans and spread to various species of animals
B)can be transmitted between animals and humans
C)are transmitted via the sinuses and respiratory tracts of animals
D)can infect any animal species

Question 21

How might global climate change cause an increase in cases of malaria?

A)Humans will migrate to cooler areas,spreading malaria to cooler areas of the globe.
B)Warmer temperatures will suppress human immune systems,so humans will be more susceptible to malaria.
C)Malaria is transmitted via human wastes,and it is more difficult to process human wastes in hot,dry environments.
D)Temperature increases may improve breeding conditions for disease-carrying mosquitoes.

Question 22

-The figure shows the results of a toxicology study done on mice.The LD50 is _________.

A)20 mg
B)30 mg
C)10 mg
D)5 mg

Question 23

Toxicology is the study of__________ .

A)intoxication of humans
B)the effects of toxins on human health
C)risks and hazards
D)the effects of toxins on the environment

Question 24

-The figure shows the results of a toxicology study done on mice.Which of the following is a valid explanation for the results for an intermediate dose?

A)Animal tests do not replicate actual environments where people may be simultaneously exposed to multiple chemicals that may interact with one another.
B)Some of the mice are given a greater dose of the substance than is given to other mice.
C)Age and genetic differences may have resulted in mice having different responses to the dose.
D)The intermediate dose was sufficiently toxic to kill all of the mice.

Question 25

A carcinogen's danger lies in its effect on ___________.

A)the ability to absorb nutrients in the wall of the intestines
B)oxygen-carrying red blood cells
C)the ability of the lining of the lungs to absorb oxygen
D)DNA

Question 26

_____________is the increased concentration of a chemical at each higher level of a food chain.

A)Bioaccumulation
B)Teratogenation
C)Intoxication
D)Biomagnification

Question 27

Of the following,for which would it be the most difficult to determine a discrete threshold level of exposure?

A)Drain cleaners
B)Carcinogens
C)Acids
D)Arsenic

Question 28

Hazardous chemicals that are endocrine disruptors cause abnormal events in __________.

A)growth,metabolism,and reproduction
B)development and functioning of the musculoskeletal system
C)vision,hearing,and taste
D)digestion and absorption of foods

Question 29

In cities,pollution most seriously affects______________ .

A)women
B)children and elderly citizens
C)those who are exposed to indoor air pollution from cooking fires
D)those who commute to work

Question 30

_____________can be defined as the probability of a harmful health impact.

A)Mortality
B)Risk
C)A hazard
D)Toxicity

Question 31

Explain and give an example of biomagnification.

Question 32

Bioaccumulation is the___________ .

A)total amount of chemicals stored in the tissues of living organisms
B)chemical change that occurs when substances are altered by the sun or metabolized by microorganisms
C)increase in a pollutant's concentration as it moves up a food chain
D)process by which chemicals are stored and concentrated in the tissues of living organisms

Question 33

Radioactive iodide gas released from the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986 has been linked to__________ .

A)pancreatic cancer
B)thyroid cancer
C)teratogenic birth defects
D)lung cancer

Question 34

-The figure shows the results of a toxicology study done on mice.The threshold of toxicity for this substance is approximately__________ .

A)8 mg
B)3 mg
C)20 mg
D)30 mg

Question 35

What does the field of environmental health encompass?

Question 36

Metals such as arsenic can quickly move through ecosystems because they______________ .

A)are soluble in water and are readily absorbed
B)quickly become incorporated into sugars and starch
C)quickly dissolve in the fats of animals
D)easily clump together and bind tightly to soil compounds