Deck 1: Convergence of Many Peoples: America Before 1600

Question 1

Beringia refers to

A)a culture of North American nomadic tribespeople.
B)the original migrants to North America.
C)a mythical city of gold sought by explorers.
D)a region that included a land bridge between two continents.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The Crow Creek Massacre

A)represents an anomaly of violence that puzzles scholars.
B)is evidence of the violence common among post-Cahokia villages.
C)is distinguished by the selective slaughter of children in an attempt to wipe out a future generation.
D)is a sign of a reverse in the trend of relatively peaceful Cahokia coexistence.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In North America,moundbuilding appeared first in what is now

A)Texas.
B)Louisiana.
C)Florida.
D)Alabama.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

At the time of Columbus's arrival,which region was the most densely populated?

A)Pacific Coast
B)Utah/Nevada
C)Mississippi Basin
D)the Southwest

Question 5

Scholars have been intrigued by the coincidence of the redevelopment of Cahokia and the

A)appearance of a supernovA.
B)demise of Chaco Canyon.
C)beginning of the agricultural revolution.
D)first cultivation of maize.

Question 6

Californians

A)enjoyed a more nutritious diet than the peoples in the eastern half of the continent.
B)produced impressive monumental architecture.
C)achieved a society with relatively little social stratification.
D)developed large chiefdoms.

Question 7

The demise of Cahokia in the 1300s

A)was largely due to the warming climate.
B)is generally blamed on the failure of three-crop agricultural practices.
C)has been conclusively determined to have been precipitated by a major earthquake.
D)was not only a local phenomenon.

Question 8

The backbone of the Pacific coast economy was

A)maize.
B)rice.
C)livestock.
D)fish.

Question 9

The Four Corners region

A)was gifted with several navigable rivers.
B)was arid and required large-scale irrigation.
C)became wetter with increased rains in the middle of the twelfth century.
D)saw dramatic population increases during the twelfth century.

Question 10

The powerful city-states of Mississippian civilization have which of the following in common?

A)striking social inequality
B)organized and sustained warfare
C)monumental architecture
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 11

Cahokia

A)was the site of the first moundbuilding culture.
B)refers to the Chaco Canyon civilization.
C)grew into a metropolitan center.
D)was located in the Four Corners region.

Question 12

The crop that became the foundation of the agricultural societies of Mexico and Central America was

A)rice.
B)wheat.
C)maize.
D)beans.

Question 13

Three sisters refers to

A)beans,squash,and corn.
B)beans,squash,and rice.
C)squash,corn,and rice.
D)rice,beans,and corn.

Question 14

Most of the Indian nations that Europeans encountered were

A)established during the apex of CahokiA.
B)characterized by the enslavement of females.
C)creations of the post-Mississippian dispersal.
D)centralized around villages that had sustained their existence over hundreds of years.

Question 15

The North Atlantic Warm Period from about 900 to 1300 led to

A)flooding and challenges to agricultural advancement.
B)harsh warmer climates that reduced populations.
C)denser living patterns that focused on hunting and gathering.
D)new variants of crops and more substantial building projects.

Question 16

Gaining knowledge of the peoples of the distant past in North America is more difficult than with some other cultures due to the fact that

A)rulers did not keep written records.
B)many of the cities were destroyed by the conquistadores.
C)artifacts and bones were not well preserved in the indigenous soil.
D)their cultures were much simpler.

Question 17

Compared to their ancestors in the Archaic era,Indians of the Mississippian era were more likely to have

A)lived longer lives.
B)died violently.
C)suffered from malnutrition.
D)been a member of an egalitarian community.

Question 18

Distant descendants of Siberian migrants lived in various regions and developed

A)distinct languages and religions.
B)a common language but distinct religions.
C)distinct languages but common religions.
D)a common language and religion.

Question 19

The peoples living in North America prior to Columbus's arrival in 1492 were descendants of migrants from

A)Europe.
B)South America.
C)Asia.
D)the Caribbean.

Question 20

When Western Europe experienced rising temperatures associated with the North Atlantic Warm Period,

A)agricultural production was not significantly affected.
B)it had the opposite effect on agricultural production to that experienced in North America.
C)a rise in productivity by not in population occurred.
D)a rise in productivity and population occurreD.

Question 21

The year 1492 is significant because

A)Columbus was appointed to sail for the Spanish Crown.
B)the Muslims were driven out of Granada.
C)the Jews were expelled from Spain.
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 22

Pedro Ýlvars Cabral stumbled on what would later be understood to be

A)VenezuelA.
B)Puerto Rico
C)Brazil.
D)Cuba.

Question 23

The Malian city of Timbuktu became

A)the heart of the kingdom of GhanA.
B)the site of the Portuguese Elmina Castle.
C)a significant center of Islamic learning.
D)the site of a well-known Christian university.

Question 24

The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494

A)authorized Spanish explorers to claim new lands in the name of the pope.
B)gave Spain rights to all new colonial claims.
C)divided the western Atlantic domains between Spain and Portugal.
D)defined the share of produce to be allotted to the indigenous people.

Question 25

The town of Potos' was known for its silver and also for its

A)very large population.
B)uncharacteristically lenient treatment of Indian laborers.
C)indigenous artisans and their exquisite hand crafts.
D)fierce resistance to Spanish attacks.

Question 26

The kingdom of Ghana controlled a significant empire

A)until the fifth century.
B)from the eighth century onward.
C)in the thirteenth century.
D)from the fifteenth century onwarD.

Question 27

On his return to Hispaniola,Columbus found that

A)the Tainos had subjected his men to forced labor.
B)the soldiers he had left behind had been killed.
C)the local population welcomed him back with great expectation.
D)disease had ravaged the men who had stayed behinD.

Question 28

The Crusades were in part designed to

A)eliminate Islam from the earth.
B)wrest control of Jerusalem from Muslims.
C)clear a path for commerce between the east and west.
D)rescue captive Christians in the Middle East.

Question 29

The Reconquista was the

A)crusaders' attempt to regain Jerusalem.
B)campaign of the Catholic Church to eliminate Jews from Western Europe.
C)retaking of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslims.
D)papal domination of Latin Christendom.

Question 30

Most of the islands taken by Portugal were

A)Muslim.
B)uninhabited.
C)populated by indigenous peoples.
D)already ChristianizeD.

Question 31

Adelantados were men used by the Spanish kingdom of Castile to

A)spread the Christian faith throughout regions controlled by Spain.
B)reclaim the Holy Lands for the Catholic Church.
C)organize and fund raids on the Canary Islands and elsewhere.
D)drive the Muslims out of the city of Ceuta.

Question 32

Columbus's greatest advantage lay in

A)his seafaring experience.
B)the accuracy of his geographic calculations.
C)his crucial understanding of the location of Japan.
D)his success in wooing financial support from European monarchs.

Question 33

Compared to North America,the colder temperatures of the Little Ice Age had ________ effect on Europe.

A)a more devastating
B)a milder
C)a similar
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 34

Francisco Pizarro is best known for

A)the invasion and destruction of Tenochtitlán.
B)the creation of the encomienda system.
C)the defeat of the Incas.
D)authoring the Requerimiento.

Question 35

The colony of Saö Tome represented

A)one of the few settlements in which Christians and Muslims lived peacefully together.
B)a haven for Jewish settlers.
C)Portugal's most lucrative trading outpost.
D)the real beginning of large-scale African slavery.

Question 36

Instability in England and France during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries

A)led to political fragmentation.
B)triggered a crisis in religious practice and belief.
C)dispersed people from urban centers to smaller villages.
D)drew people to the cities.

Question 37

In his seafaring projects,Prince Henry the Navigator's motivation was mainly

A)religious.
B)economic.
C)political.
D)social.

Question 38

Bartolomeu Dias

A)established the colony of Principe.
B)sailed around the Cape of Good Hope.
C)sailed to India.
D)led the reconquest of the Canary Islands.

Question 39

The most valuable resource that Columbus brought back to Spain was represented by

A)parrots.
B)colorful masks.
C)gold.
D)seven Taino men.

Question 40

The explorer who crossed the Isthmus of Panama and sent back reports of a large sea on the other side was

A)Vasco Nú-ez de BalboA.
B)Ferdinand Magellan.
C)Christopher Columbus.
D)Bartolomeu Dias.

Question 41

Describe the causes and effects of the agricultural revolution that occurred around the tenth century CE.

Question 42

What were the motivations for European colonization of the New World?

Question 43

The most striking demographic change that accompanied the Columbian exchange was the

A)mass death from disease.
B)influx of Spanish newcomers.
C)new mestizo population.
D)growth of the Indian populations.

Question 44

Describe the advance and character of Islam in West Africa.

Question 45

The two products that held religious and social importance among the Aztecs and also developed special significance to Europeans on the other side of the Atlantic were

A)sugar and cacao.
B)tobacco and cacao.
C)silver and gold.
D)gold and tobacco.

Question 46

How did the Columbian exchange forever change both Europe and the New World?

Question 47

Compare and contrast the cultures of the Four Corners Region with those of the Mississippian civilization.

Question 48

The Little Ice Age significantly affected the history of people on both sides of the Atlantic.How did the effects of this period of climate change differ between North America and Europe?

Question 49

Explain the Spanish approach to conquest and colonization.

Question 50

The first to build colonies in what would later become the United States were the Huguenots,who were

A)Protestants from England.
B)Catholics from France.
C)Protestants from France.
D)Catholics from EnglanD.

Question 51

During the first half of the sixteenth century,France and England found that the most gain across the Atlantic could be had by

A)exploiting the fisheries in CanadA.
B)establishing colonies in North America.
C)attacking Spanish ships.
D)engaging in slave trade.

Question 52

Missionaries in North America noticed that Indians who spent time with them tended to

A)reject Christianity.
B)gradually warm to the Christian faith.
C)rapidly adopt European customs.
D)die.

Question 53

During the later sixteenth century,the English defended their piracy as

A)an assault against Catholicism.
B)revenge for their naval defeat in 1588.
C)an honorable crusade against Muslim warships.
D)an attempt to gain a foothold in the New WorlD.

Question 54

The Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazano was hired by

A)Spain.
B)England.
C)Portugal.
D)France.

Question 55

The settlement of Roanoke

A)incited the Spanish to colonize FloridA.
B)established the first English stronghold in North America.
C)ended in failure,with all the colonists dead.
D)encouraged the French to begin colonial efforts in Canada.

Question 56

The English viewed the Irish as enemies,but they saw them differently than they saw the Spanish,in that they believed that Ireland's indigenous population was

A)Protestant.
B)uncivilized.
C)an economic competitor.
D)heathen.

Question 57

The Protestant Reformation

A)rejected centuries of accumulated religious tradition.
B)united the northern and southern countries of Western Europe.
C)began as a controversy over Spanish domination of the Americas.
D)was resisted in EnglanD.