Deck 10: Market Society and the Birth of Mass Politics, 1825-1844

Question 1

At the beginning of the nineteenth century most ordinary Americans were unable to affect the course of political events as

A)voters.
B)soldiers.
C)consumers.
D)rioters.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Panic of 1837 was seen by many at the time as

A)a byproduct of the policies of Biddle's bank.
B)a relatively minor financial downturn.
C)the beginning of the end of the republiC.
D)the result of the Democrats' mismanagement of the economy.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The primary beneficiary of the Peggy Eaton affair was

A)Martin Van Buren.
B)Peggy Eaton.
C)Andrew Jackson.
D)John Calhoun.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT one of the four viable candidates in the election of 1824?

A)Andrew Jackson
B)William Crawford
C)John Calhoun
D)John Quincy Adams

Question 5

Universal manhood suffrage meant that

A)everyone got to vote.
B)free males above a certain age but of all classes could vote.
C)males of all ages could vote.
D)one got to vote by virtue of being a man,regardless of race.

Question 6

When federal money was redeposited in many state-chartered banks,

A)private banks printed more money.
B)more risky loans were approved by private banks.
C)speculative lending increased.
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 7

The authorization of the Force Bill led to

A)a compromise on the tariff issue worked out by John Calhoun.
B)the declaration of the South Carolina legislature that the tariff law would no longer be enforced.
C)the use of military force against South Carolina.
D)the ordering of warships to Charleston harbor.

Question 8

Once in office,Jackson's major contribution to the new party system was the

A)building of a new national coalition to replace the Federalist Party.
B)practice of using government patronage to reward partisan loyalty.
C)elimination of congressional caucuses for presidential candidate selection.
D)vast program of internal improvements.

Question 9

In the "corrupt bargain" of 1824,

A)William Crawford threw his support to John Quincy Adams.
B)William Crawford threw his support to Andrew Jackson.
C)Henry Clay threw his support to Andrew Jackson.
D)Henry Clay threw his support to John Quincy Adams.

Question 10

In his veto message over the bank,Jackson

A)complained that it printed banknotes and created money out of nothing.
B)objected to it because it made it harder for other banks to print money.
C)called it an unfair monopoly that exacerbated the division between rich and poor.
D)derided it as a populist money machine.

Question 11

The foremost advocate of the Second Bank of the United States was

A)Nicholas Biddle.
B)Martin Van Buren.
C)Henry Clay.
D)John Calhoun.

Question 12

In his opposition to the Second Bank of the United States,Jackson argued that

A)it concentrated power in a private corporation.
B)it violated the Constitution.
C)it was mismanaged and ineffective.
D)the economy was suffering as a result of its policies.

Question 13

Which was NOT one of John Quincy Adams's disadvantages in the election of 1828?

A)the army of newspapers friendly to Jackson
B)the perception that he was an elitist
C)the charge of having entered the White House through a backroom deal
D)his grand vision for expanding national government

Question 14

Over the course of the nineteenth century

A)states expanded the number of elected government positions.
B)several older states expanded the electorate.
C)new states that entered the union adopted laxer voting requirements.
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 15

Jacksonian Democracy could best be described as

A)politics as an activity reserved for the wealthy and prominent.
B)a period of peaceful political action.
C)a time of low voter turnout.
D)passionate political loyalty and identification.

Question 16

The so-called Tariff of Abominations

A)was opposed by President Jackson.
B)resulted in higher prices on manufactured goods.
C)improved commerce with Great Britain.
D)benefitted southern farmers and plantation owners.

Question 17

The common observation of foreign onlookers about America was that it

A)was an egalitarian society.
B)had developed a social hierarchy similar to that of Europe.
C)had created economic problems for itself through its banking system.
D)was a utopian community.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true of Andrew Jackson's background?

A)became a lawyer
B)successful land speculator
C)entered politics after the War of 1812
D)plantation owner with over 100 slaves

Question 19

The nullification crisis centered around Calhoun's doctrine,which stated that

A)the federal government could use military force against a state if necessary.
B)the federal government could nullify any state law it deemed unconstitutional.
C)an individual state retained the right to nullify any federal law it deemed unconstitutional.
D)an individual state could use military force against the federal government if necessary.

Question 20

In an attempt to destroy the bank,Jackson

A)fired Biddle.
B)ordered that the federal government withdraw its money from the bank.
C)expanded the amount of paper money in circulation.
D)called in loans and raised interest rates.

Question 21

All of the nine major American cities that grew to over 100,000 by the 1860 census were

A)located on the Atlantic coast.
B)located in the North.
C)connected by government-maintained highways.
D)connected through the national network of water transport.

Question 22

Both the Whigs and the Democrats were committed to

A)using federal power for territorial acquisition.
B)embracing the evangelical values of the Benevolent Empire.
C)national expansion.
D)federal interventions in the economy.

Question 23

Much of the growth of the American economy between 1820 and 1850 was enabled by

A)new roads.
B)major rivers and lakes.
C)artificial waterways.
D)railroads.

Question 24

Mass participation in electoral politics can be explained by all of the following EXCEPT the

A)much higher proportions of eligible voters.
B)boisterous enthusiasm for politics.
C)electoral college system.
D)intense party loyalty.

Question 25

Which state experienced an economic boom from the Erie Canal?

A)New Jersey
B)New York
C)Michigan
D)Ohio

Question 26

Part of what made the Second Party System so stable and powerful in this period was the fact that the Whigs and the Democrats

A)more or less held the same positions on critical issues.
B)had similar constituencies.
C)were both strong enough to make elections nationally competitive.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 27

Which of the following developments in American life coincided with the rise of mass politics?

A)decline in political participation
B)the growth of cities
C)laissez-faire economics
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 28

The ________ were the first political party to solidify under the Second Party System.

A)Republicans
B)Whigs
C)Anti Masons
D)Democrats

Question 29

Which of the following was NOT one of the items typically printed as campaign material?

A)candidate speeches
B)candidate genealogies
C)rebuttals to rivals' claims
D)candidates' life stories

Question 30

Which of the following best describes voting during the 1840s?

A)sober and private
B)festive and public
C)sober and public
D)festive but private

Question 31

A candidate for mayor of a big city might have typically been a

A)businessman.
B)boxer.
C)fire-fighter.
D)saloon-keeper.

Question 32

In her 1839 novel,Caroline Kirkland

A)made a case for women's suffrage.
B)sympathized with the plight of Native Americans.
C)criticized the crude masculine world of politics.
D)praised the American way of rural living.

Question 33

Election day activities during the 1840s often included all of the following EXCEPT

A)women enlisted to recruit voters.
B)high-pitched emotional speeches.
C)violence.
D)alcohol consumption.

Question 34

Which of the following major innovations in city life was spurred on by the introduction of gaslight?

A)commercial nightlife
B)the horse-drawn omnibus
C)the penny press
D)unionization

Question 35

The unifying theme of the Whig Party was

A)their opposition to the excesses of executive power.
B)that the country would be better served by competition between two large political parties.
C)the practice of holding national conventions to set the party's platform.
D)their message of transparent government.

Question 36

Which of the following was NOT one of the many recognized signs of privilege adopted by ordinary American citizens during the second quarter of the nineteenth century?

A)clean clothing
B)protein-heavy diets
C)domesticated pets
D)literacy

Question 37

The Erie Canal was crucial to the development of a domestic market within the U.S.for

A)agricultural products.
B)farm equipment.
C)American-made clothing.
D)meat products.

Question 38

Industrialization simply meant

A)machines and factories.
B)a national network of regular commercial exchange.
C)the reorganization of the production process through the division of labor.
D)large,impersonal metropolises.

Question 39

Communication was dramatically improved in the 1830s and 1840s by all of the following EXCEPT

A)paved roads.
B)a national railroad system.
C)steam-powered riverboats.
D)government-contracted mail carriages.

Question 40

Political party bosses often rose from the ranks of all the following EXCEPT

A)saloon-keepers.
B)boxers.
C)firefighters.
D)prominent merchants.

Question 41

Describe what political participation looked like during this period.Who was involved and how did they participate?

Question 42

The Second Great Awakening proved especially empowering for

A)children.
B)minorities.
C)immigrants.
D)women.

Question 43

Summarize the religious movements associated with the Second Great Awakening.

Question 44

Part of western New York came to be known as the Burned-Over District because of the

A)rampant uncontained fires of 1830.
B)coal production of that region.
C)surge of economic activity there in the 1830s.
D)religious enthusiasm that blazed through the canal region.

Question 45

By the 1840s,unions and their political supporters

A)established a strong political labor party.
B)succeeded in establishing a ten-hour norm.
C)launched the General Trades Union.
D)succeeded in establishing an eight-hour work day.

Question 46

The Waltham-Lowell system employed mostly

A)married men and women in textile factories.
B)children in textile factories.
C)single women in textile factories.
D)single men in textile factories.

Question 47

During the first half of the nineteenth century newspapers were generally

A)information arms of state governments.
B)published by the federal government.
C)founded by national political parties.
D)private for-profit business ventures.

Question 48

Which of the following contributed to the creation of the new urban environment during the years 1825-1835?

A)fixed-route public transit
B)the horse-drawn omnibus
C)street railway cars
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 49

What characterized the Second Party System? Compare the Whig Party to that of the Democrats.

Question 50

Examine the relationship between and impact of the growth of commerce,transportation and communication,and the emergence of big cities.

Question 51

Visitors to the U.S.took notice of the new phenomenon of the urban crowd,which referred to

A)the diversity of city inhabitants.
B)the way cities spread in their growth process.
C)the alienation of modern living.
D)frequent mob violence.

Question 52

Analyze the process that occurred during the first quarter of the nineteenth century in which the electorate was expanded.

Question 53

Explain the key events of Andrew Jackson's presidency.

Question 54

The effects of deskilling and tighter managerial control included

A)some elite craftsmen becoming wage laborers.
B)increasing artisans' expectations for advancement within an occupation.
C)the tendency for many urban workers to identify more with the masters in their own trade.
D)strengthening the association between manual labor and one's life calling.

Question 55

Who of the following was NOT considered a proponent of millennialism?

A)Joseph Smith
B)Mordecai Manual Noah
C)William Miller
D)Robert Matthews,the Prophet Matthias

Question 56

The Book of Mormon describes the

A)life of Joseph Smith.
B)social and economic struggles of farmers hoping to restore a world of patriarchy and community.
C)flight of a tribe of ancient Hebrews to the New World.
D)establishment of Ararat by Mordecai Manual Noah.

Question 57

Evaluate how the battle over the Second Bank of the United States contributed to the Panic of 1873.