Deck 20: The Progressive Era, 1896-1914

Question 1

Frederick W.Taylor's time and motion studies

A)were used to reduce job-related injuries due to overly repetitive activities.
B)addressed the problems associated with workers' decreasing productivity due to the monotony of doing a single,repetitive task.
C)centered on reducing labor costs by breaking down the production process into more focused and monotonous tasks.
D)were greeted enthusiastically by workers who believed their jobs would be easier.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Second- and third-generation immigrants

A)were most eager to associate with their home country,as they rejected American culture.
B)had difficulty assimilating,as they continued to use their native language in schools and at home.
C)tried to distance themselves from the old-fashioned ways of their parents through the American "consumer culture."
D)clung to their traditional culture through music and theater.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT true regarding entertainment in the Progressive Era?

A)Increased leisure time and money enabled working-class people to enjoy entertainment.
B)World's fairs offered millions of visitors exotic sights from around the world.
C)Women and youths were not allowed to attend fairs,concerts,and plays without adult male supervision.
D)Theater was the most popular entertainment,as evidenced by the fact that New York had more theaters than any other city in the worlD.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following statements is NOT true of immigration in the Progressive Era?

A)U.S.companies sent recruiters to economically hard-hit parts of Europe hoping to find cheap sources of labor.
B)A large number of immigrants came to the United States with intentions of returning to their countries of origin to pay off debts at home.
C)The failure of countries in southern and eastern Europe to industrialize led many skilled workers to look for jobs in the United States.
D)Some immigrants,such as Russian Jews,came to the United States for religious freedom and social equality.

Question 5

Who was Jack Johnson?

A)an African American who sued a Los Angeles theater that would not allow him to sit on the first floor
B)an African Americans boxer who became heavyweight champion but experienced discrimination
C)an African American ragtime musician
D)a vaudevillian actor famous for portraying and ridiculing African Americans

Question 6

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe Henry Ford's assembly line?

A)It allowed Ford to go from producing a few thousand cars to hundreds of thousands of cars a year.
B)It allowed Ford to replace skilled workers with cheaper operatives.
C)Assembly line workers were paid extremely low wages for the time.
D)There was a high turnover,as workers tended to "burn out" quickly.

Question 7

Which of these statements best describes the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)?

A)The IWW was known for its racist,nationalistic stances that were a result of losing jobs to newly arrived immigrants and African Americans who moved north in search of work.
B)The IWW was less radical than most other labor organizations.
C)The IWW aimed to build one big union to wage an international revolution under the motto of "An injury to one is an injury to all."
D)The IWW was bitterly opposed to the radicalism of socialism and Marxism.

Question 8

The biggest "boost" to the economy during the Progressive Era came from

A)increased agricultural production.
B)manufacturing.
C)foreign investment.
D)expansion of the housing market.

Question 9

Rural Americans left farm work for life in the city for all these reasons EXCEPT

A)the lure of excitement and fresh opportunity in the city.
B)the decrease in land under cultivation and lower agricultural output.
C)lack of opportunity for yeoman farmers due to large-scale commercial farming.
D)African Americans leaving the hardships of tenant farming and discrimination in the South.

Question 10

New immigrants relied on which of the following in helping to adjust to their new country?

A)kinship networks and cultural institutions
B)agencies of the federal government
C)Protestant charitable organizations
D)the companies that recruited them for work

Question 11

What best describes the integration of new immigrants into American society?

A)Immigrants avoided use of their original language in order to improve their English skills.
B)Immigrants from all backgrounds were united by their religious similarities.
C)Immigrants attended English-only theaters to learn about Anglo-American culture.
D)Immigrants clung to their home culture through religious and cultural institutions.

Question 12

Which of these groups were most likely to be members of the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?

A)unskilled laborers in factories
B)women
C)new immigrants
D)skilled laborers

Question 13

The majority of new immigrants to the United States between the years of 1890 and 1914 came from

A)Mexico and Central AmericA.
B)Japan and other countries in Asia.
C)Great Britain and Germany.
D)eastern and southern Europe.

Question 14

The U.S.Steel Corporation is a good example of a company that

A)was formed from the dismantling of Carnegie Steel due to progressive anti-monopoly legislation.
B)used consolidation,mergers,and integration to obtain a near monopoly of an entire industry.
C)willfully dismantled its monopoly in an effort to promote a progressive sense of fair play in business.
D)was run by the United States government.

Question 15

What happened to city populations during the Progressive Era?

A)The population of most cities fell as people left their miserable living conditions.
B)The population of cities grew slowly in a similar pattern to overall population growth.
C)The population of cities exploded due to rural Americans moving to cities and a great influx of immigrants.
D)The population of most cities grew some,but was held in check due to immigration quotas.

Question 16

Who was the leader of the Socialist Party during the Progressive Era?

A)Eugene Debs
B)Samuel Gompers
C)Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
D)Terrence Powderly

Question 17

What statement best describes the United States' industrial output during the Progressive Era in comparison with other industrial countries?

A)The United States' industrial output was greater than that of most other countries but lagged behind Great Britain,France,and Germany.
B)The United States had about the same industrial output as Great Britain.
C)The United States' industrial output was much lower than that of most other industrialized countries.
D)The United States' industrial output was greater than that of Great Britain,France,and Germany combineD.

Question 18

Systematic management emerged as way to deal with the problems associated with

A)coordinating increasingly complex and geographically dispersed businesses.
B)price competition.
C)relying on standard written procedures rather than the habits,talents,knowledge,and personal connections of individual employees.
D)antiquated accounting practices.

Question 19

Thomas Edison's contribution to the entertainment industry was

A)in funding ethnic theaters for immigrants.
B)his work in developing the movie projector.
C)his invention of neon-light signs that attracted people to theaters.
D)the opening of his Nickelodeon theater in Pittsburg.

Question 20

African Americans in the South who moved from the country to the city

A)found urban white southerners much more tolerant than their rural counterparts.
B)saw their lives greatly improved as they found true freedom and equality in the cities.
C)were at first resented by their white neighbors,but as their communities grew and prospered they were accepted as equal members of society.
D)found that southern cities offered the same segregation,discrimination,and intimidation they experienced in rural settings.

Question 21

All of the following were features of the urban setting EXCEPT

A)skyscrapers piercing the urban skyline.
B)thousands of people using public transportation.
C)empty urban "ghettos" as racial minorities left for the suburbs.
D)bright,electric lights used in dazzling advertisements.

Question 22

The National Consumers League (NCL)

A)tried to convince women to use their power as consumers to advance the cause of labor reform.
B)worked to inform the public of dangerous consumer goods.
C)advanced the cause of suffrage for all people and encouraged consumers to boycott all businesses that would not post signs supporting the cause.
D)tried to legalize the right of women to work longer than eight hours per day in order to receive overtime pay.

Question 23

Emma Goldman was

A)a Protestant preacher's wife who traveled the country promoting temperance and a return to traditional morality.
B)a radical feminist immigrant who toured the country as a champion of free speech,free love,modern dance and theater,and labor rights.
C)an immigrant who warned Americans of the anarchist ways of Europeans that could infiltrate the country.
D)known for establishing houses in Chicago to help the poor and disableD.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT true about urban middle-class women in the Progressive Era?

A)There were increasing educational opportunities available for them,including all-women's colleges.
B)Women were more likely to get married,and therefore the birthrate increased.
C)Although traditional roles remained entrenched in the attitudes of many,women sought more fulfilling careers and recreational opportunities.
D)New household appliances,packaged foods,and ready-made clothing lightened a woman's workloaD.

Question 25

Social surveys and the mapping of poor ethnic neighborhoods were used

A)by governments to place police stations to address the problem of high crime rates.
B)by Protestant reformers to find recreational,educational,and welfare centers where they could evangelize.
C)to establish ethnic churches and synagogues.
D)to establish native-language public schools.

Question 26

Middle-class men in the urban setting

A)felt empowered in their new situation.
B)were encouraged that their children could be more nurtured by their mothers in the city.
C)joined boxing and hunting clubs in order to affirm their masculinity.
D)encouraged their sons to join educational and cultural clubs.

Question 27

The Prohibition movement

A)brought about the end of alcohol production and sales before World War I,when it was then repealed.
B)focused on the consumption of high-alcohol-content liquor,such as whiskey and vodka,but did not oppose wine shops and beer gardens.
C)was opposed by most progressives as being overly intrusive into personal liberty.
D)resulted in major "culture clashes" with many immigrant groups,as drinking establishments were considered by them to be important communal institutions.

Question 28

Progressive reformers thought those best-suited to carry out programs to deal with society's problems were

A)trained professionals using rational analysis and practical tools.
B)women,who could do the job through their inherent nurturing abilities,rather than needing to train and educate individuals.
C)newly arrived immigrants who could help implement European programs with which they were familiar.
D)the clergy,as their spiritual guidance would ensure success.

Question 29

Real estate covenants were

A)pledges that whites would not sell or rent their homes to persons of color.
B)pledges by immigrants that they would only sell to people of similar nationality.
C)overturned in courts as a violation of civil rights.
D)promises to put an end to segregation in urban neighborhoods

Question 30

Which of the following statements best describes the situation between new immigrants and northern,urban African Americans?

A)New immigrants were considered "black," as many came from southern Europe.
B)New immigrants and African Americans forged an alliance,as they faced similar problems.
C)New immigrants were eager to gain "white" status and took over some professions traditionally held by African Americans.
D)New immigrants worked with African Americans to force the American Federation of Labor to accept both groups as members.

Question 31

George E.Waring was responsible for all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)design and oversight of the creation of Central Park in New York
B)organization of the army of street cleaners called the White Wings
C)design of the sewer system of Memphis,Tennessee
D)initiation of a recycling program

Question 32

Which of the following was NOT used by progressive reformers to promote their causes?

A)novels
B)documentary movies
C)radio programs
D)magazines

Question 33

Upton Sinclair's novel,The Jungle,

A)told adventurous tales of the Amazon.
B)gave an alarming account of practices used in the meat processing industry.
C)described the difficult task of public school teachers.
D)while sensational,had little impact on public policy.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the impact of European ideas on the American progressive reform movement?

A)Some reformers traveled to Europe to attend graduate school and brought back ideas on economic and social programs.
B)Progressive reformers found social programs in Europe that provided a "safety net" for society's most vulnerable members.
C)Most reformers found little similarity between the problems of European and American cities and determined they would have to develop innovative programs that dealt with uniquely American issues.
D)Reformers called upon Republicans and Democrats to adopt the programs they had learned about in Europe

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true of women's suffrage?

A)No states allowed women to vote until a national constitutional amendment was passed.
B)Progressive northeastern states,such as New York and Massachusetts,were the first to allow women to vote.
C)Midwestern and western states,such as Colorado and California,were the first to give women the right to vote.
D)Southern states,such as Alabama and Georgia,were the first to give women the right to vote.

Question 36

Some evangelical Protestant clergy preached the Social Gospel,which taught that

A)poverty and unemployment were the result of personal failings.
B)good Christians should avoid contact with lower classes,as they would be tempted by their immorality.
C)wealth was a sign of God's approval of a person's work and lifestyle.
D)salvation would be denied to those who ignored the poverty of their fellow man.

Question 37

One of the leading organizations promoting prohibition was the

A)American League of Suffragettes.
B)Women's Christian Temperance Union.
C)Muckrakers' Association.
D)Progressive Prohibition Union.

Question 38

Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives

A)celebrated the life of wealthy and famous Americans.
B)was popular among immigrants who wanted to read stories about life in their home countries.
C)was an exposé on tenement life in New York.
D)told how poor Americans could rise to the top level of society through hard work and thrift.

Question 39

The most successful progressive publicists,journalists,and photojournalists who exposed corruption in government and the horrors of poverty were called

A)the McClures.
B)suffragettes.
C)wobblies.
D)muckrakers.

Question 40

What allowed people to move to the suburbs and still be able to work in the city at the beginning of the twentieth century?

A)the growing number of automobiles owned by families
B)horse-drawn streetcars
C)canals
D)electric streetcars and subways

Question 41

Explain what is meant by Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom,and discuss how this relates to Wilson the progressive reformer and Wilson the traditional southerner.

Question 42

Discuss the different types of entertainment enjoyed during the Progressive Era,and explain what made it possible for individuals to take advantage of entertainment opportunities.

Question 43

The most significant progressive accomplishments during the Taft years were

A)achieved by the success of new third parties that gained influence in Congress.
B)achieved by constitutional amendments rather than legislation proposed by the president.
C)the overturning of legislation that limited the number of hours women could work and that prohibited child labor.
D)achieved through Taft's ability to unite the Republican Party and increase its majority in Congress.

Question 44

What was Roosevelt's response to Congress's passage of the Meat Inspection Act and The Pure Food and Drug Act?

A)He vetoed them because they went beyond Congress's power over interstate commerce.
B)He enthusiastically backed the measures,especially since there was a fear other countries might ban the importation of American meat products.
C)He blamed Upton Sinclair's book for causing unnecessary hysteria among the publiC.
D)He gave unenthusiastic support and asserted that the Food and Drug Administration gave the federal government too much power.

Question 45

Progressives believed those best suited to run government were

A)career politicians.
B)experts and professionals who could serve on citizen commissions or serve as city managers and would run the government efficiently.
C)politicians produced by political machines,such as Tammany Hall,as their goal was to serve the less fortunate.
D)activists,advocates,and social workers who would break the business model used by most city governments.

Question 46

Woodrow Wilson won the presidential election in 1912

A)due to the support of the many progressive Republicans in the South.
B)by denouncing the radical progressivism of the Republican Party.
C)because many progressives abandoned the Republican Party and backed Theodore Roosevelt's progressive Bull Moose Party.
D)because of his practical business experience,in contrast with the academics the progressives usually nominated to run for office.

Question 47

Regarding the issue of conservation,

A)progressives had to force Roosevelt,known for hunting big game,to protect forest lands by threatening to withdraw political support.
B)Roosevelt faced stiff opposition from businessmen like Gifford Pinchot,who was trying to obtain public lands for mining interests.
C)Roosevelt proved more forward-thinking than even the majority of progressives who,while sympathetic to the cause,were mostly urbanites focused on city problems.
D)Roosevelt had little interest,as he was more concerned with westward expansion and settlement.

Question 48

Which of these was NOT an electoral reform favored by the progressives?

A)primary elections that allowed voters a say in the candidate nomination process
B)"King Caucus" that allowed progressive party leadership to pick the most capable,highly-trained candidates
C)ballot initiatives and referenda,which gave voters a voice in the legislative process
D)recalls that allowed voters to remove an officeholder

Question 49

What statement best describes Theodore Roosevelt's attitude toward big business?

A)Roosevelt sought to break up all monopolies and trusts.
B)Roosevelt always sided with labor unions over big business.
C)Roosevelt became a partner of big business and tried to protect it from progressive reform.
D)Roosevelt was known as a "trust buster" but was more interested in regulating monopolies,as he thought their tremendous efficiencies could be harnessed for the public gooD.

Question 50

While the Progressive Era is considered a time of positive reform,explain how African Americans might have a different view of the progress made during that time.

Question 51

Discuss how women asserted themselves politically during the Progressive Era.Identify the movements supported and led by women,and describe their impact on society as a whole.

Question 52

Analyze how books,publications,and use of the media helped promote the progressive agenda.Use specific examples to support your explanation.

Question 53

Which of following is NOT associated with the progressive effort to stop prostitution and other activities associated with the sex trade?

A)the American Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis
B)the Mann Act (the White Slave Traffic Act)
C)the book The Social Evil,which published the findings of a New York committee formed to study prostitution in the city
D)the National American Woman Suffrage Association

Question 54

Use specific examples to explain how in some cases Theodore Roosevelt was a champion of progressive causes,at other times exemplified the progressive middle ground,and at times forged new ground in the progressive agenda.

Question 55

Describe the new makeup of American cities during the Progressive Era.Why and how did some immigrants cling to their traditional cultures,and in what ways was integration into American culture most likely to occur?

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT associated Woodrow Wilson's administration?

A)Wilson integrated government offices and oversaw the promotion of black federal workers in the South.
B)Wilson held regular press conferences and initiated the "State of the Union" address delivered each year to Congress.
C)Wilson supported legislation that tried to prevent monopolies and supported the rights of unions to strike.
D)The Federal Reserve was established in order to regulate the country's money supply and stabilize the economy.