Deck 18: Industrializing America, 1865-1885

Question 1

The first food to become a large-scale industry

A)was meat.
B)were fruit and vegetables.
C)was dairy.
D)were grains.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

By 1900 manufactured food

A)had barely caught on in the U.S.
B)was steadily rising in its consumption by Americans.
C)had nearly overtaken the commodity market in the U.S.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Incorporation allowed a business to do all of the following EXCEPT

A)place personal liability for corporate debts on the owners.
B)hire and fire as if they were individuals.
C)make contracts,much like a "natural person."
D)minimize much of the risk of business ventures.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

George Pullman's company built

A)locomotive steam engines.
B)railroad track.
C)freight cars.
D)luxury rail cars.

Question 5

Standardized time zones were first adopted by

A)national meat-packing companies.
B)the postal service.
C)the U.S.Army.
D)railroad corporations.

Question 6

Which of the following was NOT one of the innovations associated with the telegraph during the late nineteenth century?

A)Morse code
B)money transfer service
C)quadruplex lines
D)weather forecasting

Question 7

In their 1872 novel,which group was satirized by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner?

A)the wealthy
B)Chinese immigrants
C)the poor
D)the factory worker

Question 8

The Centennial Exhibition of 1876 was held in

A)Chicago.
B)Philadelphia.
C)New York.
D)Washington,D.C.

Question 9

Which of the following was NOT generally part of the system of mass production?

A)repetitive tasks
B)various processes in one large factory
C)many different phases
D)skilled labor

Question 10

Leland Stanford and Jay Cooke were

A)authors.
B)factory owners.
C)investors.
D)Republican politicians.

Question 11

Generally the practice of tramping

A)was overlooked by railroad companies.
B)caused public outrage.
C)drew participants who were out of work.
D)was prosecuted under the law.

Question 12

Which of the following groups tended to be paid lower wages?

A)Protestants
B)Catholics
C)those in smaller-scale workshops
D)skilled laborers

Question 13

The largest construction project on American soil by 1870 was the

A)Brooklyn Bridge.
B)San Francisco Bridge.
C)Mackinac Bridge.
D)Washington Bridge.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the American industrial revolution from 1865 to 1885?

A)The U.S.became the world's most productive economy.
B)The railroad was central to the network of mass communication and transportation.
C)Industry in the nation grew faster than ever before.
D)The Deep South industrialized along with the rest of the nation.

Question 15

City governments financed massive public works projects through

A)taxation.
B)city bonds sold to investors.
C)philanthropic donations.
D)state and federal grants.

Question 16

Which of the following was NOT a common power source in a variety of businesses by 1888?

A)whale,wood,and animal-based oils
B)coal-fired steam engines
C)fossil-fuel-based electricity
D)the horse

Question 17

Which of the following was NOT a reason that northeastern slaughterers and butchers discouraged shoppers from buying non-local meat and sausage?

A)They felt their jobs were threatened.
B)They were suspicious of disease-tainted meat.
C)They did not want to support southern cattlemen.
D)They were concerned about spoilage.

Question 18

The modern corporation first emerged in

A)the railway sector.
B)the energy sector.
C)both the railway and energy sectors.
D)neither the railway sector nor the energy sector.

Question 19

In the late 1860s,telegraph operators,typeface setters,and steel drivers began to take considerable pride in their ability to do skilled work

A)with great speed.
B)without the use of machinery.
C)with only the best materials.
D)as cheaply as possible.

Question 20

The railroad companies,which became the country's first large-scale businesses,

A)stimulated technological innovation.
B)gave birth to a new managerial class of workers.
C)provided employment for thousands of people.
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 21

The nation's first countrywide strike in protest of low wages,unemployment,and the general condition of the economy took place in the ________ industry.

A)petroleum
B)steel
C)railroad
D)meat-packing

Question 22

Most city dwellers lived in working-class buildings known as

A)French Flats.
B)Second Empire apartments.
C)tenements.
D)high-rises.

Question 23

Which of the following does NOT represent the growing middle-class identity during industrialization?

A)emphasis on professionalization
B)intellectual work as most honorable
C)white-collar work
D)carpentry and manufacturing

Question 24

Which of the following boundaries did NOT begin to dissolve through leisure activities?

A)those between blacks and whites
B)those between men and women
C)those between poor and working classes
D)those between various ethnic groups

Question 25

Which of the following best characterizes the outlook of skilled workers in the early 1870s?

A)optimistic,as technological advances increased managerial opportunities
B)hopeful,as more industrial jobs became available
C)scared because of the intense competition for factory work
D)not very optimistic,as machinery rendered their skills obsolete

Question 26

After 1877,labor unions

A)grew in strength,and state governments increased their militias.
B)grew in strength while businesses sought to accommodate their interests.
C)diminished,while governments increased their militias.
D)diminished as businesses sought to accommodate their interests.

Question 27

During the recession of the 1870s,the union movement

A)was extinguished.
B)remained consistent in membership.
C)experienced tremendous expansion.
D)lost most of its members.

Question 28

In 1871,news broke to Americans of a large-scale workers' uprising in which country?

A)France
B)Germany
C)England
D)Russia

Question 29

The Great Chicago Fire became the object of anxious discussions about

A)building safety.
B)the lack of a sufficient police force.
C)the failure of the fire department.
D)the "dangerous classes."

Question 30

Alexander T.Stewart's Iron Palace was a

A)museum of industrial technology.
B)dry goods store.
C)factory.
D)restaurant.

Question 31

The Great Epizootic affected society in all the following ways EXCEPT

A)overcrowded hospitals.
B)halted mass transit systems.
C)disrupted food production.
D)out-of-control city fires.

Question 32

The devastation of the Great Epizootic of 1872 affected

A)horses.
B)people.
C)cattle.
D)the food supply.

Question 33

The riot that broke out on the streets of New York City in 1871 involved

A)the takeover of city hall by the Communards.
B)a Catholic-led protest.
C)an Irish Protestant parade.
D)a textile workers' union strike.

Question 34

In the 1870s and 1880s urban society was dramatically transformed,as middle-class America began to be identified with

A)literary culture.
B)the Protestant work ethic.
C)charitable giving.
D)mass consumption.

Question 35

In the economic chaos of the 1870s,the pejorative term "tramp" began to be used to describe

A)prostitutes.
B)one who practiced hopping trains in search of work.
C)the migrant unemployed.
D)mine workers.

Question 36

Safety laws and design improvements in urban housing were

A)often ignored by landowners and not observed by tenants.
B)enforced by landlords but not observed by tenants.
C)often ignored by landowners but observed by tenants.
D)typically enforced by landlords and observed by tenants.

Question 37

The underlying cause of the Long Depression of 1873 was

A)monopolization of business.
B)overproduction.
C)the tightening of the money supply.
D)poor industrial management.

Question 38

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 ended when

A)the strikers gave up due to the approaching winter.
B)many of the workers' demands were met.
C)President Hayes ordered federal troops to get the trains running again.
D)big business raised private militias to break the strikes.

Question 39

Department stores enhanced the public role of

A)businessmen.
B)women.
C)minorities.
D)workers.

Question 40

Which of the following does NOT describe the new rich-that is,industrialists,railroad owners,financiers,and storeowners?

A)enormous homes
B)high-fashion clothing
C)camaraderie with older members of the establishment
D)a reputation for public generosity

Question 41

Explain the growing relationship between time and speed in the new industrial culture.

Question 42

Which of the following was NOT a reform project endeavor of the Women's Christian Temperance Union?

A)eight-hour work days
B)kindergartens
C)federal voting rights
D)prison reform

Question 43

Analyze the effects of the new industrial network,particularly the businesses,industries,and services that developed from the railroad and telegraph.

Question 44

Summarize the impact of industrialization on the environment and the various efforts to conserve nature and natural resources.

Question 45

Compare and contrast urban life for middle-class and working-class city dwellers.What role was played by the culture of mass consumption?

Question 46

As industrialization and urbanization proceeded,the word "nature" came to represent

A)rural areas outside the city.
B)earlier and simpler ways of living,such as that of the Indians.
C)sublime landscapes untouched by human hands.
D)picturesque farmhouses and cottages.

Question 47

The first effort by the federal government in the arena of conservation was to regulate

A)deforestation.
B)fishing.
C)hunting.
D)industrial pollution.

Question 48

The Comstock Act of 1873

A)banned the mailing of "obscene" material.
B)outlawed prostitution.
C)restricted medical research on sexuality and the human body.
D)prohibited the sale of birth control merchandise.

Question 49

How did John
D.Rockefeller contribute to the transformation of the energy revolution and to the development of the modern corporation?
Answers will vary

Question 50

Discuss how industrialization transformed the lives of immigrants,skilled workers,and the wealthiest classes from the end of the Civil War through the 1870s.In each of these groups,how were both their self-identity and their perception of other classes shaped?

Question 51

Those who took the lead in wildlife conservation were

A)wealthy businessmen.
B)elite sportsmen.
C)women activists.
D)Native Americans.

Question 52

Victoria Woodhull's arrest triggered a national debate in the press about

A)alcohol abuse.
B)social reform.
C)women's suffrage.
D)sexual freedom.

Question 53

Sisters Harriet Beecher Stowe and Catherine Beecher produced a best-selling guide on

A)free love.
B)societal reform.
C)being a good homemaker.
D)marriage.

Question 54

Common middle-class entertainment generally included all of the following EXCEPT

A)strolling in city parks.
B)singing in parlors.
C)attending baseball games.
D)viewing prize fights.

Question 55

Discuss the causes and effects of the Long Depression,including the Great Railroad Strike of 1877.