Deck 17: Remaking the West, 1865-1893

Question 1

The risk for investors in the expanding railroad industry was

A)made insurmountable by the potential for Native American resistance.
B)too high for most northeastern bankers.
C)largely reduced by actions taken by the federal government.
D)minimal,since revenues were practically guaranteeD.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The Homestead Act of 1862 encouraged settlement in western lands because it

A)gave away 160-acre lots of land to settlers who promised not to bring slaves.
B)provided a modest stipend for seed and farming equipment.
C)made land extremely affordable to those who would make improvements upon it.
D)made land available for purchase at only $125 an acre.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT a benefit afforded to railroad companies in the Pacific Railway Acts?

A)millions of acres of unclaimed western land
B)special representation in Congress for future political interests
C)huge sums of capital in the form of government bonds
D)authority to issue their own bonds to generate more revenue

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the 1860s,for the first time,Congress specified that the principle objective of western expeditions was to

A)determine the West's suitability for farming.
B)assess the potential for fur trapping.
C)evaluate the West's strategic value.
D)understand the West's geology.

Question 5

The Treaty of Burlingame,which exchanged immigration rights to the U.S.for missionary and businessman access overseas,was made with the nation of

A)ChinA.
B)Russia.
C)Japan.
D)IrelanD.

Question 6

The Santee Rebellion in 1862,a raid by Sioux in which 500 Anglos were killed,was provoked by

A)the hanging of 38 Sioux men.
B)the refusal of the region's federal agent to provide food and other aid.
C)the deportation of the Santee Sioux to the Black Hills in the Dakota territory.
D)a battle with the Lakota Sioux.

Question 7

The single most important force in the conquest,settlement,and ultimate incorporation of the West was the

A)railroad.
B)federal government.
C)mining industry.
D)cowboy.

Question 8

As the West expanded,conflicts erupted

A)with Native Americans.
B)with Chinese workers.
C)among competing communities of Euro-Americans.
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 9

The plains were of little interest to the government and white American settlers until

A)the discovery of abundant mineral deposits.
B)the expansion of the railroad.
C)the Civil War.
D)cities in the East began to show signs of overcrowding.

Question 10

Biomes are

A)isolated regions with unique topography.
B)geographical areas with a particularly high ratio of living animals.
C)large geographic areas with similar or unique soils,plants,animals,and climate.
D)expansive regions in which humans coexist with a significant animal population.

Question 11

In May 1869 the nation's first transcontinental railroad was completed,with the last spikes driven in the state of

A)Utah.
B)New Mexico.
C)Colorado.
D)California.

Question 12

Which of the following was a direct result of the federal surveys of the West?

A)the development of private mining
B)an understanding of the West as unconquerable
C)the view of the West as a divine "Eden"
D)the establishment of federal railroads and mines

Question 13

As a result of the effects of the transcontinental railroad and development of the West,the East experienced a

A)reduction of its urban populations.
B)decrease in business investment.
C)burst of industrial growth.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 14

During the Civil war,as a precaution against Confederate expansion to the West,the Republican Congress moved to

A)restrict the migration of southerners into western territories.
B)convert existing territories into free states.
C)station troops along frontier territories.
D)designate remaining western lands as federal territories.

Question 15

Native Americans,having been previously forced into valleys,were able to return to the plains after 1700

A)because of Spanish withdrawal from much of North AmericA.
B)due to the repopulation of plains bison.
C)by employing the American horse.
D)by means of European horses.

Question 16

What was the initial motivation for the passage of the Pacific Railway Acts?

A)depriving the Confederacy of the opportunity for expansion
B)the nation's economic development
C)Indian removal
D)population relief for overcrowded eastern cities

Question 17

In November 1864,militia colonel John M.Chivington led his men on a bloody rampage through a Cheyenne camp

A)in retaliation for the Cheyenne attacks on settlers in Sand Hills,Colorado.
B)to make the region safe for a mining expedition.
C)in spite of Chief Black Kettle's peaceful intentions.
D)because the tribe had expanded beyond the agreed reservation boundaries.

Question 18

The Sand Creek Massacre had the effect of

A)uniting the Plains Indians in distrust of the U.S.government.
B)temporarily quieting Native American resistance in the West.
C)subduing the Arapaho rebellion.
D)stirring up Pawnee attacks on American settlers.

Question 19

In the 1860s "the West" encompassed multiple peoples,including all of the following EXCEPT

A)Russian fur traders.
B)Chinese miners.
C)Native Americans.
D)African slaves.

Question 20

The Great Sioux War of 1866-1868 resulted in

A)a victory for the U.S.Army.
B)the near annihilation of the Sioux male population.
C)a Sioux retreat.
D)a negotiated peace treaty.

Question 21

Who was the Nez Percé chief that led his people in an attempted escape to Canada?

A)Crazy Horse
B)Sitting Bull
C)Chief Joseph
D)Rain-in-the-Face

Question 22

The Great Sioux War of 1876-1877 was precipitated by

A)a Lakota Sioux raid on a white settlement near the Black Hills.
B)the eruption of violence over conflict at a trading post.
C)resistance to the construction of a new rail line through Sioux territory.
D)the discovery of gold in the Sioux's Dakota reservation.

Question 23

Indian policy of the U.S.during most of the 1870s consisted of

A)clearing the southern plains by shooting any Indians in sight.
B)a relatively peaceful time of observing treaties.
C)expanding reservations into the plains to appease Cheyenne and Apache demands.
D)general neglect in favor of a focus on industrial development.

Question 24

The American ranching frontier originated in

A)Oklahoma and northern Texas.
B)Texas and west Louisiana.
C)Oklahoma and southern Kansas.
D)Texas and eastern New Mexico.

Question 25

Indian chiefs opposed the Dawes Act on the grounds that

A)it attacked the tribal foundations of their society.
B)the land was mostly arid and unworkable.
C)their people did not have the ability to be successful at farming.
D)their people were becoming too dependent on the federal government.

Question 26

As part of the religious revival after the implementation of the Dawes Act,medicine man Wovoka preached that Native Americans should

A)live in peace and prayerfulness.
B)begin to subvert their white oppressors in covert ways.
C)launch a violent revolt.
D)perform the Ghost Dance to bring down the wrath of the gods on whites.

Question 27

The Homestead Act provided that women could apply for land

A)under nearly any circumstance.
B)only if they were widowed.
C)unless they had been divorced.
D)under no circumstances.

Question 28

The Wounded Knee massacre included the

A)slaughter of over 100 white soldiers and perpetuated public opinion against the western Indians.
B)slaughter of over 100 Sioux and perpetuated public opinion against the western Indians.
C)slaughter of over 100 white soldiers and swayed public opinion in favor of the western Indians.
D)slaughter of over 100 Sioux and swayed public opinion in favor of the western Indians.

Question 29

The Dawes Act of 1877 was based on implementing a system of

A)trade and business.
B)Anglo customs,clothing,and manners.
C)American education.
D)private property.

Question 30

In Texas,the Farmers' Alliance

A)provided cooperative storage facilities for small-scale farmers.
B)lobbied state legislatures to regulate transportation prices.
C)facilitated the employment of Chinese and Mexican migrant workers.
D)welcomed African American farmers into their organization.

Question 31

The thousands of cowboys that drove cattle across the plains were generally compensated through

A)a piecemeal arrangement.
B)indentured servitude.
C)salaries.
D)wages.

Question 32

American miners and mining companies typically moved in a(n)________ direction after the 1850s.

A)northward
B)southward
C)eastward
D)westward

Question 33

The post-Civil War West can best be described as a land of

A)unprecedented booms and devastating busts.
B)relatively consistent economic growth.
C)explosive economic growth.
D)shattering economic busts

Question 34

The event that swung opinion in the East against the Sioux and all the Plains Indians was the

A)Great Sioux War of 1876-1877.
B)Battle of Little Big Horn.
C)Great Sioux War of 1866-1868.
D)Sand Creek Massacre.

Question 35

Virginia City,a mining town that thrived in the 1880s,was known for its

A)churches,schools,theaters,and family homes.
B)numerous brothels and prostitutes.
C)almost entirely male population.
D)exceptional resistance to the common boom-and-bust cycle.

Question 36

Frontier farmers were

A)encouraged by railroad corporations to move west.
B)driven by federal incentives.
C)reliant on federally funded transportation.
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 37

The mining practice involving picks,shovels,threshers,and pans was called

A)pan-handling.
B)placer mining.
C)strip mining.
D)sub-surface mining.

Question 38

Mining companies often edged out individual prospectors,

A)but most family farmers persisted in their efforts.
B)but family farmers generally just moved to new lands.
C)and likewise,agricultural operations frequently displaced family farmers.
D)while agricultural operations tended to help the family farmer with rising commodity prices.

Question 39

The principle goal of federal reservation policy in the 1870s and 1880s was to

A)civilize the Indians with American names and clothing.
B)introduce Indians to the Bible.
C)turn Indians into farmers.
D)educate Indians in reading,writing,and arithmetic.

Question 40

Most missionaries that reached out to Native Americans held the view that

A)they were simply savages in need of salvation.
B)they were biologically incapable of being civilized.
C)their cultures were valid and worth preserving.
D)their cultures were inferior.

Question 41

The Maverick Law of 1884 benefitted

A)cattle barons by restricting small ranchers' opportunities to obtain wild cattle.
B)cattle barons by restricting the use of barbed wire.
C)small ranchers by restricting old-style cattle drives.
D)small ranchers by protecting their land from forced takeover.

Question 42

Which of the following was NOT one of the themes presented in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show?

A)the West as "wilderness"
B)heroic battles with Indians
C)gunfights
D)injustice for Native Americans.

Question 43

Discuss the growth and transformation of the cattle industry from the 1860s through the 1890s.

Question 44

The reality of work on the range included

A)extreme environmental conditions,but good compensation.
B)mild environmental conditions,but poor compensation.
C)extreme environmental conditions and poor compensation.
D)mild environmental conditions and good compensation.

Question 45

Summarize the role of the federal government in the development of the West.

Question 46

Trace the experience of the various Plains Indians from the 1820s until 1868.

Question 47

Describe how attitudes toward nonwhites in California were shaped and what policies were put in place as a result.

Question 48

Which of the following was NOT an emphasis in the popular portrayal of California in the 1870s?

A)a place of personal freedom
B)the center of the untamed West
C)unspoiled nature
D)a society unencumbered by arcane institutions

Question 49

In his frontier thesis,historian Frederick Jackson Turner emphasized the

A)West's northern ranching frontier.
B)eastward-moving mining frontier.
C)untamed West.
D)West's multiple peoples and cultures.

Question 50

In his book Progress and Poverty,Henry George charged that

A)land policy and corruption had deprived many of the California dream.
B)the Chinese had suffered unfairly in California's history.
C)the absence of slavery had stunted economic growth in California.
D)the U.S.was no longer a place where immigrants could realize their dream of a better life.

Question 51

The anti-miscegenation laws passed by several western legislatures prohibited

A)further Chinese immigration.
B)voting privileges for nonwhite people.
C)intermarriage between whites and various nonwhite groups.
D)nonwhites from owning lanD.

Question 52

By 1870,which group comprised over half of California's farmworkers and faced growing discrimination?

A)African American
B)Chinese
C)Indian
D)Hispanic

Question 53

In California during the 1870s,white males comprised

A)a minority of the population.
B)the majority of the population.
C)about half the population.
D)nearly the entire population.

Question 54

Compare and contrast the development of mining and farming in the West.

Question 55

How was the West portrayed and understood by Americans in both popular culture and scholarship?

Question 56

Anti-Chinese rhetoric escalated in the 1870s,primarily due to

A)the influx of large numbers of new Chinese immigrants.
B)violence committed by Chinese rights activists.
C)the passage of the Page Act,which allowed Chinese immigrants to become U.S.citizens.
D)the Long Depression of 1873.

Question 57

Analyze the context,causes,and significance of both the Battle of Little Big Horn and the Dawes Severalty Act