Deck 16: Fishes

Question 1

Declines in the salmon population in the northwest of the U.S.have resulted in 25% fewer fish migrating up the Columbia and Snake Rivers.
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The largest of the living teleosts is the plankton feeder,the whale shark.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Swimming is metabolically less expensive as a mode of locomotion than flying or walking.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

At the latest,the early vertebrates branched into the agnathans and the gnathostomes during the Cambrian period.

Question 5

Research by Hasler and others showed olfactory imprinting guiding migrating salmon.

Question 6

The ray-finned fishes belong to the class Sarcopterygii.

Question 7

Sharks are heavier than water but achieve neutral buoyancy by means of a swim bladder.

Question 8

Most fishes are dioecious,with external fertilization and external development.

Question 9

One lineage of the neopterygian fishes gave rise to the modern bony fishes.

Question 10

Hagfishes locate their food through keen vision.

Question 11

The cartilaginous fishes are believed to have evolved from ancestors having well-developed bone.

Question 12

The hagfishes are marine scavengers.

Question 13

The chondrosteans are one group of the most primitive of the ray-finned fishes.

Question 14

All bony fishes have a pneumatic duct that connects the swim bladder to the esophagus and which enables them to charge the swim bladder with air.

Question 15

The ray-finned fishes are the most numerous and advanced bony fishes.

Question 16

The earliest fishlike vertebrates were a paraphyletic assemblage of agnathans.

Question 17

The ampullary organs of Lorenzini are receptors for detecting weak electrical fields.

Question 18

Despite its name,the ectoparasitic marine lamprey Petromyzon marinus ascends freshwater streams to spawn.

Question 19

All lampreys are parasitic on other fish.

Question 20

In North America,both marine and freshwater lampreys spawn in freshwater streams.

Question 21

The control of the lamprey has been accomplished around the Great Lakes by

A)heavy fishing of lampreys.
B)the disruption of migration routes.
C)chemicals added to spawning streams.
D)adding sterilized females to the population.

Question 22

Among the fastest swimmers,tunas swim by

A)undulating their entire bodies.
B)flexing their tails alone.
C)movement of their pectoral and pelvic fins.
D)all of these

Question 23

The coelocanths

A)are all extinct.
B)were found off the coast of South Africa and Indonesia.
C)are members of the Class Actinopterygii.
D)form a mud cocoon during the dry seasons.

Question 24

A representative of chondrosteans is

A)the gar.
B)the sturgeon.
C)the coelacanth.
D)the bowfin.

Question 25

Swim bladders would be expected to be present in

A)most surface-dwelling fish.
B)fish like flounders.
C)fish living in the abyssal zone.
D)tunas.

Question 26

Larval eels were first called _____________ by biologists who did not know what they were.

A)trochophores
B)veligers
C)leptocephali
D)ammocetes
Fill in the Blank Questions

Question 27

The propulsive mechanism of a fish is

A)its trunk and tail musculature.
B)the movement of water in the mouth and out the gills.
C)the movement of the front fins.
D)all of these

Question 28

The lateral line of a shark is used for

A)detecting and locating objects and moving animals in the water.
B)the excretion of urea and water.
C)circulation.
D)mucus secretion during mating behavior.

Question 29

The eel-like,jawless fishes that have both marine and freshwater representatives belong to the class ____________.

Question 30

The lungfishes

A)are all extinct.
B)do not really have functional lungs.
C)live only in Australia,Africa,and South America.
D)are an aberrant branch of the cartilaginous fishes.

Question 31

The _________ is composed of vertebrates having eel-like bodies,a biting mouth with two rows of eversible teeth,and numerous slime glands.

Question 32

Hagfishes

A)are entirely freshwater animals.
B)are parasitic.
C)belong to the class Cephalaspidomorphi.
D)are used for leather golf bags and boots.

Question 33

The function of the spiracle in the skates and rays is for

A)air intake.
B)water intake.
C)the reception of bioelectric fields from prey buried in the sea bottom.
D)the excretion of nitrogenous wastes.

Question 34

The mechanism whereby buoyancy is achieved in different kinds of fishes is

A)through the presence of a large,oily liver when a swim bladder is not present.
B)through the presence of a large swim bladder that expands as the fish periodically swims toward the surface.
C)through the presence of a swim bladder that is regulated internally by two structures that add or remove air from the bladder.
D)all of these

Question 35

The chimaeras

A)include representatives called ratfish and rabbitfish.
B)have an odd mixture of shark-like and bony-fish-like characteristics.
C)were once much more common than they are now.
D)all of these

Question 36

The fisheries of the Great Lakes were brought to almost total collapse in this century by the invasion of the __________.

Question 37

The ammocoetes is the larval form of a

A)hagfish.
B)bony fish.
C)lamprey.
D)lungfish.

Question 38

Unlike other vertebrates,the body fluids of hagfishes are

A)strongly hypoosmotic to seawater.
B)strongly hyperosmotic to seawater.
C)in osmotic equilibrium with seawater.
D)none of the above

Question 39

The ___________ is composed of vertebrates having placoid scales,a heterocercal caudal fin,a ventral mouth,and a cartilaginous endoskeleton.

Question 40

Sharks have

A)placoid scales.
B)ctenoid scales.
C)cycloid scales.
D)ganoid scales.

Question 41

The ray-finned fishes belong to the Class ____________________;whereas the lobe-finned fishes belong to the Class _________________.

Question 42

The gas gland of the advanced teleost swim bladder contains a remarkable network of blood capillaries called the _________.

Question 43

Adult eels from both Europe and North America swim enormous distances to spawn at great depth in the __________.

Question 44

The lateral line system of sharks contains special receptor organs,called __________,that are sensitive to vibrations and currents in water.

Question 45

Members of the Chondrichthyes had ancestors with dermal armor,but have a skeleton composed of _____________.

Question 46

The sarcopterygians are the sister group of the ____________.

Question 47

Fishes such as the Atlantic salmon that spend their adult lives at sea but return to fresh water to spawn are called __________.

Question 48

Teleost fishes have a type of tail that is referred to as a _______ tail.

Question 49

The _______ hypothesis suggests that the vertebrae in hagfishes are rudimentary in embryos so vertebrae were present in the common ancestor for all living vertebrates.

Question 50

The gills of bony fishes are covered with a movable flap called the _________.

Question 51

In the elasmobranchs,the sexes are separate and fertilization is ________.

Question 52

Experiments have shown that homing salmon are guided upstream by the characteristic ________ of the parent stream.

Question 53

Like a leech,the lamprey secretes _____________ into the wound of its host fish.

Question 54

In the gills of fishes,the flow of water is opposite to the direction of blood flow.This efficient arrangement is known as _______ flow.

Question 55

A lobe-finned fish thought to have been extinct for 70 million years,but discovered off the coast of South Africa in 1938,is the _____________.

Question 56

The lobe-finned fishes consist of the extinct _____________ and the extant coelacanths.

Question 57

Teleosts have either cycloid or ________ scales.