Deck 6: Sponges: Phylum Porifera

Question 1

Lophocytes are ameboid cells that can differentiate into all other cell types.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Multicellularity leads to larger body size because

A)most metabolic exchanges occur within the cell.
B)building a mass with smaller units decreases the surface area for metabolic activities.
C)it is possible to maintain a workable surface-to-mass ratio by increasing the size of a single cell.
D)none of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The minute,needle-like structures that act as a skeletal support system in sponges are called _____________.

Answer 3

spicules

Question 4

The flagellated cells embedded in the mesoglea of a sponge are called ______________.

Question 5

The most complex body organization,and the one that makes largest size possible,is known as ______________.

Question 6

In sponges,respiration and excretion of various molecules is accomplished by

A)diffusion.
B)active transport.
C)tracheoles.
D)choanocytes.

Question 7

Gemmules are an adaptation of freshwater sponges to withstand adverse environmental conditions.

Question 8

The asconoid sponges have the simplest type of canal system.

Question 9

Many of the more complex groups of animals are the evolutionary descendants of sponges.

Question 10

The demosponges

A)constitute only a small number of species.
B)include the freshwater sponges.
C)have the asconoid-type canal system.
D)are referred to as chalk sponges.

Question 11

Almost all sponges are marine animals.

Question 12

The majority of sponges are colonial,and most are of the leuconoid body type.
Multiple Choice Questions

Question 13

The analogous equivalent of "connective tissue" in sponges is the

A)pinacocyte.
B)porocyte.
C)spongocoel.
D)mesohyl.

Question 14

The structural protein found in sponges is

A)spongin.
B)actin.
C)gorgonin.
D)spiculin.

Question 15

The leuconoid body type makes possible large body size in sponges.

Question 16

The simplest body plan of sponges is _____________,and the plan characterized by flagellated canals is _______________.

Question 17

The cells of a sponge that are responsible for water flow and capture of some particles are the

A)myocytes.
B)archaeocytes.
C)choanocytes.
D)pinacocytes.

Question 18

The adaptive radiation of sponges is mainly due to:

A)an increase in body size
B)cell differentiation for various functions
C)a unique water current system
D)none of the above
Fill in the Blank Questions

Question 19

The water outlets in sponges are known as ____________.

Question 20

Reproduction in sponges can be

A)asexual by budding.
B)asexual by gemmules.
C)sexual.
D)all of these

Question 21

Phagocytosis of tiny particles in sponges is carried out by the _______________.

Question 22

Thin,epithelial-type cells covering the outer surface of sponges are the _______________.

Question 23

All digestion in sponges is intracellular and is carried out by the __________________.

Question 24

Members of the class _____________ are named glass sponges,found in deep sea areas.

Question 25

Sponge species may be identified by taxonomists by the shape of their ________________.

Question 26

The sponges that have been historically used in bathing belong to class _________________.

Question 27

Internal buds of some species of freshwater sponges that can withstand adverse conditions are _____________________.

Question 28

Recent research indicates that the sponges and the eumetazoans are ________________ groups.

Question 29

Cells that can differentiate into any other type of cell in sponges are the ________________.