Deck 7: The Biomechanics of the Human Upper Extremity

Question 1

The brachialis is strongest and most effective as an elbow flexor when the forearm is in what position?

A) neutral
B) supinated
C) pronated
D) does not matter

Answer 1

does not matter

Question 2

Which of the following is true about the rotator cuff muscles?

A) they work together with the deltoid for extension
B) they work together to hold the head of humerus in glenoid fossa
C) both A and B
D) none of the above

Answer 2

they work together to hold the head of humerus in glenoid fossa

Question 3

Metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5 are what type joints?

A) hinge
B) condyloid
C) saddle
D) none of the above

Answer 3

condyloid

Question 4

Glenohumeral dislocations usually occur when the humerus is in which of the following positions?

A) abducted
B) externally rotated
C) both A and B
D) none of the above

Question 5

The biceps brachii is strongest and most effective as an elbow flexor when the forearm is in what position?

A) neutral
B) supinated
C) pronated
D) does not matter

Question 6

Carpometacarpal joint 1 is what type of joint?

A) hinge
B) condyloid
C) saddle
D) none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following secretes synovial fluid to lessen friction between soft tissues around joints?

A) menisci
B) articular cartilage
C) bursae
D) none of the above

Question 8

Muscles on the anterior side of the arm produce flexion at which of the following?

A) the shoulder
B) the elbow
C) the wrist
D) all of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is not a rotator cuff muscle?

A) teres major
B) infraspinatus
C) supraspinatus
D) subscapularis
E) all of the above are rotator cuff muscles

Question 10

To best isolate the brachialis (reduce the effectiveness of the other flexors), perform arm curls with the forearm in what position?

A) neutral
B) supinated
C) pronated
D) does not matter

Question 11

Scapulohumeral rhythm involves ________ of the scapula and ________ of the humerus.

A) downward rotation, extension
B) downward rotation, abduction
C) upward rotation, abduction
D) abduction, adduction

Question 12

Which scapula muscles perform as stabilizers during crutch walking?

A) elevators
B) depressors
C) adductors
D) abductors

Question 13

Which of the following activities may promote the development of rotator cuff impingement syndrome?

A) throwing
B) swimming
C) serving in tennis
D) all of the above

Question 14

The interphalangeal joints are what type joints?

A) hinge
B) condyloid
C) saddle
D) none of the above

Question 15

Carpometacarpal joints 2-5 are what type joints?

A) hinge
B) condyloid
C) saddle
D) none of the above

Question 16

The humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar joints are the three articulations present at which joint?

A) wrist
B) elbow
C) shoulder
D) none of the above

Question 17

What is/are the purpose(s) of the scapula muscles?

A) stabilize the scapula
B) move the scapula
C) both A and B
D) none of the above

Question 18

Overuse of the wrist extensors can cause what?

A) tennis elbow
B) lateral epicondylitis
C) tendinitis
D) all of the above

Question 19

Which scapula muscles perform as stabilizers during pushups?

A) elevators
B) depressors
C) adductors
D) abductors

Question 20

What muscles are most often associated with little leaguer's elbow?

A) elbow extensors
B) elbow flexors
C) wrist extensors
D) wrist flexors

Question 21

Which of the following factors provides stability at the elbow?

A) the articulating bones
B) ligaments
C) both A and B
D) none of the above

Question 22

Which of the following groups are vulnerable to carpal tunnel syndrome?

A) jobs requiring repeated forceful wrist flexion
B) jobs requiring habitual resting of the arms on the palmar sides of the wrist
C) skateboarders
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

Question 23

Which of the following acts on more than 1 digit?

A) abductor pollicis longus
B) extensor indicis
C) flexor digitorum profundus
D) extensor digiti minimi

Question 24

Opposition can occur where?

A) CM 1
B) CM 5
C) MP 1
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

Question 25

Where do the wrist flexors originate?

A) medial epicondyle
B) lateral epicondyle
C) both A and B
D) depends on which one

Question 26

Right-handed golfers will likely incur epicondylitis where?

A) lateral epicondylitis on the left side
B) lateral epicondylitis on the right side
C) medial epicondylitis on the left side
D) occurs with equal frequency on both sides of both arms

Question 27

The large range of movement of the thumb compared to that of the fingers is derived from the structure of which of the following?

A) the thumb's carpometacarpal joint
B) the thumb's intermetacarpal joint
C) the thumb's metacarpophalangeal joint
D) all of the above

Question 28

Which of the following muscles does not attach the scapula to the spine?

A) levator scapula
B) rhomboids
C) trapezius
D) deltoid
E) pectoralis minor

Question 29

Which type of movement is permitted at the radiocarpal joint?

A) sagittal plane motion
B) circumduction
C) frontal plane motion
D) all of the above

Question 30

Muscles located where will cause flexion of the humerus?

A) anterior to the longitudinal axis of the glenohumeral joint
B) anterior to the mediolateral (frontal) axis of the glenohumeral joint
C) superior to the anteroposterior axis of the glenohumeral joint
D) anterior to the mediolateral (frontal) axis of the humeroulnar joint

Question 31

Which of the following muscles is not an elbow flexor?

A) biceps
B) triceps
C) brachioradialis
D) brachialis

Question 32

Movement of the hand at the wrist toward the thumb side of the arm (frontal plane) is known as which of the following?

A) radial deviation
B) ulnar deviation
C) abduction
D) adduction

Question 33

Pronation and supination of the forearm occur at which of the following joints?

A) proximal radioulnar joint
B) distal radioulnar joint
C) both A and B
D) none of the above

Question 34

Which of the following originates on the scapula?

A) anterior deltoid
B) pectoralis major
C) biceps brachii
D) latissimus dorsi

Question 35

Throwing injuries to the elbow usually fall into which category?

A) acute
B) chronic
C) both A and B equally
D) throwing does not cause injury to the elbow

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true regarding ball and socket joints?

A) They allow motion in all three planes
B) They are triaxial.
C) The glenohumeral joint is an example.
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

Question 37

Which joint in the body has the most range of motion?

A) sternoclavicular
B) acromioclavicular
C) glenohumeral
D) humeroulnar

Question 38

Which muscles originate distal to the wrist and insert distal to the wrist?

A) intrinsics
B) extrensics
C) elbow flexors
D) elbow extensors

Question 39

Which of these muscles is not a mover of the humerus?

A) biceps brachii
B) coracobrachialis
C) deltoid
D) trapezius

Question 40

The acromion process is a landmark on which bone?

A) scapula
B) humerus
C) clavicle
D) sternum

Question 41

The rotator cuff muscle which is located between the scapula and the thorax is the supraspinatus.

Question 42

Concurrent movement of the scapula and the humerus is called __________________ __________________.

Question 43

Describe carpal tunnel syndrome, including affected area, symptoms and probable causes.

Question 44

Abnormal motion of the scapula may contribute to shoulder impingement syndrome.

Question 45

The rim of soft tissue located on the periphery of the glenoid fossa that adds stability to the glenohumeral joint is called the glenoid __________________.

Question 46

Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint are interchangeable terms meaning the same thing.

Question 47

The most commonly dislocated joint in the human body is the ___________________ joint.

Question 48

Muscles with one attachment proximal to the wrist and the other attachment distal to the wrist are called ___________________ muscles.

Question 49

Explain the relationship between range of motion and stability at a joint, including examples of joints with different number of axes.

Question 50

Workers who use vibrating tools are particularly susceptible to carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 51

Describe rotator cuff impingement syndrome, including involved muscle(s), symptoms and probable causes.

Question 52

The anatomical name for the elbow joint is the ___________________ joint.

Question 53

Describe the two types of epicondylitis, including common names, involved muscles, symptoms and probable causes.

Question 54

Proper pitching mechanics in youth pitchers can help prevent elbow injuries by reducing the valgus load on the elbow.

Question 55

List and describe the primary flexors of the elbow and explain the roles during three different types of arm curls (preacher curls, hammer curls, reverse curls).