Deck 9: The Spinal Column and Thorax

Question 1

Which of the following accompanies rotation of the vertebral column?

A) flexion
B) hyperextension
C) lateral flexion to same side
D) lateral flexion to opposite side

Answer 1

lateral flexion to same side

Question 2

Describe the structure of the intervertebral disc and discuss its function as part of the vertebral column.

Answer 2

nucleus pulposa surrounded by annulus fibrosus-shock absorption and motion

Question 3

How is inhalation primarily accomplished?

A) enlargement of the thorax in the vertical diameter
B) enlargement of the thorax in the anteroposterior diameter
C) enlargement of the thorax in the transverse diameter
D) enlargement of the thorax in all three diameters

Answer 3

enlargement of the thorax in all three diameters

Question 4

Which is the "prime mover" in head/neck flexion in an erect position?

A) sub occipitals
B) gravity
C) levator scapulae
D) scalenes

Question 5

Which movement of the pelvis accompanies flexion of the vertebral column?

A) backward tilt
B) forward tilt
C) lateral tilt
D) rotation

Question 6

In which region of the spine is the least amount of rotation permitted?

A) cervical
B) head-cervical
C) lumbar
D) thoracic

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of the vertebral column?

A) acts to protect internal organs
B) acts as link between upper and lower extremities
C) acts as freely moveable link system
D) acts as motion segment for the trunk

Question 8

Which of the following would be most likely to strengthen all of the abdominal muscles?

A) a curl up with a twist
B) straight leg lifts
C) straight leg situps
D) the abdomenizer

Question 9

Injuries to the cervical spine are among the most serious in sport. Discuss the anatomical reasons that these injuries are so serious.

Question 10

Explain, anatomically, the differences in mobility in the three mobile regions of the vertebral column.

Question 11

Which muscle is working and how to control the neck rotation to the left when receiving a blow to the right side of the jaw in boxing?

A) left sternocleidomastoid-eccentric
B) left sternocleidomastoid-concentric
C) right sternocleidomastoid-eccentric
D) right sternocleidomastoid-concentric

Question 12

Which of the following conditions is produced by an exaggerated lumbar curve?

A) kyphosis
B) scoliosis
C) lordosis
D) forward head

Question 13

Describe the changes which occur in the vertebral column from birth through maturity.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a primary muscle of respiration?

A) diaphragm
B) abdominals
C) intercostales
D) levatores costorum
Short Answer Questions

Question 15

In which regions of the vertebral column are flexion and extension most free?

A) cervical & thoracic
B) cervical & lumbar
C) thoracic & lumbar
D) all of the above

Question 16

The anterior muscles of the trunk are more active as flexors when the body is supine rather than in a standing position. Why is this so in most cases?
What could one do to increase activity in these muscles in the standing position?

Question 17

Which type of joint he atlanto-occipital joint?

A) condyloid
B) pivot
C) hinge
D) ball & socket

Question 18

Which of the following muscles will contract to produce the trunk rotation to the left that is necessary for a right hand throw?
1) right external oblique
2) left external oblique
3) right internal oblique
4) left internal oblique

A) 1, 3
B) 1, 4
C) 2, 3
D) 2, 4

Question 19

In the exercise of slow leg raising and lowering in a supine lying position, what is the function of the abdominal muscles during the lowering phase and what type of contraction is involved?

A) controlling extension of legs--eccentric contraction
B) stabilizing the pelvis--static contraction
C) tilting the pelvis backward--concentric contraction
D) tilting the pelvis forward--concentric contraction

Question 20

What determines the nature of the motion between two adjacent vertebrae?

A) the angulation of the articular facets
B) the ligamentous support
C) muscular support
D) the size of the vertebral body