Deck 19: Locomotion: The Aquatic Environment

Question 1

What is the function of the quadriceps muscles when the heel contacts the ground in walking?

A) extend the lower leg at the knee joint
B) flex the lower leg at the knee joint
C) flex the thigh at the femoral joint
D) stabilize the knee against the reaction force from the floor

Answer 1

stabilize the knee against the reaction force from the floor

Question 2

What makes it difficult for a runner to change either speed or direction?

A) torque
B) acceleration
C) inertia
D) velocity

Answer 2

inertia

Question 3

Which is the point of rotation in rotary locomotion of the body?

A) the center of gravity
B) the center of torque
C) the part of the body in contact with the surface
D) the point of force application
Short Answer Questions

Answer 3

the part of the body in contact with the surface

Question 4

How does the ice skater push off against the ice, given the very low coefficient of friction between the blade and the ice?

A) the blade is turned perpendicular to the direction of glide and digs into the ice
B) the blade is turned parallel to the direction of glide and digs into the ice
C) the ice skater relies on momentum generated from decreasing stability
D) the ice skater must rely on ground reaction force from another surface

Question 5

In which direction is the force applied during the propulsion phase of the walk?

A) downward
B) down and backward
C) forward
D) forward and upward

Question 6

What are the six major components of walking?

Question 7

In which part of the walking cycle are the largest forces exerted against the ground?

A) swing phase
B) balance to unbalance
C) heel strike
D) propulsive phase

Question 8

Which of a bicycles rear gears (smallest or largest) would you use when riding up a steep hill?
Explain your answer.

Question 9

Why should the foot of a runner strike the ground directly under the center of gravity if possible?

Question 10

In a long jump, the center of gravity should be ____ the base of support.

A) horizontally far from
B) in front of
C) directly over
D) close to

Question 11

Which muscles produce the first part of the forward swing of the lower extremity in walking?

A) iliopsoas, tensor fascia latae, gracilis, rectus femoris
B) rectus femoris, hamstrings, iliopsoas, adductor longus
C) tensor fascia latae, gluteus maximus, adductors longus and brevis
D) tensor fascia latae, sartorius, pectineus, iliopsoas

Question 12

What muscle action is involved in the movement of the knee joints in the power phase of the standing long jump?

A) concentric contraction of the knee flexors
B) concentric contraction of the knee extensors
C) eccentric contraction of the knee flexors
D) eccentric contraction of the knee extensors

Question 13

How does the relationship between stride length and stride rate change when going from a walk to a run?

A) stride length increases, stride rate decreases
B) stride length decreases. stride rate increases
C) stride length increases, stride rate increases
D) stride length decreases, stride rate decreases

Question 14

How can the long jumper stay in the air longer?

A) increase velocity, decrease angle
B) decrease velocity, increase angle
C) increase vertical velocity, decrease angle
D) maintain velocity, increase angle

Question 15

Why must a jumper strive for height when executing a long jump?

Question 16

Which of the following is the purpose of the arm swing in jumping?

A) accelerate lower extremity downward to increase ground reaction force
B) develop forward momentum
C) transfer forward momentum to body
D) all of the above

Question 17

What is the effect of joint actions in the propulsive phase of the long jump?
1) action at the ankle moves lower leg backward for balance
2) action at metatarsal-phalangeal joints lifts body upward
3) hip action helps keep trunk in alignment
4) knee action causes thigh to move forward and upward

A) 1, 4
B) 1, 2, 3
C) 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 18

What actions are primarily responsible for the final push off in the support phase in walking?

A) flexion of the knee and plantar flexion of the ankle
B) slight plantar flexion of the ankle and flexion of the metatarsal-phalangeal joints
C) forceful extension of the hip, knee, and ankle joints
D) strong extension of the hip and knee joints

Question 19

Why do sprinters use starting blocks instead of just pushing off the ground?

Question 20

Why is it easier for a runner to move the recovery leg forward more rapidly when it is flexed than when extended?

A) mass of the leg is greater when it is flexed
B) mass of the leg is less when it is flexed
C) moment of inertia of the leg is greater when leg is flexed
D) moment of inertia of the leg is less when leg is flexed