Deck 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

Which constitutional amendments were passed in the aftermath of the Civil War, and codified the victory of the North?

A) Twelfth and Thirteenth
B) Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth
C) Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth
D) Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth
E) Fifteenth and Sixteenth

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The Constitution imposes responsibilities, or civil rights, on which of the following groups?

A) government officials
B) private citizens
C) private organizations
D) government employees
E) government officials and government employees

Answer 2

E

Question 3

This amendment was passed in 1865 and outlawed slavery:

A) Twelfth Amendment.
B) Thirteenth Amendment.
C) Fourteenth Amendment.
D) Fifteenth Amendment.
E) Sixteenth Amendment.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Laws passed immediately after the Civil War by southern states that limited the rights of "freemen," or former slaves, were known as

A) Reconstruction laws.
B) Jim Crow laws.
C) voting rights laws.
D) Black Codes.
E) freedmen's regulations.

Question 5

The active yet nonviolent refusal to comply with morally-objectionable laws, used by abolitionist organizations like the American Anti-Slavery Society and civil rights activists like Martin Luther King, Jr., is known as what?

A) affirmative action
B) intersectionality
C) strict scrutiny
D) affirmative disobedience
E) civil disobedience

Question 6

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits businesses from making discriminatory hiring decisions based on which inherent characteristics?

A) age and disability
B) race, color, and sex
C) religion and national origin
D) sexual orientation
E) race, color, sex, religion, and national origin

Question 7

In what year did President Obama express his unequivocal support for gay marriage?

A) 2008
B) 2009
C) 2010
D) 2012
E) 2014

Question 8

The 1996 Defense of Marriage Act

A) was repealed by Congress in 2014.
B) was declared unconstitutional in 2013.
C) defined marriage to include same-sex couples.
D) was initially vetoed by President Clinton.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 9

Attacks against individuals are considered hate crimes under most state law based on all the following biases EXCEPT

A) race or color.
B) religious persuasion.
C) nationality or ethnicity.
D) disability.
E) gender identity or sexual orientation.

Question 10

Using the ordinary scrutiny test, courts have been willing to allow what type of differential treatment?

A) sex-based
B) age-based
C) race-based
D) ethnic-based
E) religion-based

Question 11

Which test is applied by the courts in cases related to suspect classifications?

A) ordinary scrutiny test
B) imminent lawless action test
C) heightened scrutiny test
D) strict scrutiny test
E) incitement test

Question 12

In what year were women granted the right to vote in the United States?

A) 1909
B) 1916
C) 1920
D) 1929
E) 1930

Question 13

This amendment was passed in 1868 and provided for due process of law, equal protection under the law, and respect for the privileges and immunities of all citizens:

A) Twelfth Amendment.
B) Thirteenth Amendment.
C) Fourteenth Amendment.
D) Fifteenth Amendment.
E) Sixteenth Amendment.

Question 14

Which tests do the courts apply to determine when unequal treatment is legal?

A) imminent lawless action test and incitement test
B) strict scrutiny test and ordinary scrutiny test
C) strict scrutiny test, heightened scrutiny test, and ordinary scrutiny test
D) imminent lawless action test and strict scrutiny test
E) incitement test and heightened scrutiny test

Question 15

In 1860, which of the following states had the highest percentage of slaves in its population?

A) Kentucky
B) Mississippi
C) Pennsylvania
D) Iowa
E) Missouri

Question 16

Which 1857 Supreme Court decision set the stage for the Civil War by mobilizing the abolitionist movement?

A) Brown v. Board of Education
B) Marbury v. Madison
C) Dred Scott v. Sandford
D) Lochner v. Ellison
E) Loving v. Virginia

Question 17

Which 1967 case determined state laws barring interracial marriage were unconstitutional?

A) Loving v. Virginia
B) Dear v. Minnesota
C) Furman v. Georgia
D) Minor v. Happersett
E) Bradwell v. Illinois

Question 18

Which of the following statements about legal protections of LGBT citizens' legal rights is the MOST accurate?

A) LGBT-based discrimination is prohibited under federal law.
B) Pursuant to executive order, LGBT discrimination is illegal.
C) Most LGBT legal protection comes from state antidiscrimination laws.
D) Outside of Supreme Court jurisprudence, there is no other prohibition against LGBT-based discrimination.
E) Legal protection for the LGBT community comes from federal law and laws in all 50 states.

Question 19

In which year did Congress pass the Missouri Compromise, which sought to regulate slavery in the western territories?

A) 1810
B) 1820
C) 1830
D) 1840
E) 1850

Question 20

Sex-based discrimination cases are subject to which legal treatment test?

A) incitement test
B) strict scrutiny test
C) heightened scrutiny test
D) imminent lawless action test
E) ordinary scrutiny test

Question 21

Which aspect of racial discrimination became the primary target of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) in its first decades of existence?

A) Black Codes
B) Jim Crow laws
C) separate but equal doctrine
D) de jure segregation
E) standing to sue

Question 22

Which Supreme Court decision ended the federal government's support for separate but equal practices in the southern states?

A) Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
C) Loving v. Virginia
D) Miller v. California
E) Minor v. Happersett

Question 23

The Montgomery bus boycott began after the arrest of whom for refusing to give up a seat on the bus for a white man?

A) Martin Luther King, Jr.
B) Rosa Parks
C) Homer Plessy
D) Fannie Lou Hamer
E) Thurgood Marshall

Question 24

Which legal case was the first to argue that the Fourteenth Amendment's protections also applied to women?

A) Bradwell v. Illinois
B) Minor v. Happersett
C) Reed v. Reed
D) Craig v. Boren
E) Lawrence v. Texas

Question 25

_______, part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, establishes a standard of equality in employment opportunity, and establishes a body of law that regulates legal employment practices.

A) Title III
B) Title IV
C) Title V
D) Title VI
E) Title VII

Question 26

Which Court ruling created the separate but equal doctrine, which upheld state laws that mandated racial separation in schools and all public accommodations?

A) Dred Scott v. Sandford
B) Plessy v. Ferguson
C) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
D) Craig v. Boren
E) Bowers v. Hardwick

Question 27

In what city was Martin Luther King, Jr. assassinated in 1968, setting off riots in more than 100 cities?

A) Montgomery, Alabama
B) Atlanta, Georgia
C) Memphis, Tennessee
D) Dallas, Texas
E) Watts, California

Question 28

Of the following, which has the HIGHEST average wage?

A) white, non-Hispanic women
B) African American men
C) African American women
D) Hispanic men
E) Hispanic women

Question 29

Where did most of the initial battles for women's rights take place?

A) at the federal level
B) in the courts
C) in the home
D) with the president
E) at the state level

Question 30

Which civil rights legislation banned discriminatory voter registration practices, and mandated federal intervention in any county with less than 50 percent of those eligible registered to vote?

A) Civil Rights Act of 1964
B) Voting Rights Act of 1965
C) Civil Rights Act of 1965
D) Civil Rights Act of 1968
E) Voting Rights Act of 1968

Question 31

Which of the following were used in southern states during the Jim Crow era to deny African Americans their voting rights?

A) white primaries
B) literacy tests
C) poll taxes
D) grandfather clauses
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 32

Which amendment to the Constitution prohibits the federal government from abridging or denying citizens the right to vote on account of sex?

A) Twentieth
B) Twenty-First
C) Nineteenth
D) Eighteenth
E) Fourteenth

Question 33

Another name for the Civil Rights Act of 1872, which made it a federal crime to deprive individuals of their rights, is the

A) Enforcement Act.
B) Anti-Ku Klux Klan Act.
C) Voting Rights Act.
D) Equal Voting Rights Act.
E) Equal Opportunity Act.

Question 34

Who was the first African American to sit on the U.S. Supreme Court?

A) Thurgood Marshall
B) Clarence Thomas
C) W. E. B. Du Bois
D) Oswald Garrison Villard
E) Richard Wright

Question 35

In what year did 18-year-olds get the right to vote?

A) 1828
B) 1868
C) 1919
D) 1948
E) 1971

Question 36

In 1848, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the first meeting of the U.S. women's rights movement at

A) Seneca Falls, New York.
B) Chicago, Illinois.
C) St. Louis, Missouri.
D) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
E) Charleston, South Carolina.

Question 37

In its 2013 Shelby v. Alabama decision about voting rights, the Supreme Court

A) found unconstitutional a portion of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
B) found unconstitutional the entirety of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
C) ordered the Justice Department to send more voting monitors to several southern states.
D) determined that no citizen shall be required to produce identification in order to vote.
E) determined that all House of Representatives district boundaries must be approved by a federal judge.

Question 38

Which African American writer, scholar, and social activist is considered the father of social science?

A) Oswald Garrison Villard
B) William Lloyd Garrison
C) Richard Wright
D) Ralph Ellison
E) W. E. B. Du Bois

Question 39

Southern miscegenation laws that banned interracial marriage or cohabitation are an example of

A) a grandfather clause.
B) de jure segregation.
C) de facto segregation.
D) the separate but equal doctrine.
E) the Black Codes.

Question 40

Of the following, which has the LOWEST average wage?

A) white, non-Hispanic women
B) African American men
C) African American women
D) Hispanic men
E) Hispanic women

Question 41

Identify the three tests used by the federal government to determine the legality of suspect classifications.

Question 42

Which is the largest minority group in the United States?

A) African Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Latinos
D) Native Americans
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 43

The experience of facing discrimination for multiple reasons, such as because you are black, low-income, and female is known as

A) steering.
B) de facto segregation.
C) de jure segregation.
D) intersectionality.
E) heightened scrutiny.

Question 44

The mass movement for Mexican American civil rights, of which Cesar Chavez was a leader, is known as

A) the Latino Movement.
B) LULAC.
C) the Chicano Movement.
D) NALEO.
E) the Lambda Legal Movement.

Question 45

Which 1971 Court decision established Latinos as a legally recognized minority group in the United States?

A) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
B) United States v. Lopez
C) Mendez v. Westminister
D) Corpus Christi Independent School District v. Cisneros
E) Lawrence v. Texas

Question 46

the Supreme Court ruled that in making admissions decisions universities could consider race

A) not at all.
B) as long as it was rationally related to a reasonable university policy.
C) as a factor, but not an overriding factor.
D) as its sole consideration.
E) only if the university could show a lack of diversity.

Question 47

Private companies, nonprofit organizations, and government agencies that receive federal government contracts worth at least ________ are required by law to have an affirmative action plan.

A) $1,000
B) $5,000
C) $10,000
D) $50,000
E) $100,000

Question 48

When did the second wave of the women's movement begin?

A) 1930s
B) 1940s
C) 1950s
D) 1960s
E) 1970s

Question 49

What was the main purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments, passed in 2008?

A) To decrease the amount of benefits the federal government paid to disabled people
B) To broaden the meaning and scope of the term "disability"
C) To give states greater leeway in how they treated the disabled
D) To replace the Americans with Disabilities Act
E) To narrow the list of conditions considered disabilities

Question 50

Which U.S. president was the first to define and use the term affirmative action?

A) Franklin Roosevelt
B) Dwight Eisenhower
C) John F. Kennedy
D) Lyndon Johnson
E) Jimmy Carter

Question 51

Under the 1976 case of Craig v. Boren, in order for different treatment in a sex-based discrimination case to be legal it must be

A) necessary to achieve a compelling public interest.
B) a reasonable means for achieving a legitimate public interest.
C) substantially related to an important government interest.
D) rationally related to a legitimate government interest.
E) narrowly tailored because it deals with a suspect classification.

Question 52

Critics of affirmative action argue that it

A) unreasonably favors certain minority groups over others.
B) discriminates against Caucasian Americans.
C) is a waste of federal resources.
D) contains too many loopholes and exceptions.
E) is no longer needed, as no discrimination exists in America today.

Question 53

Which Native American movement, formed in 1968, pursued aggressive tactics in an attempt to gain full legal equality?

A) American Indian Movement
B) American Indian Defense Association
C) Indian Rights Association
D) Society of American Indians
E) Native Americans for Justice

Question 54

Colleges and universities use affirmative action policies to ensure a student body that is diverse in

A) race.
B) color.
C) economic status.
D) place of origin.
E) race, color, economic status, and place of origin.

Question 55

Of the following groups, which had the LOWEST participation rate in the 2012 presidential election?

A) African Americans
B) Latinos
C) whites
D) African Americans and Latinos had very similar participation rates.
E) Whites and Latinos had very similar participation rates.

Question 56

What year saw the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, which enhances the federal prohibition of discrimination against people with disabilities?

A) 1968
B) 1973
C) 1988
D) 1990
E) 2008

Question 57

Women were provided equal protection under the law by

A) the Equal Pay Act.
B) Title VII.
C) Title IX.
D) the Equal Rights Amendment.
E) Title VII, Title IX, and the Equal Pay Act.

Question 58

What outcome resulted from most of the 370 treaties entered into between Native American tribes and the federal government between 1778 and 1870?

A) The tribes received access to land.
B) The tribes were granted resource and occupancy rights, but not land.
C) The tribes and the federal government reached financial settlements.
D) The federal government reneged on its promises, and the tribes received no land.
E) The tribes sued the federal government for increased lands, and often won.

Question 59

From which country of origin does the largest percentage of Asian Americans derive?

A) India
B) China
C) Japan
D) Korea
E) the Philippines

Question 60

Which minority group enjoys the highest median income?

A) African Americans
B) Mexican Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Native Americans
E) Latinos

Question 61

Discuss the origins and features of Jim Crow laws.

Question 62

Identify the purpose and impact of the 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act.

Question 63

Explain the key features of the separate but equal doctrine created by the Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson.

Question 64

Explain the impact of the civil rights movement on voter registration in the southern states.

Question 65

Discuss the role played by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in developing effective strategies against racial discrimination.

Question 66

Discuss the development and impact of the Chicano Movement on the process of achieving equal rights for Hispanic Americans.

Question 67

Discuss the reasons behind the failure to ratify the ERA (Equal Rights Amendment).

Question 68

Discuss the effects of the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) of 1990 on the civil rights of disabled Americans.

Question 69

Outline the important provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.