Deck 7: Organization Change and Innovation

Question 1

The steps in the comprehensive change model outlined in the text are similar to the steps in the classical model of decision making.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The basic reason for change is that something relevant to the organization has changed or is likely to in the foreseeable future.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Retail stores that reduce size to appeal to elderly customers are using reactive change.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Internal forces for change may be the result of external forces for change.

Question 5

Changes in power and status are the major reasons people resist change.

Question 6

Force-field analysis is a technique that helps managers overcome resistance to change.

Question 7

One of the most common reasons for resisting change is threatened self-promotion.

Question 8

Reactive change anticipates future events.

Question 9

U.S.Steel and the United Steelworkers announced a tentative agreement on a new three-year contract.This is an example of reactive change.

Question 10

Hurricane Isaac caused the Republican National Convention to postpone speakers for one day.This is an example of reactive change.

Question 11

Lewin's model is a comprehensive approach to change.

Question 12

A change in the organization's information processing system is an example of a structural change.

Question 13

Changing people's attitudes and values is one of the easier forms of organization change to accomplish.

Question 14

It is during the unfreezing phase of Lewin's change model that members of the organization become aware of the need for change.

Question 15

Because of its proximity to the organization,the task environment is an even more powerful force for change than the general environment.

Question 16

A change in the organization's compensation system is an example of a people-focused change.

Question 17

Enterprise resource planning or ERP is the radical redesign of all aspects of a business to achieve major gains in cost,service,or time.

Question 18

Johanna has asked her sales force to undergo training in communication.This is an example of changing organization structure.

Question 19

Employee perceptions and expectations are a frequent focus of organization change.

Question 20

Any substantive modification to any part of the organization is known as organizational change.

Question 21

There are no sure things when dealing with social systems such as organizations,and the effectiveness of many OD techniques is difficult to evaluate.

Question 22

Reengineering works best when the organization begins the process with what it wants to maintain.

Question 23

Chicago teachers went on strike right after the school year started.Unions negotiating for higher wages is a(n)____ force for change.

A)internal
B)managerial
C)external
D)radical
E)technical

Question 24

One of the fundamental assumptions of organization development (OD)is that workers are lazy and indifferent to the quality of their work,and thus they need to be developed.

Question 25

Innovation application involves the evaluation,modification,and improvement of creative ideas.

Question 26

Radical innovations are new products or processes that modify existing products or technologies.

Question 27

When the Presidency and control of Congress goes from one party to the other it is a(n)____ force for change.

A)internal
B)managerial
C)technical
D)radical
E)external

Question 28

Substantive modification of any part of an organization is known as

A)organization development.
B)organizing.
C)organization implementation.
D)organization change.
E)organizational structure.

Question 29

General Motors filed documents with the SEC to approve an IPO of shares.The shares were to be used to pay the US government for money spent rescuing the car company.Filing the documents was part of which step in the change process?

A)Recognition of the need for change
B)Establishment of goals for the change
C)Selection of appropriate change technique
D)Actual implementation
E)Evaluation and follow-up

Question 30

The top executives have decided to reorganize the corporation from product divisions into geographic sectors.This is a(n)____ force for change.

A)internal
B)managerial
C)external
D)radical
E)technical

Question 31

What stage of the Lewin model of organization change is exemplified by managers letting people who will be affected by an impending change know the reasons for the change?

A)Implementing
B)Recognizing
C)Refreezing
D)Transforming
E)Unfreezing

Question 32

Subaru added the XV model to its line of automobiles.This is an example of ____ change.

A)reactive
B)planned
C)external
D)radical
E)technical

Question 33

Amazon released new Kindle Fires.It hopes to gain customers and increase content sales by 50%.Amazon is in which step in the change process?

A)Recognition of the need for change
B)Establishment of goals for the change
C)Selection of appropriate change technique
D)Actual implementation
E)Evaluation and follow-up

Question 34

Shopping cart manufacturers who develop carts that are more easily maneuvered by senior citizens are using process innovation.

Question 35

Reengineering is the process of planned change and improvement of organizations through the application of knowledge of the behavioral sciences.

Question 36

The idea that organization change may have substantial effects extending far beyond the area in which the change actually takes place relates to one of the integrative management theories presented earlier in the text.What is that theory?

A)Systems theory
B)Contingency theory
C)Scientific management theory
D)Theory X
E)Theory Y

Question 37

The average age of Americans is getting older.Retail managers who wear gloves to simulate arthritis and then shop in their stores are using managerial innovation.

Question 38

Reengineering represents a managerial innovation.

Question 39

Innovation is the managed effort of an organization to develop new products or services or new uses for existing products or services.

Question 40

When Amazon lowered the price of Kindle,Barnes and Noble lowered the price of Nook.This is an example of a(n)____ force for change.

A)internal
B)managerial
C)external
D)radical
E)technical

Question 41

Which of the following correctly represents the time order of the steps in the comprehensive model to change that is presented in your text?

A)Recognizing the need,setting goals,diagnosing causes,selecting a change technique,implementing the change,and evaluating the results
B)Setting goals,meeting with employees,evaluating the environment,monitoring competitors' response,and implementing the change
C)Diagnosing causes,setting goals,selecting a change technique,overcoming resistance to change,finding compromise solutions,and evaluating the results
D)Recognizing the need,selecting a change technique,choosing a change leader,implementing the change,and publishing the results
E)None of these.

Question 42

The CEO retired abruptly.Her replacement will not be announced until a thorough search is completed.In the meantime,managers are playing it safe.As a result of ____,the managers are resistant to change.

A)feelings of loss
B)different perceptions
C)participation
D)facilitation
E)uncertainty

Question 43

Studies of the organization change process found that participation

A)reduces the need for communication.
B)encourages employees to adopt differing perceptions.
C)increases productivity and cooperation.
D)increases productivity but has no effect on cooperation.
E)leads to higher training costs.

Question 44

According to the Lewin model,building a new plant in Texas is an example of which step in the change process?

A)Unfreezing
B)Process change
C)Reengineering
D)Implementing the change
E)Refreezing

Question 45

A force-field analysis identifies

A)management potential in existing employees.
B)differing perceptions among future employees.
C)differing perceptions among managers regarding structural change.
D)factors that facilitate and hinder organization change.
E)the appropriate span of management for an organization.

Question 46

Wendy is reluctant to accept a new job offer because there are so many unknowns.According to the text,the most likely reason for such employee resistance to change is

A)threatened self-interests.
B)different perceptions.
C)uncertainty.
D)participation.
E)feelings of loss.

Question 47

When a board of directors chooses an internal candidate for CEO it reduces resistance to change because employees already know more about the boss.This is a form of

A)participation.
B)force-field analysis.
C)education and communication.
D)facilitation.
E)all of these.

Question 48

Which of the following might be a goal for change for an organization?

A)To increase sales by 5%
B)To open a new plant
C)To identify a merger opportunity
D)To improve customer satisfaction
E)All of these.

Question 49

In general,the most common cause of worker resistance to change is

A)threatened self-interests.
B)uncertainty.
C)different perceptions.
D)feelings of loss.
E)participation.

Question 50

The manager's role as monitor is essential to which step in the comprehensive approach to change?

A)Recognizing the need for change
B)Understanding how to implement change
C)Setting goals for change
D)Selecting a change technique
E)Planning change implementation

Question 51

When managers let people who will be affected by an impending change know the reasons for the change,the ____ stage of the Lewin model of organization change has been reached.

A)refreezing
B)process change
C)unfreezing
D)implementing the change
E)reengineering

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of an organization's change in technology and operations?

A)Enhanced job design
B)Additional training for workers
C)Adoption of automated information systems
D)New compensation program
E)All of these

Question 53

Which of the following is an explanation of the resistance to change that a worker might feel because the worker disagrees with management that the type of change selected will be best for the organization in the long-run?

A)Threatened self-interests
B)Uncertainty
C)Participation
D)Different perceptions
E)Feelings of loss

Question 54

Hurricane Irene pummeled the pumpkin crop for the Northeast.Wholesalers reached out to growers in the Midwest and Canada as prices more than doubled.Hurricane Irene created change in the area of

A)people.
B)operations.
C)structure and design.
D)facilitation.
E)None of these.

Question 55

Rajan is trying to adopt more automated equipment in his soda bottling facility,and workers are resisting the change.When Rajan decides to hold a meeting to explain to workers how the change will be beneficial to them,he is using ____ as a means of overcoming resistance to change.

A)participation
B)force-field analysis
C)division of labor
D)education
E)feelings of loss

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a reason why employees are resistant to change?

A)Threatened self-interests
B)Different perceptions
C)Risk propensity
D)Participation
E)Feelings of loss

Question 57

When the CEO wanted to move HR to the suburbs the HR director perceived she would get less face time with her boss.As a result of ____,the director was resistant to the change.

A)feelings of loss
B)different perceptions
C)participation
D)threatened self-interest
E)uncertainty

Question 58

Which of the following exemplifies the first step in the comprehensive organization change model described in the text?

A)Setting standards for a new absenteeism control procedure
B)Noticing that the pension fund has less cash in it than needed to provide the guaranteed employee benefits
C)Determining the probable causes of a recently detected drop in the level of employee job satisfaction
D)Investigating different techniques for enhancing employee job satisfaction
E)Planning a set of meetings to help employees understand the procedures in the company's new quality program

Question 59

In most change situations,there are factors that will make the job of change more difficult and others that seem to ease the change process.The process by which the manager identifies and then eliminates as many of the forces against change as possible is called

A)facilitation.
B)implementation.
C)force-field analysis.
D)participative development.
E)communication and education.

Question 60

The mobile device security market is expected to quadruple in five years.Anti-virus company Webroot is expanding its mobile device department.This organization change was an example of change in

A)people.
B)technology and operations.
C)structure and design.
D)social responsibility.
E)organization mission.

Question 61

The first stage of the organizational innovation process is

A)growing.
B)applying.
C)launching.
D)developing.
E)managing.

Question 62

The introduction of Kindle Fire paperwhite featured a new screen and lighting.Amazon was in the ____ phase of the innovation process.

A)development
B)launch
C)growth
D)maturity
E)decline

Question 63

LG hoped to bring the first 4K TVs to market,which would have four times the resolution of previous models.LG's first step is this process was to

A)get top management support for the plan.
B)develop goals and a strategy for this reengineering.
C)create a sense of urgency among its employees.
D)optimize the availability of potentially necessary reengineering resources.
E)hire a change agent.

Question 64

Boeing has internal consultants who help executives learn about how others see them and improve performance for the future.Boeing is using the OD technique

A)technostructural activities.
B)process consultation.
C)team building.
D)coaching and counseling.
E)third-party peacemaking.

Question 65

Oscar Pistorius was the first "blade runner" in the Olympics.He was living,running proof that prosthetics technology was changing the world for disabled people.His blades were a(n)____ innovation.

A)process
B)incremental
C)radical
D)mechanical
E)managerial

Question 66

The members of the various boards of a church gathered information about the church in several ways: conducting surveys,holding meetings,interviewing church staff,and examining minutes of past church meetings.This is an example of the OD intervention technique known as

A)intergroup activities.
B)technostructural activities.
C)third-party peacemaking.
D)diagnostic activities.
E)process consultation.

Question 67

Reengineering involves

A)radical redesign.
B)cost.
C)all aspects of a business.
D)time.
E)All of these.

Question 68

In the reengineering process,the first step is setting goals and developing a strategy.The second step is

A)starting with a clean slate to re-create the organization.
B)emphasizing top management's commitment to reengineering.
C)implementing the chosen strategy across the organization.
D)optimizing top-down and bottom-up perspectives.
E)creating a sense of urgency among managers.

Question 69

The normal process within an organization that leads to a system decline is known as

A)reengineering.
B)synergy.
C)process change.
D)innovation.
E)entropy.

Question 70

Reengineering is needed when an organization

A)experiences entropy.
B)is dominant in its market.
C)changes its technology rapidly.
D)wants to improve employee morale.
E)wants to gradually change aspects of its structure.

Question 71

The process used by an organization to transform inputs into outputs is known as

A)reengineering.
B)innovation.
C)technology.
D)radical innovation.
E)incremental innovation.

Question 72

The radical redesign of all aspects of an organization in order to achieve major gains in cost reduction,service delivery,or reduction in order-processing time is known as

A)entropy.
B)process change.
C)innovation.
D)reengineering.
E)system change.

Question 73

Human resources at Pfizer helps identify top performers who are eligible for a special program that helps them set goals and map their future career.Pfizer is using the OD technique

A)technostructural activities.
B)life and career planning.
C)team building.
D)coaching and counseling.
E)third-party peacemaking.

Question 74

When organizational change involves planned alteration of the work processes or work activities,the change primarily involves the area of

A)people.
B)technology and operations.
C)social responsibility.
D)strategy.
E)structure and design.

Question 75

General Motors frequently asks its employees to measure such things as supervisor effectiveness.Which OD technique was GM using?

A)Third-party peacemaking
B)Survey feedback
C)Team building
D)Technostructural activities
E)Force-field analysis

Question 76

Which of the following represents organization change by means of change in technology / operations?

A)Changing line and staff relationships
B)Upgrading the management information system
C)Training people to give them new skills and abilities
D)Redesigning jobs
E)Having some components of your product made overseas

Question 77

The steps in the reengineering process involve

A)developing goals and a strategy for reengineering.
B)creating a sense of urgency.
C)re-creating the organization.
D)using top management to play a major role in the effort.
E)All of these.

Question 78

During which phase of the organizational innovation process do most organizations have access to an innovation and apply it in the same way?

A)Development
B)Maturity
C)Launch
D)Growth
E)Application

Question 79

The steps in the reengineering process do NOT involve

A)developing goals and a strategy for reengineering.
B)creating a sense of urgency.
C)changing the firm's competitors.
D)recreating the organization.
E)using top management to play a major role in the effort.

Question 80

Which of the following is a possible diagnostic activity within organization development?

A)Questionnaires
B)Attitude surveys
C)Archival data
D)Conversations with managers
E)All of these.