Deck 13: Culture and Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Cardiovascular diseases affect the heart and the circulatory system.The ethnic group(s)with the lowest rate of cardiovascular disease is:

A)European Americans
B)African Americans
C)Asian or Pacific Islanders
D)Latinos

Answer 1

Asian or Pacific Islanders

Question 2

Laboratory studies measuring participants' cardiovascular reactivity to different stressors have found that _____ show higher blood pressure responses and epinephrine responses to tasks compared with European Americans.

A)Asian Americans
B)Latinos
C)Native Americans
D)African Americans

Answer 2

African Americans

Question 3

What ethnic group has the lowest rate of strokes?

A)Asian American
B)Native American
C)African American
D)European American

Answer 3

European American

Question 4

The increased risk of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes is due,in part,to:

A)the increase in sugar in the bloodstream thus increasing the density of the blood
B)irregularities in fat storage and metabolism
C)the extra stress caused on the veins due to the chronic health condition
D)the electrolyte balance is off,and causing cardiomyopathy

Question 5

Japan has this type of culture:

A)neutral culture
B)affect culture
C)constraint culture
D)individualistic culture.

Question 6

Heart disease rates for the United States _____ between 1999 and 2005.

A)increased 25%
B)stayed the same
C)decreased for women 24.2%
D)dropped 25.8%

Question 7

One psychological factor that has NOT been intrinsically tied to the incidence and progression of cardiovascular diseases is:

A)neurotic personality
B)anger
C)depression
D)social support

Question 8

Accelerated blood pressure due to time constraints is less common in cultures that:

A)follow fluid versus fixed time
B)follow fixed versus fluid time
C)Time orientation does not affect blood pressure
D)Time orientation affects blood pressure for individuals who are collectivistic

Question 9

One major source of information of the course and development of heart disease is the:

A)Alameda County Study
B)Framingham Study
C)Berkeley Study
D)MacArthur Study

Question 10

Alexandra believes that the outcome of life is in the hands of God.This belief is part of the:

A)collectivist culture
B)individualistic culture
C)control culture
D)constraint culture

Question 11

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is also known as:

A)HDL
B)LDL
C)triglycerides
D)dyslipidemia

Question 12

High blood pressure is positively correlated to dark skin color due to:

A)the amount of melanin
B)societal discrimination
C)unique coping skills with anger
D)biological differences in heart wall

Question 13

Changes in heart rate and blood pressure in response to stress is:

A)a coronary episode
B)cardiovascular response
C)cardiovascular reactivity
D)cardiovascular metabolism

Question 14

Hardening of the arteries is the condition in which the arteries lose their elasticity and are more susceptible to blockages from clots or plaques.The term for this condition is called:

A)arteriosclerosis
B)artherosclerosis
C)Alzheimer's Disease
D)dyslipidemia.

Question 15

Hamner & Wilder (2008)used the Coronary Heart Disease Knowledge Test to measure knowledge of cardiovascular disease in rural Alabama women.The women recognized that smoking and obesity were issues,but were less aware of other factors such as:

A)personality,oral contraceptive use and diabetes
B)regional location,altitude
C)family history and socioeconomic status
D)personality and educational level of household.

Question 16

Cardiovascular reactivity is the changes in heart rate and blood pressure in response to stress.It is known that:

A)that cardiovascular reactivity varies greatly between individuals
B)discrimination is not related to reactivity among Latinos
C)discrimination is not related to reactivity among African Americans
D)discrimination is related to reactivity among European Americans

Question 17

Individuals in these cultures may have higher levels of anxiety and stress and correspondingly have more risk for heart problems.

A)constraint cultures
B)control cultures
C)affect cultures
D)collectivist cultures

Question 18

The accumulation of fatty substances in the blood vessels is called:

A)arteriosclerosis
B)atherosclerosis
C)thrombosis
D)cholesterol

Question 19

In the 2008 cross-sectional Study of Women's Health Across the Nation,African American women had the highest median C-reactive protein levels.This means that:

A)they were in risk of chronic heart disease
B)they had a reduced risk of chronic heart disease
C)they had genetic predisposition for a hormone that inhibits heart attacks.
D)they already had a heart attack.

Question 20

Developmental issues that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease does NOT include:

A)marriage
B)rapid childhood weight gain
C)first job
D)satisfying relationships

Question 21

Feeling sad and depressed will:

A)will not affect heart problems
B)increase the Kellwood of heart problems
C)only affect people with history of cardiac disease.
D)buffers an individual from the risks of heart disease.

Question 22

Japan and China both have relatively high rates of smoking,but cardiovascular mortality and morbidity are not proportionally as high.The reason for this may be due to:

A)a lower rate of other unhealthy behaviors
B)these smokers do not inhale
C)these smokers stay away from secondary smoke
D)the cigarettes have different chemicals in them than other countries

Question 23

The Wilber-Lampen (2008)study of the 2006 World Cup soccer games played by Germany showed that watching a stressful soccer game more than _____ the risk of an acute cardiovascular event.

A)doubles
B)triples
C)quadruples
D)any other sport increases

Question 24

If Gwenn is a survivor of a heart attack,she is depressed,and therefore is at risk of:

A)increased mortality in the 6-month period after the first heart attack
B)increased risk of needing angioplasty
C)having a reduction in her LDL levels
D)nothing more,being depressed does not indicate that she is at risk of anything

Question 25

Carlos had a heart attack this past year.If Carlos was not married,he would be more likely to die:

A)during the first heart attack
B)during a second heart attack
C)over a 5-year period if he did not have a close confidant
D)only if he were a drinker of alcoholic beverages

Question 26

Bette has arteriosclerosis.She has to deliver a very difficult presentation in the morning.This stressor:

A)has no potential to trigger any heart problems
B)has the potential to trigger a heart problem
C)would trigger a heart problem if she had arteriosclerosis but not arteriosclerosis
D)would only affect men with arteriosclerosis.

Question 27

One variable in the relationships between hostility and increased risk of cardiovascular disease is:

A)carotenoid is high.
B)carotenoid is low.
C)carotene is high.
D)None of the above is true.

Question 28

Marie and Carlos are married.Carlos had a heart attack and wants to continue with the fatty diet that he prefers.Marie will not cook him any more fatty foods,nor will allow him to smoke his cigarettes at home.Marie is playing the role of:

A)moderator
B)antagonizer
C)co-dependent
D)passive supporter

Question 29

Antioxidants may be mediators for:

A)atherosclerosis
B)arteriosclerosis
C)cardiac arrest
D)low cholesterol

Question 30

The number one behavior to avoid to minimize the risks for cardiovascular disease is:

A)poor eating habits
B)smoking
C)excessive drinking of alcoholic drinks
D)reduce stress

Question 31

Which of the following does NOThave an association with the incidence of cardiovascular disease:

A)stress at work
B)environmental stress caused by low socioeconomic status
C)interpersonal relationships
D)dating.

Question 32

Orth-Gomer et al.(2000)followed women for an average of 5 years after hospitalization for cardiac diseases to look at the longitudinal effects of marital stress.They found:

A)stressful marital relationships may affect these women's prognosis
B)living alone without a partner may affect their prognosis
C)their partners reported more stress then the women
D)an increase in divorce following hospitalization.

Question 33

What country has a term for "death from overwork"?

A)Sweden
B)Lithuania
C)Japan
D)London

Question 34

Quitting smoking has a number of benefits.In the context of cardiovascular disease,results from a large sample longitudinal study (Doll et al.,2004)suggests that:

A)quitting is better for men who are 60 or above
B)quitting is good regardless of age.
C)quitting is only effective for young men
D)quitting is most effective if men stop drinking alcoholic drinks as well

Question 35

In a study of ethnically diverse populations,two health behaviors influenced by social support that may have the result of reducing cardiovascular disease are:

A)exercise and wine intake
B)eating broccoli and blueberries
C)watching comedy shows and going to the movies.
D)increased rest and relaxation

Question 36

Studies found that higher rates of cardiovascular disease were seen in men who were British civil servants in the Whitehall part of London:

A)who worked in higher administrative positions
B)who worked in clerical positions
C)and worked in the lower employment grade
D)and who were barristers (attorneys).

Question 37

Claudia is an administrator of a hospital.She has a department that has personnel issues with hostile behavior.Claudia knows that if she incorporates anger-management treatments for the staff in this department,the company's insurance will save the following just in hospitalization costs in the following 6 months:

A)For every 2 dollars spent,there is a savings of 6 dollars.
B)For every dollar spent,there is 2 dollars saved.
C)For every 20 dollars,10 dollars is saved.
D)No money will be saved,as anger-management treatments will not affect health care costs.

Question 38

Simon is stressed about a fender bender car accident at a busy intersection.His physiological core response to the stress is that his blood pressure is raised due to:

A)an increase in his blood sugar
B)catecholamines and cortisol,which pump into the bloodstream and increase blood flow
C)reduced metabolization of food that was eaten prior to the accident
D)the parasympathetic system has decreased his metabolism

Question 39

In regards to the Type A personality:

A)Type B personality is really at a higher risk for a heart attack
B)it is the hostility factor that can trigger a heart attack
C)anger episodes occur 24 hours prior to a heart attack
D)if you have one,you are at a higher risk for heart attack

Question 40

In a study with Swedish participants,the researchers found:

A)that elders with high social participation had second heart attacks
B)that individuals with low social participation were more than twice as likely to have another heart attack than those with high social participation
C)that individuals with high social participation were more than twice as likely to have another heart attack than those with low social participation
D)women with high social participation had heart attacks

Question 41

A patient in a cardiac rehabilitation program frequently will learn how to:

A)increase physical activity,and improve social support
B)reduce salt intake
C)take aspirin everyday
D)All of the these are true

Question 42

There are two main forms of invasive surgery to deal with blockages:

A)angioplasty and cardiac bypass surgery
B)angioplasty and liposuction
C)cardiac bypass surgery and bariatric surgery
D)heart transplant and cardiac bypass surgery

Question 43

Ornish et al .(1998)worked with a control group and an intensive lifestyle change group.The intensive lifestyle change group was given a vegetarian diet,with minimal egg and dairy products,caffeine and alcohol beverages not allowed,and they also had other lifestyle changes.Compared to the control group,the intensive lifestyle group:

A)did not have any noted improvements in coronary arteriosclerosis
B)had a 50% reduction in blockages
C)had an 82% reduction in blockages
D)had an increase in 20% of blockages

Question 44

Ben-Shlomo,Naqvi,& Baker (2008)found that South Asians do not use ambulances as often when experiencing heart emergencies.

Question 45

Plaques that clog arteries and put one at risk for cardiovascular disease are composed of:

A)protein
B)fiber
C)fat
D)cholesterol

Question 46

The most common recommended form of exercise is cardiovascular training,especially:

A)Zumba and running
B)kickboxing and judo
C)tennis and golf
D)walking and increasing movement

Question 47

Cardiac bypass surgery:

A)puts a stent in the heart to redirect blood flow
B)a thin flexible tube is inserted through an artery
C)takes a blood vessel from elsewhere in the body,and use it to redirect blood flow around a severely blocked artery
D)consists of a surgical procedure where the blocked artery is cleaned out by laser surgery

Question 48

A somewhat paradoxical health behavior that has been linked with lowering the risk for cardiovascular disease is moderate:

A)sun exposure
B)alcohol consumption
C)fruit consumption
D)smoking

Question 49

Women experience more strokes than men.

Question 50

Men with diabetes are 7 times as likely to develop cardiocerebrovascular disease.

Question 51

The higher risk for heart attacks shown by South Asians is attributed in part to a higher prevalence of diabetes.

Question 52

There is only one form of invasive surgery that can deal with blockages in the heart: cardiac bypass surgery.

Question 53

Studies have shown that diets comprised of the following reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes:

A)dairy,processed meat,biscuits
B)fruit,vegetables,whole-grain bread
C)pasta,rice,vegetables
D)fries,processed meat,white bread

Question 54

Younger women with poor social networks and older retired women with more extensive social networks have a higher incidence of cardiac problems.

Question 55

Another name for reduced blood flow is:

A)heart attack
B)coronary bypass surgery
C)ischemia
D)cardiovascular disease

Question 56

Diabetics are at a very low risk of coronary disease.

Question 57

Two cultural dimensions besides ethnicity can influence cardiovascular disease.One is the control versus restraint dimension,and the other is the level of emotionality.

Question 58

The best diet to keep cardiovascular disease at bay appears to be the:

A)Atkins diet
B)South Beach diet
C)Indo-Mediterranean diet
D)banana diet

Question 59

Deaths from cardiovascular disease have dropped in some European countries,yet heart problems and those related to the circulatory system are still the leading causes of death not only in North America,but also all around the world (WHO,2008).

Question 60

Expressing emotions leads to higher levels of cardiovascular disease.

Question 61

What developmental issues throughout the lifespan tie in to cardiovascular disease?

Question 62

How does diet play a role in cardiovascular disease?

Question 63

What is the relationship between stress and increased cardiovascular disease?

Question 64

What physiological factors predict the incidence of cardiovascular disease?

Question 65

How can cultural variations effect the incidence of cardiovascular disease?