Deck 14: Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa

Question 1

The flatworms typically have _______ cleavage.

A)Radial
B)Bilateral
C)Rotational
D)Discoidal
E)Spiral

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The nervous system of a freshwater planarian consists of

A)only a diffuse subepidermal nerve plexus underneath the ventral skin.
B)a simple brain of ganglion cells leading to a ladder-type nerve network.
C)only sensory and motor neurons,but no association neurons.
D)the first complex central nervous system.
E)no cells since they were lost along with other unnecessary systems in parasites.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Monogeneans hatch as

A)fully mature adults.
B)free-swimming larvae.
C)flagellated,amoeboid larvae.
D)larvae resembling gemmules of freshwater sponges.
E)None of the choices is correct

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Animals with three well-defined germ layers and that have one solid mass of tissue rather than tissues and organs nestled inside a body cavity are

A)acoelomate and triploblastic.
B)eucoelomate and diploblastic.
C)pseudocoelomate and triploblastic.
D)quasicoelomate and diploblastic.
E)coelomate and triploblastic.

Question 5

A farmer in a rice paddy in Asia becomes infected with the liver fluke by

A)eating infected snails.
B)drinking water contaminated with eggs.
C)eating infected fish that is undercooked or uncooked.
D)swimming or wading in infected water,where the cercariae enter the skin.
E)None of the choices is correct

Question 6

Tissues that seem to violate the cell theory because the nuclei are not separated by cell membranes are

A)parenchymal.
B)syncytial.
C)tegumental.
D)rhabdites.
E)vitellaria.

Question 7

Humans become infected with lung flukes by

A)eating infected fish.
B)eating infected crabs or crayfish.
C)drinking water contaminated with eggs.
D)wading in infected waters.
E)eating undercooked pork.

Question 8

The monogenetic flukes

A)are mostly ectoparasites.
B)are usually found in rabbits.
C)require an intermediate and a definitive host.
D)All of the choices are correct
E)None of the choices is correct

Question 9

In flame cells, rev: 11_05_2014_QC_57938

A)light is detected.
B)ciliated sperm are stored.
C)undigested food is expelled.
D)digestion of proteins takes place.
E)flagella drive fluids through tubules for excretion.

Question 10

The blood fluke Schistosoma is

A)an endoparasite and a Monogenean.
B)an endoparasite and a Digenean.
C)an ectoparasite and a Digenean.
D)an ectoparasite and a Monogenean.
E)None of the choices is correct

Question 11

Because some turbellarians fail to add yolk to the egg cells as they undergo oogenesis,yolk cells surround the zygote to provide nourishment.This development is referred to as

A)endolecithal.
B)ectolecithal.
C)syncytial.
D)oncospherical.
E)hydatid.

Question 12

The male copulatory organ of turbellarians is called a

A)rhabdite.
B)pilidium.
C)cirrus.
D)hydatid.
E)gonopore.

Question 13

The correct sequence of development in a typical fluke life cycle is

A)egg,miracidium,cercaria,sporocyst.
B)egg,miracidium,sporocyst,cercaria.
C)egg,sporocyst,cercaria,miracidium.
D)egg,cercaria,miracidium,sporocyst.
E)egg,sporocyst,miracidium,cercaria.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a class of the phylum Platyhelminthes?

A)Cestoda
B)Trematoda
C)Nemertea
D)Turbellaria
E)Monogenea

Question 15

The name of the free-swimming,ciliated stage that hatches from a trematode egg is the

A)miracidium.
B)sporocyst.
C)cercaria.
D)scolex.
E)proglottid.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about planaria is NOT true?

A)The rudimentary circulatory system has a small central heart
B)Planaria cut in half regenerate to form two complete worms
C)Movement occurs through ciliary cells and muscle movement
D)Tissue levels include endoderm (inner),mesoderm (middle),and ectoderm (outer)
E)Cephalization consists of a brain and sense organs in a head region

Question 17

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Trochophore larvae?

A)Have a prominent circlet of cilia
B)Are top-shaped
C)They occur in the early development of marine forms of Annelida
D)Their bodies are opaque
E)They sometimes contain accessory cilia circlets

Question 18

Turbellarians,such as the planaria,move by

A)flame cells.
B)small pseudopodia.
C)lateral undulation of muscles.
D)expulsion of fluids as seen in squid.
E)secreting a slime track of mucus and pushing against it with epidermal cilia and muscular waves.

Question 19

"Endolecithal" describes a situation in which

A)there is no yolk.
B)yolk is contained in separate cells outside the zygote.
C)yolk is provided inside the egg cell.
D)yolk is found around the perimeter of the zygote.
E)yolk is provided by the sperm cell.

Question 20

A planarian feeds by

A)attaching with a sucker and extracting blood.
B)scraping and sucking food particles via a midventral proboscis.
C)engulfing food particles through an anterior mouth and excreting waste via an anus.
D)soaking all nutrients from the environment through its thin epidermal surface.
E)sucking nutrients from the environment through its flame cell system.

Question 21

The long chains of bags of eggs,which hang behind the head of a tapeworm,is called a

A)strobila.
B)cercariae.
C)sporocysts.
D)scolex.
E)hydatid.

Question 22

If eggs or proglottids of the pork tapeworm are ingested,

A)a hydatid cyst may form.
B)nothing will form since we have to contract pork tapeworm from eating undercooked pork.
C)cysticercosis may occur with resulting blindness or death.
D)we may contract more pork tapeworms hanging in our intestine.
E)None of the choices is correct

Question 23

Because they have three germ layers,flatworms and ribbon worms are _______________.

Question 24

In tapeworms,the region just behind the scolex where new proglottids are differentiated is the

A)vitellaria.
B)pilidium.
C)strobila.
D)hydatid.
E)germinative zone.

Question 25

The region used for attachment of a tapeworm is called the

A)proglottid.
B)cercaria.
C)sporocyst.
D)scolex.
E)hydatid.

Question 26

Mesozoans

A)have two cell layers.
B)are flat,plate-like animals.
C)gave rise to the sponges.
D)have calcareous spicules.
E)have two germ layers.

Question 27

Platyhelminths are

A)carnivores in most cases.
B)nearly all marine dwellers.
C)nonparasitic.
D)mostly dioecious.
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 28

The large posterior attachment organ of the adult monogenean is a/an

A)rhabdite.
B)pilidium.
C)cirrus.
D)hydatid.
E)opisthaptor.

Question 29

Humans become infected with Taenia saginatus when they

A)eat poorly cooked fish.
B)eat poorly cooked pork.
C)eat poorly cooked beef.
D)eat unwashed salads.
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 30

How are schistosomes unique,compared to other trematodes?

A)They have separate male and female individuals,and the male is larger
B)At no stage in their life cycle do they leave the body of the host
C)Infections are easy to cure by drugs and surgery
D)They strike the rich and the poor,educated and ignorant,alike
E)All species must cycle through humans to survive

Question 31

If an individual turbellarian contains organs of both sexes,it is termed ______________ or hermaphroditic.

Question 32

Platyhelminthes have

A)a flow-through digestive tract.
B)flame cells.
C)a blood-vascular system.
D)an eversible proboscis.

Question 33

Marine forms of platyhelminths have a ciliated larvae that resembles which of the following?

A)Trochophore
B)Planula
C)Miracidium
D)Gemmule
E)None of the choices is correct

Question 34

Since flatworms and ribbon worms lack a coelom or a pseudocoel,they are termed _____________ animals.

Question 35

The intermediate host of the blood fluke is a

A)crayfish.
B)human.
C)frog.
D)dog.
E)None of the choices is correct

Question 36

Turbellarians have light-sensitive organs called _______________ or eyespots.

Question 37

Which is NOT a correct association of blood flukes?

A)Schistosoma mansoni-veins of large intestine
B)Schistosoma japonicum-veins of small intestine
C)Schistosoma haematobium-veins of urinary bladder
D)Schistosoma haematobium-least serious
E)Schistosoma japonicum-mild infections,never fatal

Question 38

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A)Planaria lack a unique larval stage
B)Planaria ingest food through a mouth located in the anterior region
C)Flukes have two suckers by which they attach to host tissues
D)Tapeworms have a scolex with hooks and suckers,by which they attach to the host's intestinal tissues
E)Tapeworms can enter the human body through undercooked meat,especially pork,which contains encysted larval forms

Question 39

How could you become infected with adult tapeworms?

A)Eating insufficiently cooked pork
B)Being bitten by a mosquito
C)Ingesting eggs in contaminated water
D)Eating freshly peeled fruit
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 40

A special cysticercus called a _______ grows slowly but can proliferate thousands of scolices to infect a carnivore.

A)Hydatid cyst
B)Pilidium larvae
C)Cysticercosis
D)Vitellaria
E)Rhynchocoel

Question 41

Rotifers are _____

A)primarily marine.
B)dioecious.
C)animals with a complete digestive tract.
D)animals that can survive if their aquatic environment dries up.

Question 42

Most monogeneans are external parasites of ____________.

Question 43

Which of the following organisms lives between sand grains and wasn't described until 2000?

A)Micrognathoozoans
B)Rotifers
C)Gastrotrichs
D)Acanthocephalans

Question 44

Taenia solium is a dangerous tapeworm because humans can serve as its ______________ host.

Question 45

Acanthocephalans

A)parasitize birds and mammals.
B)are monoecious.
C)have a well developed digestive tract.
D)are found in the host's liver.

Question 46

The free-swimming,ciliated stage that hatches from a digenetic trematode egg is the _____________.

Question 47

Trematodes have a body covering known as a ______________.

Question 48

Rotifers that are "hunters" protect their hard jaws or _____ to seize prey.

A)Mastix
B)Trochal
C)Lorica
D)Trophi

Question 49

The main reproductive body "segment" of the cestode is called the ____________.

Question 50

Some rotifers have a thick case-like layer arranged in plates or rings called a _____.

A)mastix
B)trochal
C)lorica
D)trophi

Question 51

The mastix of a rotifer is used for

A)respiration.
B)capturing and grinding food.
C)swimming.
D)pumping blood.

Question 52

Which phyla have a characteristic number of cells the epithelia of different regions? Check all that apply.

Question 53

The holdfast of a tapeworm is its _______________.

Question 54

"Amictic" eggs would

A)be fertile but not develop.
B)be diploid and develop without fertilization.
C)be haploid and only develop if fertilized.
D)lack yolk.

Question 55

Beside "hunters" that seize prey,some rotifers are

A)"netters" that spread a fishing net to ensnare prey.
B)"trappers" that grasp prey and draw it into the rotifer mouth.
C)"ambushers" that pounce on prey that passes by at a distance.
D)"farmers" that grow food to eat.

Question 56

Fertilization in rotifers is achieved

A)externally with both eggs and sperm shed into the water.
B)by normal copulation of a penis and vaginal pore.
C)by transfer of sperm in a gelatinous spermatophore packet.
D)by hypodermic impregnation injecting sperm into the pseudocoel.

Question 57

The posterior attachment organ of monogeneans is the ________________.

Question 58

Ribbon worms do not regurgitate undigested wastes because their gut ends in an _____________.

Question 59

Minute,wormlike animals that live as parasites in invertebrates and have two cell layers are the _________________.

Question 60

Rotifers combine ovaries and yolk glands to form a _____ that supplies yolk to eggs through cytoplasmic bridges.

A)Mastax
B)Trochal
C)Lorica
D)Germovitellaria

Question 61

Predict the consequences of a gastrostomulidan with an impermeable outer covering.

A)Nothing would change,as the outer cover is already impermeable.
B)Reproduction would become impossible.
C)Exchange of gases would not occur.
D)Ingestion of nutrients would not occur.

Question 62

You are given a culture that contains gastrotrichs and gnathostomulidans.How could you specifically identify the gastrotrichs?

A)Convex dorsum,flattened ventrum
B)Presence of some monociliated cells
C)Specialized respiratory structures
D)Ability to endure low oxygen