Deck 15: Exercising

Question 1

​Pushing muscles hard against an immovable object is an example of _____ exercise.

A) ​aerobic
B) ​anaerobic
C) ​isokinetic
D) ​isometric

Answer 1

​isometric

Question 2

​Activities such as jogging, cross-country skiing, or swimming are classified as _________ exercise and activities such as short-distance running or softball are classified as _________ exercise.

A) ​anaerobic; aerobic
B) ​isometric; aerobic
C) ​aerobic; anaerobic
D) ​aerobic; isometric

Answer 2

​aerobic; anaerobic

Question 3

​Aerobic fitness tends to

A) ​increase muscle strength.
B) ​decrease resting heart rate.
C) ​decrease resting blood pressure.
D) ​decrease b and c, not increase A

Answer 3

​decrease b and c, not increase A

Question 4

​People who have high aerobic fitness, compared with those who have low aerobic fitness,

A) ​have about the same rate of all-cause mortality.
B) ​have a higher rate of all-cause mortality.
C) ​have a lower death rate from heart disease.
D) ​have a higher death rate from heart disease.

Question 5

What type of exercise requires specialized equipment to promote muscle strength and muscle endurance?

A) Isokinetic
B) Isotonic
C) Isometric
D) Anaerobic

Question 6

Isometric exercise is designed to

A) increase cardiovascular fitness.
B) increase lung capacity.
C) increase muscle endurance.
D) increase muscle strength.

Question 7

​Regarding diet, exercise, and weight loss, which statement is true?

A) ​Exercise alone can produce weight loss.
B) ​Dieters lose weight, but they also retain lean muscle tissue.
C) ​Exercisers lose weight, but they lose mostly lean muscle tissue.
D) ​Both a and b are true.

Question 8

​Willa is a track star in college. Her specialties are the 100-meter dash and the 200-meter dash. The type of exercise she is receiving during these races is mostly

A) ​isometric.
B) ​isotonic.
C) ​isokinetic.
D) ​anaerobic.

Question 9

​The type of exercise that requires the LEAST amount of physical activity is

A) ​isometric.
B) ​isotonic.
C) ​isokinetic.
D) ​anaerobic.

Question 10

​Aerobic fitness gained through vigorous physical activity

A) ​decreases the risk of heart attack.
B) ​decreases cardiorespiratory fitness.
C) ​increases resting heart rate.
D) ​decreases exercise-related injuries.

Question 11

What distinguishes anaerobic exercise from aerobic exercise?

A) The amount of muscle contraction
B) The amount of oxygen consumption
C) The degree of joint rotation
D) The amount of body movement

Question 12

​Organic fitness is determined by

A) ​inherent body characteristics.
B) ​taking the exercise stress test.
C) ​regular and strenuous exercise.
D) ​the degree of muscular strength.

Question 13

​What is/are the important features of aerobic exercise?

A) ​Intensity
B) ​Duration
C) ​Frequency
D) (a) and (b)

Question 14

Brooke is bedridden after an auto accident. What exercise would help her maintain muscular strength in her arms with a minimum of movement?

A) Isometric
B) Isotonic
C) Aerobic
D) Isokinetic

Question 15

​Cynthia injured her knee while downhill skiing and is currently in a rehab program to help regain strength and flexibility in her knee. She is most likely doing ________ exercise.

A) ​anaerobic
B) ​aerobic
C) ​isometric
D) ​isokinetic

Question 16

​If the goal of your exercise program is to improve your cardiovascular health, you should most likely engage in ________ exercise.

A) ​anaerobic
B) ​aerobic
C) ​isometric
D) ​isokinetic

Question 17

​Bess has moderate weight and good organic fitness. If she begins an aerobic exercise program, she will probably

A) ​lose 10 to 15 pounds.
B) ​gain 10 to 15 pounds.
C) ​increase lean body weight and decrease body fat.
D) ​decrease lean body weight and increase body fat.

Question 18

​Isotonic exercise is designed to

A) ​increase cardiovascular fitness.
B) ​increase muscle endurance.
C) ​increase muscle strength.
D) ​increase both (b) and (c).

Question 19

​Tatum was considered a natural athlete in college, but she has not been active since she left college 10 years ago. Presently, the type of fitness that Tatum probably has is

A) ​dynamic fitness.
B) ​organic fitness.
C) ​both dynamic and organic fitness.
D) ​neither dynamic nor organic fitness.

Question 20

​The type of fitness known as flexibility is best increased by

A) ​weight lifting.
B) ​stretching.
C) ​jogging.
D) ​short, fast runs.

Question 21

​Exercise like yoga and tai chi can help provide muscle _______.

A) ​strength
B) ​endurance
C) ​flexibility
D) ​fitness

Question 22

​Tara is relatively satisfied with the looks of her upper body, but she wants to lose weight on her hips while retaining the rest of her body composition. Tara should

A) ​understand spot reduction is unlikely.
B) ​begin a program of aerobic exercises.
C) ​begin to perform isometric exercises.
D) ​begin to perform isokinetic exercises.

Question 23

Research indicates that exercise protects against heart disease by

A) raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
B) raising total cholesterol.
C) lowering total cholesterol.
D) lowering high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Question 24

A 1978 study of Harvard alumni found those who expended 2,000 kcal weekly (like 20 miles of jogging or equivalent weekly) had lower heart attack risk than those less physically active. What else did this study find?​

A) ​More exercise also benefited the men who were smokers.
B) ​More exercise also benefited the men with hypertension.
C) ​More exercise also benefited the men in both (a) and (b).
D) ​More exercise than 2,000 kcal lowered heart risk further.

Question 25

Clinton was a long-distance runner in high school and college. Now, at age 30, he lives an inactive life. Clinton believes that his earlier experiences as a track star will offer permanent protection against cardiovascular disease (CVD). Clinton's

A) belief is correct.
B) belief is incorrect.
C) future risk of CVD will be about 50% lower compared to men his age who have never exercised.
D) future risk of CVD will be higher than men of his age who have never exercised.

Question 26

​Authors of recent (2011) studies have concluded which of these about the effects of physical activity on risk of all-cause mortality?

A) ​Some activity is far better than none, but more is no better than some.
B) ​Some activity is much better than none, and more is better than some.
C) ​More activity is better than none, but some is not any better than none.
D) ​No activity is better than a little, and some is greatly better than more.

Question 27

​Research has generally found that a program of regular physical activity

A) ​can add as much as two years to people's lives.
B) ​can lower levels of disability during old age.
C) ​can accomplish the outcomes in both a and B
D) ​results in more deaths than an inactive lifestyle.

Question 28

​Women who exercise

A) ​have about the same rate of all-cause mortality as men who exercise.
B) ​have a lower risk of all-cause mortality than do men who exercise.
C) ​have a higher risk of all-cause mortality than do men who exercise.
D) ​have about the same risk of all-cause mortality as men, but their rate of lung cancer is much higher than that of men who exercise.

Question 29

Joel, a 15-year-old high school sophomore, sits in front of his computer eating "junk food" almost constantly when he is not sleeping or in school. How can Joel's behavior affect his weight?

A) His inactivity is positively related to weight gain.
B) His high caloric intake is positively related to weight gain.
C) His eating increases his metabolic rate, which is related to weight loss.
D) Both a and b, but not c, are behavioral factors that can affect his weight.

Question 30

People may lose weight through exercise alone if they

A) do vigorous physical activity for about an hour daily.
B) combine isometric exercise with isokinetic exercise.
C) run for short distances at an extremely rapid speed.
D) combine isokinetic exercise with isotonic exercise.

Question 31

​Muscle _______ is a measure of how strongly a muscle can contract.

A) ​strength
B) ​endurance
C) ​flexibility
D) ​fitness

Question 32

Research has found that people who experienced the greatest benefits from physical activity were:

A) those who changed from a sedentary to an active lifestyle.
B) those who changed from an active to a more active lifestyle.
C) women.
D) children.

Question 33

​The benefits of physical activity are most strongly evident with

A) ​heart disease.
B) ​injuries.
C) ​cancer.
D) ​young children.

Question 34

​What is true about the relationship between muscle strength and muscle endurance?

A) ​A muscle may have endurance without strength.
B) ​A muscle may be strong but not have endurance.
C) ​A muscle needs each one of these to get the other.
D) ​A muscle needs a different exercise type for each.

Question 35

​Lynn would like to quit smoking, but she is concerned that she will gain weight. What advice would you give her?

A) ​Keep smoking, because some people who quit gain as many as 40 or 50 pounds.
B) ​Quit smoking, but begin a 1,000 calorie a day diet.
C) ​Quit smoking, eat regularly, and begin a regular physical activity program.
D) ​Quit smoking but begin a very low calorie diet and a physical activity program.

Question 36

​Arnold wants to increase his muscular strength; Sinclair wants to increase his muscular endurance. What should each of them do to achieve these goals?

A) ​Arnold should do more repetitions with less exertion; Sinclair should do fewer repetitions with more exertion.
B) ​Arnold should do more repetitions with more exertion; Sinclair should do fewer repetitions with less exertion.
C) ​Arnold should do fewer repetitions with less exertion; Sinclair should do more repetitions with more exertion.
D) ​Arnold should do fewer repetitions with more exertion; Sinclair should do more repetitions with less exertion.

Question 37

​Jerry is a professional football player and wants to increase his physical flexibility. What is most accurate about exercise toward this goal?

A) ​Any exercise that he does to increase muscle strength will decrease his flexibility.
B) ​Any exercise that he does to increase muscle endurance also increases flexibility.
C) ​Any exercise that he does to increase his flexibility will be the same for all joints.
D) ​Any exercise that he does to increase his flexibility will lower his risk of injuries.

Question 38

​The emphasis on exercise as a factor in weight control programs has come about because of research that found that

A) ​exercise elevates the rate of the body's metabolism.
B) ​exercise burns more calories than previously believed.
C) ​exercise acts differently on muscle tissue in the obese.
D) ​isometric exercise is the most advantageous type.

Question 39

​Which of these is characteristic of movement training designed to develop flexibility?

A) ​It involves sudden, fast movements and bouncing.
B) ​It involves slow, sustained, stretching movements.
C) ​It involves more intensity than endurance training.
D) ​It involves greater intensity than strength training.

Question 40

​A series of landmark longitudinal studies begun in the 1950s with San Francisco longshoremen by Paffenbarger and associates found which of the following relative to coronary heart disease (CHD) and physical activity (PA)?

A) ​Men who began in worse shape had higher CHD death rates despite PA.
B) ​Men who began in better shape had lower CHD death rates despite PA.
C) ​Men who had less PA over time had significantly greater CHD deaths.
D) ​Men who had more PA over time had significantly higher CHD deaths.

Question 41

​Evidence is clearest that physical activity protects against _____ cancer in both men and women.

A) ​colon
B) ​lung
C) ​stomach
D) ​skin

Question 42

​Evidence suggests that a regular exercise regimen can

A) ​decrease depression.
B) ​reduce anxiety.
C) ​buffer stress.
D) ​all of the above.

Question 43

​Physical activity can be a useful treatment for_______ and may offer some protection against the development of _______.

A) ​Type II diabetes; Type I diabetes
B) ​Type I diabetes; Type II diabetes
C) ​Type I diabetes; gestational diabetes
D) ​Type I diabetes; Type I diabetes

Question 44

Physically active people can expect to live, on average, ______ longer than physically inactive people.​

A) ​2 years
B) ​5 years
C) ​10 years
D) ​15 years

Question 45

​The optimal type of physical activity for someone wanting protection from osteoporosis is

A) ​high-impact exercise, like running and jumping.
B) ​lower-impact exercise, like walking.
C) ​low-impact exercise, like tai chi.
D) ​no type of exercise.

Question 46

​Exercise may protect non-Caucasian women against _______ better than Caucasian women.

A) ​breast cancer
B) ​colorectal cancer
C) ​lung cancer
D) ​endometrial cancer

Question 47

​Moderate to high levels of physical activity may be able to reduce the incidence of lung cancer

A) ​but not to reduce the incidence of breast cancer.
B) ​and heart disease, but not the incidence of stroke.
C) ​in men, but not to reduce this incidence in women.
D) ​for women and men, but more strongly for women.

Question 48

​Adults who participate in regular physical exercise show

A) ​greater attentional focus.
B) ​greater executive functioning.
C) ​greater memory.
D) ​all of the above.

Question 49

​Physical activity confers a ____ reduction in risk of death due to all causes.

A) ​5%
B) ​12%
C) ​24%
D) ​33%

Question 50

​Researchers have recently suggested which of the following as likely mechanisms whereby physical activity (PA) lowers cancer risks?

A) ​PA inhibits the initial formation of cancer tumors.
B) ​PA inhibits the growth of existing cancer tumors.
C) ​PA inhibits release of proinflammatory cytokines.
D) ​PA inhibits each of these cancer-related processes.

Question 51

​_______ is a disorder characterized by a reduction in bone density due to calcium loss.

A) ​Endometrial cancer
B) ​Type II diabetes
C) ​Atherosclerosis
D) ​Osteoporosis

Question 52

​If you are young now and want to avoid developing osteoporosis when you are older, which kind of exercise would be most effective?

A) ​Swimming laps
B) ​Jumping rope
C) ​Walking
D) ​Tai chi

Question 53

​Two early studies that examined the association between physical activity and cardiovascular disease found that

A) ​physically active men had lower rates of heart disease than sedentary men.
B) ​physically active women had lower rates of heart disease than sedentary women.
C) ​physically active men had lower rates of stroke than sedentary men.
D) ​physically active men had lower rates of heart disease than physically active women.

Question 54

​High-impact exercise is MOST likely to protect against osteoporosis at older ages when _______ do it.

A) ​young women
B) ​middle-aged and older women
C) ​young men
D) ​middle-aged men

Question 55

​Your great aunt Inez is a healthy 85-year-old who has led an essentially sedentary lifestyle. Now she is thinking about walking in the shopping mall and asks you for advice. What would you tell her?

A) ​"See a trainer, who will likely tell you to start easy and gradually increase speed and distance."
B) ​"Walking is not a sufficiently vigorous form of exercise. You should take up jogging instead."
C) ​"It's too late for you to gain any benefits from physical activity at your age."
D) ​"Find a partner who will push you to raise your heart rate to 150 or higher."

Question 56

​Young children who exercise regularly

A) ​do not gain health benefits from their exercise programs.
B) ​gain more protection against heart disease than adolescents who exercise regularly.
C) ​have lower cholesterol than children with no consistent exercise program.
D) ​receive life-long protection against heart disease.

Question 57

​Regarding physical activity and breast cancer, evidence suggests that a sedentary lifestyle

A) ​protects against breast cancer.
B) ​is unrelated to breast cancer.
C) ​may be more of a risk for some women than for others.
D) ​protects against breast cancer in men but not in women.

Question 58

​Jolie is undergoing chemotherapy treatment for cancer and undertakes a program of exercise training. Based on research results, what can she expect?

A) ​Exercise will improve her aerobic fitness but not her strength.
B) ​Exercise will not help her nausea but help manage her fatigue.
C) ​Exercise will improve her strength but not her aerobic fitness.
D) ​Exercise will improve her appetite, but not change her weight.

Question 59

​A systematic review of the literature on the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular disease found that physical activity confers a _____ reduction in risk of death due to cardiovascular causes.

A) ​10%
B) ​25%
C) ​35%
D) ​0%

Question 60

​Aerobic fitness training contributes to _______ in older adults.

A) ​increases in brain volume
B) ​lower risk of Alzheimer's disease
C) ​greater performance on standardized tests
D) all of the above

Question 61

​What is the relationship between exercise and depression in clinical patients?

A) ​Isometric exercise decreases depression; aerobic exercise increases depression.
B) ​Endorphins released by exercise cause depression to increase.
C) ​Moderate exercise is associated with a decrease in depression.
D) ​Group psychotherapy is superior to exercise for treating mild depression.

Question 62

​Which of the following causes more sore muscles and minor injuries?

A) ​Consistent exercise
B) ​Inconsistent exercise
C) ​Any kind of exercise
D) ​Absence of exercise

Question 63

​Children who are physically fit show

A) ​increases in brain volume.
B) ​greater planning abilities.
C) ​greater performance on standardized tests.
D) ​all of the above.

Question 64

​Researchers have found that physical activity is associated with lower levels of depression

A) ​in moderately depressed individuals.
B) ​in people being treated for depression.
C) ​similar to the effects of cognitive therapy.
D) ​all of these.

Question 65

​Some researchers have found that people can lift their moods and manage stress through as little as

A) ​thirty minutes of vigorous exercise.
B) ​ten minutes of moderate exercise.
C) ​twenty minutes of light exercise.
D) ​five minutes of any exercise.

Question 66

​A study (Wiley et al., 2016) of almost 1,000 older adults found which of the following?

A) ​Those who exercised a lot seemed cognitively 10 years younger than those who did not after five years.
B) ​Those who exercised a lot seemed cognitively five years younger than those who did not after 10 years.
C) ​Those who did not exercise lost about 10 years cognitively; those who exercised a lot did not lose years.
D) ​Those who did not exercise lost about five years cognitively; those who exercised a lot did not lose years.

Question 67

​Leonard's coach suggests that he exercise through the pain he feels during basketball workouts. The coach's advice

A) ​is correct for isotonic exercise but not for isokinetic exercise.
B) ​will produce maximum pain tolerance with minimum muscle damage.
C) ​should increase muscular endurance but not muscle strength.
D) ​is based on an exercise myth and is associated with further injury.

Question 68

​Obligatory exercisers have more than their share of

A) ​eating problems.
B) ​divorces.
C) ​cardiovascular problems.
D) ​colon cancers.

Question 69

​The optimal time for beginning a structured exercise program is during

A) ​early childhood.
B) ​adolescence.
C) ​young adulthood.
D) ​middle adulthood.

Question 70

​Studies of the effects of exercise on clinically depressed patients have generally found that exercise

A) ​does not affect depression in clinically depressed patients.
B) ​can reduce depression, but is less effective than psychotherapy.
C) ​can reduce depression, but is less effective than drug therapy.
D) ​can reduce depression and may be as effective as other therapy.

Question 71

​Research into the effects of exercise on anxiety have generally found that

A) ​aerobic exercise does not reduce state anxiety.
B) ​weight lifting does not reduce anxiety.
C) ​exercise does reduce state anxiety.
D) ​both a and b are accurate results.

Question 72

Kermit wants to exercise with a minimum of injury. What precautions should he take?

A) He should limit exercise to temperatures between 30° and 80° F.
​
B) He should use proper shoes and equipment.
C) He should use a personal trainer.
D) He should not bother about any of the above because injury is not likely.

Question 73

​What have researchers found about the relationship between physical fitness and stress?

A) ​Exercising decreases stress on a physiological level.
B) ​Exercising decreases stress on a psychological level.
C) ​Exercising has no influence on stress on either level.
D) ​Exercising decreases stress on both these two levels.

Question 74

​Mariah would likely be an obligatory exerciser if she

A) ​felt a need for mastery over her body.
B) ​denied when she was experiencing pain.
C) ​had a single-minded commitment to endurance.
D) ​demonstrated each one of the above characteristics.

Question 75

​Most sudden deaths during exercise are the result of

A) ​inadequate clothing for weather conditions.
B) ​some type of pre-existing heart problems.
C) ​getting hit by cars while running/walking.
D) ​not having sufficient physical fitness levels.

Question 76

​Regarding exercise and depression in a clinical population, research suggests that

A) ​exercise increases depression.
B) ​moderate exercise can decrease depression.
C) ​isotonic exercise (weight lifting) can decrease depression.
D) ​exercise can decrease depression, but not to a clinically significant degree.

Question 77

​A 1996 Surgeon General's Report found that _____ of runners had experienced an injury in the past year.

A) ​one quarter
B) ​one third
C) ​one half
D) ​two thirds

Question 78

​Physical activity causes _______ of all musculoskeletal injuries.

A) ​the minority
B) ​about a half
C) ​one quarter
D) ​the majority

Question 79

​Musculoskeletal injuries correlate _______ with exercise frequency and intensity.

A) ​inversely
B) ​neutrally
C) ​positively
D) ​not at all

Question 80

​Regarding stress and exercise, research suggests that

A) ​exercise is ineffective in protecting stressed people from getting sick.
B) ​exercise provides a buffer against most diseases.
C) ​exercise can reduce stress and help people cope.
D) ​exercise probably increases stress, but nevertheless is a buffer against cancer and heart disease.