Deck 26: Maintaining the Internal Environment

Question 1

Which simple excretory system is present in the flatworm?

A)Malpighian tubules
B)Nephridia
C)Nephron
D)Protonephridia

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Bony fish have body fluids that are ___ to seawater,so they continuously drink seawater and actively pump out _____.

A)hypertonic;iron
B)hypotonic;ions
C)isotonic;glucose
D)isotonic;ions

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Blood flows into the ______________ and components of plasma are forced through the walls of this specialized capillary into the nephron.

A)Bowman's capsule
B)glomerulus
C)loop of Henle
D)collecting duct

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The filtering device at the top of each nephron is called a:

A)loop of Henle
B)ureter
C)Bowman's capsule
D)glomerulus

Question 5

All of the following are endothermic except:

A)fish
B)rabbits
C)pigeon
D)mice
E)turkey

Question 6

The amphibian kidney is identical to that of:

A)marine fish
B)birds
C)freshwater fish
D)insects
E)humans

Question 7

Selective reabsorption of components of the glomerular filtrate occurs where?

A)Bowman's capsule
B)Glomerulus
C)Loop of Henle
D)Collecting duct

Question 8

One major function of the kidneys is water conservation.What portion of the nephrons is responsible for that function when water is lacking in the diet?

A)Bowman's capsule
B)Glomerulus
C)Loop of Henle
D)Collecting duct

Question 9

Only mammals and birds can produce urine that is _______.

A)isotonic
B)hypertonic
C)hypotonic

Question 10

What type of animal uses Malpighian tubules for excretion?

A)Birds
B)Insects
C)Mammals
D)Fish

Question 11

When blood sugar is low,______ from the pancreas stimulates the breakdown of _______ in the liver.

A)insulin;glycogen
B)glycogen;glucose
C)glucagon;glycogen
D)insulin;glucagon
E)glucagon;protein

Question 12

Which part of the brain detects thirst and produces antidiuretic hormone?

A)Cerebrum
B)Corpus callosum
C)Cerebellum
D)Hypothalamus

Question 13

Which of the following is not part of the normal glomerular filtrate?

A)Blood cells
B)Glucose
C)Amino acids
D)Ions
E)Water

Question 14

The production of hypertonic urine in mammals and birds is accomplished by the:

A)loop of Henle
B)ureter
C)Bowman's capsule
D)glomerulus

Question 15

Which excretory organs are found in insects?

A)Malpighian tubules
B)Nephridia
C)Nephron
D)Protonephridia

Question 16

The kidneys of the _____ are so efficient it never has to drink water.

A)frog
B)turtle
C)kangaroo rat
D)kangaroo
E)camel

Question 17

Which organ detects and responds to changes in blood glucose levels?

A)Liver
B)Gallbladder
C)Thymus
D)Pancreas
E)Thyroid

Question 18

By what means does the Paramecium remove metabolic wastes?

A)With a flame cell
B)With a contractile vacuole
C)With Malpighian tubules
D)With a nephron

Question 19

Which organism does not contain kidneys?

A)Beetle
B)Hummingbird
C)Lizard
D)Shark
E)Rabbit

Question 20

Which of the following are regulated by the kidneys?

A)Blood pressure
B)Blood volume
C)Plasma sodium levels
D)Blood pH
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 21

Most mammals have uricase,which converts uric acid into ________.

A)urea
B)water
C)ammonia
D)allantoin

Question 22

Which nutrient,when metabolized for energy,produces nitrogenous wastes?

A)Amino acids
B)Carbohydrates
C)Lipids
D)Vitamins
E)Minerals

Question 23

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to lower high blood glucose levels?

A)Insulin
B)Glycogen
C)Glucagon
D)Adrenaline
E)Antidiruetic hormone

Question 24

The regulation of the body's osmotic composition is called __________________.

Question 25

Mammals and amphibians are the only vertebrates that produce urine that is hypertonic to their body fluids.

Question 26

Some mammals,like the kangaroo rat of the desert,have extremely long loops of Henle in their kidneys.What purpose must this serve?

Question 27

The process of removing and ridding the body of toxic nitrogenous wastes from the blood is called ______________.

Question 28

In a homeostatic system,the integrating system executes changes to compensate for deviances from the set point.

Question 29

Marine mammals,like whales,do not drink seawater.

Question 30

________________ is the final product to be expelled from the body after the kidney has reabsorbed needed nutrients and water.

Question 31

All vertebrates other than mammals are ectothermic.

Question 32

In mammals,uric acid is produced as a waste product of the degradation of:

A)proteins
B)purine nucleotides
C)polysaccharides
D)lipids

Question 33

All of the following animals lack the enzyme uricase except:

A)tigers
B)dalmatian dogs
C)apes
D)humans

Question 34

In flatworms,protonephridia branch throughout the body into bulblike _______________.

Question 35

What is the waste product of fish?

A)Urea
B)Ammonia
C)Uric acid
D)Urine

Question 36

Freshwater fish drink water all the time to compensate for their tendency to lose water.

Question 37

Reptiles,birds,and insects excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of:

A)urea
B)ammonia
C)uric acid
D)urine

Question 38

The _____________ is the functional unit within the kidney.

Question 39

Most invertebrates,such as the annelid,have nephridia.

Question 40

In humans,an excessive accumulation of uric acid in the joints produces a condition known as ______.

A)ulcers
B)gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
C)gout
D)high blood pressure
E)rickets

Question 41

Explain how Bowman's capsule works.