Deck 20: The Early Counter-Reformation and Mannerism: Restraint and Invention

Question 1

In Michelangelo's Pietà,Christ is a serpentine figure,because

A)there is no single predominant view.
B)there is exaggeration in the proportions of the neck.
C)the body is carved from marble.
D)the body is set in contrapposto.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The overarching theme of Bronzino's Allegory with Venus and Cupid is

A)sensual indulgence.
B)the force of wrath.
C)the illusion of faith.
D)the power of memory.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Giovanni Bologna titled his sculptural invention Rape of the Sabine Women

A)to give it more erotic appeal.
B)because a colleague suggested this title.
C)to justify the serpentine composition.
D)because he wished to shock his public.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In music,the Council of Trent decided to

A)eliminate polyphony.
B)clarify the text.
C)eliminate melisma.
D)use plainchant only.

Question 5

The Italian word mano,from which the term "Mannerist" is derived,means

A)right.
B)man.
C)hand.
D)skill.

Question 6

In 1545,Pope Paul III called for the Council of Trent to

A)reform the Church in response to Protestantism.
B)decide action to take against the German princes.
C)codify the tenets of the Catholic religion.
D)negotiate peace between France and Spain.

Question 7

The Council of Trent insisted on the use of religious imagery to

A)remind the faithful of the glories of the Church.
B)emphasize differences between Catholics and Protestants.
C)continue the tradition of supporting artists.
D)move the faithful to adore and love God.

Question 8

In Allegory with Venus and Cupid,Bronzino paints Venus holding a golden apple primarily to

A)allude to the fall of Eve.
B)emphasize her sensuality.
C)symbolize her strength.
D)reference the Trojan War.

Question 9

What Michelangelo work do some believe to be among the earliest examples of Mannerism?

A)the Sistine Chapel ceiling
B)Moses on Pope Julius II's tomb
C)the Laurentian Library staircase
D)the Last Judgment

Question 10

In the Last Judgment,why might Michelangelo have included his self-portrait on the flayed skin of St.Bartholomew?

A)Bartholomew is the patron saint of artists.
B)Michelangelo felt martyred by papal commissions.
C)Bartholomew is the largest of his painted saints.
D)Michelangelo believed his art to be like his own skin.

Question 11

Daniele da Volterra and others earned the name braghettoni ("breeches-painters")by

A)wearing extravagant outfits while they worked.
B)painting fig leaves on the genitals of the Vatican statues.
C)refusing to wear shirts while they painted.
D)painting draperies on the Last Judgment's nudes.

Question 12

Giovanni Bologna's Rape of the Sabine Women is considered a work of sculptural genius,because it

A)unites three figures in a single spiral.
B)is the first truly Mannerist sculpture.
C)is the first modern three-dimensional work to employ Classical contrapposto.
D)shows emotion with unprecedented candor.

Question 13

How did Palestrina's Missa Papae Macellus conform to the Council of Trent's requirements?

A)The words stand out above the restrained music.
B)It presents the words a cappella.
C)The words are in the vernacular Italian.
D)It allows the entire congregation to sing.

Question 14

In Consecration of the Virgin,why did Lavinia Fontana paint not her patrons but their children?

A)Children require more skill to portray than adults.
B)She wanted to emphasize Mary's role as a mother.
C)She wanted to show the familial continuity of the Church's flock.
D)Jesus promised that heaven belonged to children.

Question 15

The Council of Trent explicitly warned artists to avoid

A)nudity in the representation of religious figures.
B)the use of symbolism to conceal meaning.
C)sensuous brushwork and light effects.
D)anything to promote ostentatious lifestyles.

Question 16

All of the following are characteristics of the new Mannerist style in painting and sculpture EXCEPT

A)distorted,artificial poses.
B)mysterious or obscure settings.
C)elongated proportions.
D)modest drapery.

Question 17

Even when working in religious contexts,the intent of Mannerist painters was to

A)call attention to their own skill.
B)emphasize latent sexuality.
C)express religious piety.
D)unsettle the viewer.

Question 18

The Council of Trent ordered all of the following EXCEPT

A)belief in the reality of purgatory.
B)cessation of selling indulgences.
C)strict clerical celibacy.
D)avoidance of luxury by bishops.

Question 19

In The Madonna with the Long Neck,Parmigianino paints Mary withdrawing from the Christ child to demonstrate that she

A)is in awe of his power.
B)knows his tragic fate.
C)feels unworthy to hold him.
D)is pulled away by the angels.

Question 20

Outside of religious settings,in what kinds of paintings did artists express the Mannerist style?

A)erotic
B)portraits
C)miniatures
D)landscapes

Question 21

The Council of Trent's primary purpose was to enable the Roman Catholic Church to win back the hearts and souls of the people from Protestantism.Analyze the ways in which the reforms it recommended for art and music were intended to achieve this goal.

Question 22

Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote is a

A)romance.
B)travelogue.
C)epistolary novel.
D)picaresque novel.

Question 23

The La Pittura paintings by Lavinia Fontana and Artemesia Gentileschi are significant in the history of art,because they

A)establish women as being artists' muses.
B)validate educating female artists.
C)mark acceptance of women's artistic talents.
D)show women painting secular,not religious,works.

Question 24

Identify the post-Council of Trent Catholic regulations about religious art and,describing at least one example,explain the irony of the developments in secular art.

Question 25

Why was Veronese's Last Supper so offensive to the Roman Inquisition that he changed its title to Feast in the House of Levi?

A)It includes female servants.
B)It portrays Jesus drinking wine.
C)It features buffoons and drunkards.
D)It uses a lavish setting.

Question 26

For what innovation in Don Quixote was Miguel de Cervantes acclaimed by his contemporaries?

A)satirizing chivalric romances
B)using everyday speech in dialogue
C)making his protagonist a commoner
D)giving his protagonist a sidekick

Question 27

After the Muslims and the Jews,the Spanish Inquisition persecuted

A)religious mystics.
B)artists.
C)the French.
D)Protestants.

Question 28

List and explain three reforms the Council of Trent mandated.

Question 29

In Spain,the Church implemented the Inquisition in 1478 to

A)seek out and execute witches.
B)expose and persecute pagans.
C)expel those aligned with Luther's reforms.
D)expel or convert all non-Christian Spaniards.

Question 30

Describe the subject,content,and location of Michelangelo's Last Judgment,and explain the reasons it almost immediately provoked controversy.

Question 31

Identify and discuss the relation between reality and illusion in Cervantes's Don Quixote,taking into consideration the claim that it is the first modern novel.

Question 32

Benventuto Cellini's Life is

A)the first Western novel.
B)the first book to be banned by the Italian Inquisition.
C)one of the first secular autobiographies.
D)the primary instruction manual for Mannerist art.

Question 33

List and explain two reasons for Pope Paul III's convening of the Council of Trent.

Question 34

From Titian to El Greco to Anguissola to Gentileschi,hands (mano)command special attention in Mannerist art.Describing specific examples,explain what the artists were doing by calling attention to their subjects' hands.

Question 35

El Greco's Resurrection satisfies the moral strictures of the Spanish Inquisition because of its

A)floral imagery.
B)carefully placed draperies.
C)emphasis on prayer.
D)subdued colors.

Question 36

The Church permitted Benventuto Cellini's creation the erotic Saltcellar,because it

A)made of precious materials.
B)was privately commissioned.
C)functional,not purely decorative.
D)small in size.

Question 37

Identify at least three characteristics of Mannerist style in visual art.

Question 38

Identify two female artists who came to prominence during the Mannerist period,describing their contributions to painting.

Question 39

How does Benvenuto Cellini's Perseus counter the classical contrapposto pose?

A)Both legs are stiff.
B)Both arms are straight.
C)Perseus's weight is on the right foot.
D)Perseus rises in a complex spiral.