Deck 10: The Family

Question 1

According to exchange theory,we like those who reward us and dislike those who punish us.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Sociologists agree that industrialization and extended family patterns are incompatible.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The ancient Greeks defined romantic love as "diseased hysteria."

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Sociologists agree that incest taboos are the only universal norm in the world.

Question 5

Economic dislocations and the increased availability of nonnuclear kin may have encouraged the formation of extended family households in the early industrialization of the United States.

Question 6

The text notes that defining the family is simply an academic exercise.

Question 7

Fundamentally,families seldom vary in their composition and in their descent,residence,and authority patterns.

Question 8

Studies show American couples were much less conventional than researchers expected them to be.

Question 9

According to the matching hypothesis,individuals of equal attractiveness are the ones most likely to reciprocate our advances.

Question 10

In one cross-cultural sample in the text,monogamy was the preferred or ideal type of marriage in fewer than 20 percent of the 862 societies involved.

Question 11

Early in marriage,women are more likely than men to feel the need for more "private time" but later on,the pattern reverses.

Question 12

Polyandry is a custom that represents the freedom of sexual choice for women in the societies that practice it.

Question 13

Massive amounts of research prove that the American family has undergone a complete disintegration process.

Question 14

Fears about the disintegration of the American family are a relatively new phenomenon.

Question 15

Blumstein and Schwartz found that regardless of how much a wife earned,the couple still measured their financial success by the husband's income.

Question 16

Blumstein and Schwartz found that men could take pleasure in their wives' financial success only if it did not exceed their own.

Question 17

The model of the family - a married couple,breadwinner husband and homemaker wife,raising children - now comprises only one in five families in the United States.

Question 18

All societies regulate the pool of eligible people from which individuals are expected to select a mate.

Question 19

Societies trace descent and pass on property from one generation to the next in three ways: patrilineal;matrilineal;and bilineal.

Question 20

Societies control romantic love by arranging marriages,isolating the young from potential mates,and applying peer and parental pressures.

Question 21

In modern societies,the concept of the "family" is

A) becoming increasingly easy to distinguish from "nonfamilies."
B) an exceedingly difficult concept to define.
C) typified by the "Ozzie and Harriet" model.
D) characterized more by the kin group.

Question 22

A pessimistic view of American marriage suggests that

A) marriage has deteriorated over the past 40 years.
B) the licensing of reproduction has been compromised.
C) divorce is too easy,too many people never marry,and contraception is too readily available.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 23

The number of Americans living alone declined between 1970 and 2000.

Question 24

An optimistic view of the American family suggests that

A) pronouncements concerning the death of the family are greatly exaggerated.
B) the traditional family doesn't "fit" the current social setting.
C) the meaning of marriage has changed over time.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 25

Sociologists traditionally viewed the ___________ as a social group whose members are related by ancestry,marriage,or adoption and who live together,cooperate economically,and care for the young.

A) family
B) peer group
C) secondary group
D) in-group

Question 26

In two-income families,the woman typically has a larger voice in major household decisions than the man.

Question 27

Most divorced people do not remarry.

Question 28

The goal of "being married to the same person for life" ranks well above the goal of "having a happy marriage."

Question 29

Two-thirds of married Americans rate their own marriages as "very happy."

Question 30

For the children of divorce,cohabition seems to provide less economic stability than remarriage.

Question 31

Public opinion surveys show that Americans depend very little on marriage for their sense of psychological well-being.

Question 32

Marital adjustment ratings typically fall after the birth of a first child.

Question 33

Unwed motherhood is declining.

Question 34

A large majority of Americans continue to view marriage as a permanent institution.

Question 35

The percentage of Americans who think gay sex is wrong has dropped.

Question 36

More than one American youngster in four lives with just one parent.

Question 37

Same-sex marriage is legal in Belgium,Denmark,and the Netherlands.

Question 38

Women who work outside the home still spend significantly more time on housework than men spend on housework.

Question 39

Although both men and women engage in domestic violence,men typically do more damage than their female partners.

Question 40

In the United States,the family model -made up of a married couple,breadwinner husband and homemaker wife,raising children - now is

A) the majority of the nation's households.
B) a growing number of the nation's households.
C) about half of the nation's households.
D) about 20% of the nation's households.

Question 41

Exogamy is the requirement that

A) people must marry a person of the same sex.
B) marriage must occur outside a group such as a kin group.
C) people must marry someone closer in kin to them than a first cousin.
D) a brother must marry his sister.

Question 42

________________ were once singled out by social scientists as the only universal norm in the world,but they have since been found not to exist among the ancient Egyptians.

A) Homicides
B) Sex crimes
C) Incest taboos
D) Polygamous relationships

Question 43

Societies trace descent and pass on property from one generation to the next in one of three ways.The patterns are

A) patrilocal,matrilocal,and neolocal.
B) matrilineal,patrilineal,and bilineal.
C) egalitarian,patriarchal,and matriarchal.
D) homogamy,exogamy,and endogamy.

Question 44

Research suggests ____________ influence(s)differences in household patterns (such as authority and residence).

A) industrialization.
B) the political economy.
C) personal preference.
D) a large number of interacting factors.

Question 45

When the social norms require that we marry within our group (race,class,religion,region),this is called

A) endogamy.
B) tyranny.
C) exogamy.
D) monogamy.

Question 46

Polygyny

A) refers only to the number of sexual partners a man may experience while married.
B) has been practiced by over 80 percent of the societies around the world.
C) is the same as group marriage.
D) represents freedom of sexual choice for women.

Question 47

The existence of polygyny is based primarily on

A) the heightened sexual prowess of men in those societies that permit the practice.
B) status and economic concerns.
C) the animalistic desire to sexually exploit women in such societies.
D) modernization and industrialization,which make it easier to afford multiple wives.

Question 48

Americans typically find themselves to be members of two nuclear families.First is the

A) family of orientation.
B) family of procreation.
C) dislocation.
D) socialization.

Question 49

Egalitarian power arrangements in the family

A) distribute power equally between wife and husband.
B) have never existed in the United States.
C) are on the increase in recent years in the United States.
D) distribute power equally between wife and husband and are on the increase in recent years in the United States are correct.

Question 50

________________ refers to a socially approved sexual union between two or more individuals that is undertaken with some idea of permanence.

A) Marriage
B) The nuclear family
C) Endogamy
D) Exogamy

Question 51

Sociologists have found that industrialization

A) possibly encouraged the formation of extended family households in the early industrialization of the United States.
B) had no effect on the prevalence of the extended family.
C) had an adverse effect on the status of the extended family.
D) increased the need for the family of orientation.

Question 52

The vesting of power in women for family decision-making is called

A) matrilineal.
B) matriarchal.
C) matricentric.
D) matrilocal.

Question 53

The family that consists of oneself and one's spouse and children constitutes what sociologists refer to as the

A) family of orientation.
B) family of procreation.
C) family of socialization.
D) family of sociobiology.

Question 54

The family unit that emphasizes kinship and common ancestry is the

A) secondary family.
B) nuclear family.
C) extended family.
D) hybridized family.

Question 55

Families vary in terms of their

A) composition.
B) descent patterns.
C) residence patterns.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 56

The ____________ family pattern is the preferred arrangement among most Americans.

A) patrilocal
B) nuclear
C) extended
D) matrilineal

Question 57

Patrilocal,matrilocal,and neolocal refer to

A) patterns of tracing one's biological descent.
B) patterns of family decision-making.
C) where a couple resides after marriage.
D) the number of sexual partners a couple has prior to marriage.

Question 58

Cross-cultural research found that one of the least preferred or least ideal types of marriage around the world is

A) monogamy.
B) polygamy.
C) patrilineal marriages.
D) matrilineal marriages.

Question 59

In the ____________ family,spouses and their offspring constitute the core relationship.

A) patrilocal
B) nuclear
C) extended
D) matrilineal

Question 60

The family of __________ consists of oneself and one's father,mother,and siblings.

A) orientation
B) procreation
C) socialization
D) recreation

Question 61

Research findings consistently indicate that

A) married people enjoy better health than nonmarrieds.
B) marriage has little impact on psychological well-being.
C) married people tend to have worse health than nonmarrieds.
D) early-married couples enjoy worse health than later-married couples.

Question 62

The ____________ contends that we do best with a mate who has traits that differ from,but provide a sense of completeness to our own traits.

A) complementary needs perspective
B) principle of most interest
C) homogamy principle
D) matching hypothesis

Question 63

In 2000,__________ percent of white families were married couples.

A) 51
B) 61
C) 71
D) 81

Question 64

When women work full-time outside the home,

A) they bring home more than twice the share of family income than part-timers do.
B) they still maintain the primary responsibility for household tasks and childcare.
C) they are more likely than fathers to take time off if their children become ill.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 65

Research evidence seems to indicate that

A) children whose mothers work are less well adjusted.
B) children whose mothers work are better adjusted.
C) the differences in the development of children whose mothers work and that of children whose mothers remain at home are not large.
D) children of working mothers are socially retarded and therefore less gregarious.

Question 66

Much of the current debate about the health of the American family is based upon questionable data that utilize

A) the participant observer approach.
B) the conflict perspective.
C) the stereotypical white,middle-class family of the 1950s as a point of departure.
D) the stereotypical white,middle-class family of the 1980s as a point of departure.

Question 67

Exchange theory suggests that we may

A) like those who punish us and dislike those who reward us.
B) like those who reward us and dislike those who punish us.
C) be unattracted to people who are different from us.
D) tend to marry those with whom we share gift-giving on equal terms.

Question 68

Nuclear families that are not disrupted by divorce,desertion,or death typically pass through a series of changes across time that sociologists call

A) the procreation pattern.
B) the family life course.
C) the family of orientation period.
D) the birth cohort experience.

Question 69

Child marriage,social isolation,close supervision,and social pressure have been utilized as ways to

A) make young people fall in love.
B) lower homicide rates within the family structure.
C) get the young to look after the old.
D) control romantic love.

Question 70

Married couples who have sex infrequently

A) tend to have short-duration marriages.
B) tend to have relationships that last as long as those who have sex frequently.
C) tend to be political conservatives.
D) are religious fanatics.

Question 71

Studies indicate that while stepparents attempt to re-create a traditional family,they actually function differently than a traditional family because

A) the stepparent role is not like that of a biological parent.
B) the family tree of a stepfamily is often very complex.
C) stepparents and stepchildren have not had a mutual history or previous opportunity to bond.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 72

________________ refers to the tendency to marry people like ourselves (for example,similar age,race,religion,and education level).

A) Homosexuality
B) Homogamy
C) Monogamy
D) Polygamy

Question 73

The ___________ argues that we get the greatest payoff at the least cost by choosing a mate who is very much like ourselves.

A) complementary needs perspective
B) principle of most interest
C) the heteronomy principle
D) the matching hypothesis

Question 74

Today,_______ percent of women with children under six years of age are employed outside the home.

A) between 25 and 30
B) between 35 and 50
C) nearly 60
D) more than 65

Question 75

The Greeks saw romantic love as

A) a necessary component of healthy marriages.
B) a process that follows a rational path leading to marriage.
C) diseased hysteria.
D) an animalistic lusting that knew no bounds.

Question 76

The family life course

A) begins in modern times with the birth of the first child.
B) begins with the husband-wife pair.
C) becomes increasingly complex as new members are added,thereby creating new roles and relationships.
D) begins with the husband-wife pair and becomes increasingly complex as new members are added,thereby creating new roles and relationships are correct.

Question 77

We tend to select marital partners

A) who are far more physically attractive than we are.
B) who are generally less physically attractive than we are.
C) who are similar in physical attractiveness to ourselves.
D) almost totally on the basis of personality and temperament.

Question 78

The goal of "having a happy marriage" currently ranks

A) below the goal of "being married to the same person for life."
B) below the goal of simply "being married."
C) well above "being married to the same person for life."
D) at the bottom of all goals pertaining to marriage.

Question 79

According to sociological studies of the "empty nest" period,

A) most couples do not experience difficulty with this stage in the family life cycle.
B) the majority of couples view this stage as a time of "new freedoms."
C) this is typically a period of great turmoil and unhappiness for middle-aged women.
D) most couples do not experience difficulty with this stage in the family life cycle and the majority of couples view this stage as a time of "new freedoms" are correct.

Question 80

Studies of role modification indicate that with the birth of the first child,marital adjustment ratings

A) soar.
B) fall.
C) increase slightly.
D) don't change.