Deck 7: Contraception and Abortion

Question 1

Failures in the use of the contraceptive pill usually occur

A)when the pill does not contain enough estrogen.
B)when the woman switches brands and the new pill is not as effective as the one she had been on.
C)when the woman forgets to take the pill for a day or two or so.
D)when the woman has intercourse with a male who is highly fertile in the number of sperm he produces.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Dr.Henry Morgentaler has been instrumental in bringing changes to Canada's abortion laws through a campaign characterized by

A)mobilizing groups of women and staging violent protests.
B)targeting key legal officials and initiating aggressive media attacks.
C)refusing to obey governmental demands in a nonviolent manner meant to force concession regarding women's rights for abortion.
D)seeking to attain higher and higher political offices to make changes within the system.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Safe and effective means of contraception were not legally available for use in Canada until

A)around the turn of the century
B)after World War I
C)after World War II
D)the late 1960s

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Women who are in certain at-risk groups should not use the contraceptive pill.One of these groups includes

A)women who are over 35 and are cigarette smokers.
B)women who are between the ages of 18 and 34 and who tend to have 3-4 drinks per week.
C)women who are between the ages of 18 and 34 and who tend to have 3-4 drinks per weekend at one sitting.
D)women who have low libido.

Question 5

The occasional side effects of irritability and depression in pill-users are probably related to the pill's

A)estrogen content.
B)progesterone content.
C)inhibition of sexual desire.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Three women out of every hundred who use the Pill will become pregnant during a year.Three percent represents what is called the

A)failure rate
B)effectiveness rate
C)typical user rate
D)non-success rate

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a factor that gives rise to reasons to use contraceptives?

A)single people want typically to avoid pregnancy
B)prevent adolescent pregnancy
C)babies and mothers are healthier if spaced 3-5 years apart
D)fathers want the opportunity to take a full paternity leave

Question 8

With regard to the part played by progestin in the combination pill,which one is FALSE?

A)Progestin makes the cervical mucus thick.
B)Progestin changes the lining of the uterus.
C)Progestin inhibits FSH production.
D)Progestin inhibits LH production.

Question 9

In defending,before Parliament,the bill that would make contraception legal,who made the statement,"The state has no business in the bedrooms of the nation."

A)Joe Clark
B)Pierre Elliott Trudeau
C)Brian Mulroney
D)Adrienne Clarkson

Question 10

A woman on the pill mixes up her schedule while on vacation.She remembers to take her pill the first two days of her vacation but then forgets to take her pill the next three days in a row.According to your text,what should she do?

A)take a pill as soon as possible and then another one at regular schedule and resume her schedule
B)take 2 pills right away and then resume her regular schedule
C)quit taking the pill for 7 days straight to menstruate and start her regular schedule for the next month
D)take a pill as soon as possible,resume her regular schedule,and use a back-up form of birth control

Question 11

The oral contraceptive pill

A)works mainly by preventing ovulation.
B)works mainly by killing the sperm before they enter the fallopian tubes.
C)is 100 percent effective in practice.
D)has been shown to be more dangerous than was shown in previous studies in the 1970s.

Question 12

Women on the pill have an increased susceptibility to

A)crabs
B)scabies
C)syphilis
D)chlamydia

Question 13

Recognizing the toll of unwanted pregnancies on women's well-being,several women's groups in British Columbia joined together in the early 20th century to form the Canadian Birth Control League.A major influence on this organization was __________,an American crusader for the legalization of contraception in the United States.

A)Margaret Sanger
B)Eleanor Roosevelt
C)Christie Brinkley
D)Hillary Clinton

Question 14

Use of the oral contraceptive pill has a major disadvantage in that

A)the burden of contraception is placed solely or mainly on the woman.
B)it may not be as useful for the woman who has intercourse frequently as compared to the woman who has intercourse infrequently.
C)it tends to interfere with sexual intercourse-because the woman must remember to take the pill every day for the whole menstrual cycle.
D)there are negative long term effects on the fertility of the woman.

Question 15

Why is a discussion of overpopulation relevant to the history of contraceptive use?

A)Concerns about the ability for the planet to sustain the growing population lead many experts to believe that the population must be limited.
B)Concerns about the ability for the planet to sustain the growing population lead to the development of hormonal contraception.
C)Concerns about the rising population of unhealthy people lead many experts to believe that reproduction of some segments of the population must occur.
D)It is relevant to reproduction but not contraception.

Question 16

The combination pill __________ estrogen levels,and it ________ FSH production.

A)increases;stimulates
B)increases;inhibits
C)decreases;inhibits
D)decreases;stimulates

Question 17

Of the serious side effects of the contraceptive pill that we have heard of via the media,the one that has been substantiated is

A)that the pill causes cancer of the cervix.
B)that the pill causes cancer of the breast.
C)that the pill causes cancer of the uterus.
D)that the pill causes problems relating to blood clotting.

Question 18

(p.167 (focus box))A major preliminary step to the formal legalization of contraception in Canada was made in 1936 when Dorothea Palmer was acquitted after being charged for distributing birth control information in poor neighbourhoods.This set a precedent that

A)it was permissible to provide birth control information if it was done in the interest of the 'public good'.
B)even those responsible for law enforcement disagreed with the laws prohibiting contraception.
C)Canadian law is open to interpretation and can be very forgiving.
D)distributing birth control information was considered a serious violation of civil obedience and needed to be punished severely.

Question 19

The first Canadian birth control clinic was established in Hamilton,Ontario in

A)1895
B)1920
C)1932
D)1960

Question 20

Mary is a very conscientious person in all that she does.She applies this sense of conscientiousness in taking her birth control pill.She takes the pill exactly according to directions.Mary can be considered

A)a typical user.
B)a perfect user.
C)a normative user.
D)a user where there is no chance of experiencing failure of contraception.

Question 21

How do the contraceptive sponge and cervical caps differ?

A)how they are inserted
B)the barrier aspects to how they work
C)whether they contain a spermicide
D)the concave shape

Question 22

There is evidence of a reduction in rates of ______ cancer among long-time users of the diaphragm.

A)breast
B)cervical
C)ovarian
D)vaginal

Question 23

Of the following,the most effective form of contraception is the

A)female condom
B)IUD
C)male condom
D)cervical cap

Question 24

A vaginal barrier device must be left in place for at least ________ hour(s)after intercourse.

A)1
B)3
C)6
D)12

Question 25

The use of IUD's declined sharply in North America in the 1980s.Why?

A)they were replaced by the female condom
B)simply never became popular
C)lawsuits against manufacturers for damages suffered by users
D)the shape of the device was uncomfortable

Question 26

It has been suggested that progestin-only pills work by

A)inhibiting implantation of the egg.
B)inhibiting ovulation.
C)changing the cervical mucus so that sperm can't get through.
D)all of these mechanisms

Question 27

One type of contraceptive pill that changes the cervical mucus such that sperm cannot get through,but where about 40% of the women still ovulate is the

A)combination pill
B)triphasic pill
C)progestin-only pill
D)estrogen-only pill

Question 28

Most contraceptive failures that occur with the use of cervical caps

A)result from improper use.
B)result from leaving it in too long.
C)are caused by using too much contraceptive cream or jelly which causes the diaphragm to become dislodged during intercourse.
D)are because of the one and only size in which the diaphragm comes.

Question 29

It appears that a real advantage for women taking the pill is

A)a decreased susceptibility to gonorrheA.
B)a reduction of pre-menstrual pain.
C)a decreased susceptibility to vaginitis.
D)a decrease in susceptibility to breast cancer.

Question 30

This contraceptive must be administered every 3 months for maximum effectiveness.One apparent side effect is amenorrhea.This contraceptive is

A)Depo-Provera
B)the estrogen-only injection
C)Norplant
D)the copper-T IUD

Question 31

The basic principle on which cervical caps operate are

A)by releasing progestin to keep the fertilized egg from implanting in the endometrium of the uterus.
B)blocking the entrance of the uterus.
C)changing the environment of the vagina to one of being more acidiC.
D)preventing the egg from entering the fallopian tube.

Question 32

Depo-Provera is a(n)________ method of contraception.

A)estrogen-only
B)synthetic estrogen
C)progestin-only
D)combination estrogen and progestin

Question 33

The truly big advantage Depo-Provera injections have as a contraceptive is

A)that there are no side effects.
B)that it does not require memory to use it properly.
C)the shortened period of infertility following cessation.
D)its unique balance between the hormones of estrogen and progestin.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of IUDs?

A)inexpensive
B)no interruption of the sexual experience
C)easily placed by the women several hours prior to intercourse
D)no effect on fertility after removal

Question 35

The IUD probably prevents pregnancy by

A)inhibiting ovulation.
B)increasing estrogen levels.
C)producing changes in the uterus.
D)preventing sperm from entering the uterus.

Question 36

The failure rate of the IUD is

A)better than the pill or sterilization.
B)better than Depo-Provera.
C)similar to the pill and Depo-Provera.
D)highest during its first three months after insertion.

Question 37

There are two contraception devices available in Canada that look like an IUD.The one that IS an IUD contains ______,the other is not actually an IUD because it contains ________.

A)progesterone;copper
B)copper;progesterone
C)the T-shape;a U-shape
D)they are both IUDs

Question 38

This contraceptive is inserted into the vagina,remaining there for 21 days,and stops ovulation from occurring:

A)cervical cup
B)IUD
C)diaphragm
D)the vaginal ring

Question 39

Once the IUD is in place,

A)one of the side effects is that the woman cannot use a tampon during menstruation.
B)it does tend to interrupt intercourse at times when the sexual act is prolonged.
C)it can be considered permanent,never having to be replaced.
D)it is simple to use,needing only to be checked periodically to see that the strings are in place.

Question 40

The typical user failure rate of cervical caps are about _______ percent

A)1
B)7
C)10
D)20

Question 41

As a form of contraception,the BBT (basal body temperature)method has a major disadvantage in that

A)it determines "safe" days only before ovulation.
B)it determines "safe" days only after ovulation.
C)it requires close,continued inspection of the cervical mucus.
D)keeping track of both vaginal temperature and general body temperature complicates sex a great deal.

Question 42

Which of the following rhythm methods is the simplest and probably has the highest failure rate?

A)the basal body temperature method
B)the cervical mucus (ovulation)method
C)the sympto-thermal method
D)the calendar method

Question 43

It appears that one major disadvantage of the rhythm method is

A)its relatively high success rate.
B)the independence that it gives the woman in carrying it out.
C)the psychological stress related to forced abstinence and worry about possible pregnancy.
D)how easy it is to adhere to requirements of the menstrual cycle.

Question 44

For the condom to be most effective,

A)it needs to be carefully rolled onto the penis just before ejaculation.
B)the penis should be withdrawn after ejaculation soon after the man's erection has begun to subside.
C)it must be put on before intromission and the penis must be withdrawn soon after ejaculation.
D)spermicide-coated condoms should be used which help change the vaginal environment to be more alkaline and harmful to sperm.

Question 45

When using the calendar method of birth control,women with perfectly regular cycles need to abstain from intercourse for at least _________ day(s).

A)1
B)3
C)8
D)14

Question 46

The sympto-thermal contraceptive method

A)combines measurements of cervical mucus with that of basal body temperature.
B)combines basal body temperature and the use of the diaphragm.
C)measures cervical dilation and corresponding basal body temperature.
D)measures hormone level in the urine and variations in the cervical mucus.

Question 47

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Depo-Provera?

A)For maximum effectiveness it must be administered every six months.
B)The birth control pill is more effective then Depo-Provera.
C)It can result in irreversible bone loss.
D)Women become fertile immediately after stopping its use.

Question 48

Which historical figure first popularized the condom?

A)President Bill Clinton
B)Elvis
C)Napoleon
D)Casanova

Question 49

The perfect-user failure rate for condoms is about ________ percent,while the typical-user failure rate for condoms is about ________ percent.

A)2;18
B)14;2
C)15;2
D)3;32

Question 50

Each patch (Evra)lasts for how long?

A)1 day
B)7 days
C)14 days
D)28 days

Question 51

Sterilization as a method of contraception

A)is the same as castration for the female.
B)really has not gained much popularity as a contraceptive means in Canada.
C)is more common for individuals in their 20s than it is for those in their 30s or 40s.
D)is quite common for married males and females.

Question 52

The calendar method,the basal body temperature method,and the cervical mucus method are all variations on the ___________ method of birth control.

A)combination pill
B)withdrawal
C)Depo-Provera
D)rhythm

Question 53

Which is the only form of contraceptive that protects partners form skin-to-skin transmission of STI's during heterosexual sex such as herpes and HPV when these occur in the areas surrounding the penis and entrance to the vagina?

A)male condom
B)sponge
C)female condom
D)there isn't one

Question 54

Probably the most ancient form of birth control is

A)infanticide
B)withdrawal
C)the condom
D)the rhythm method

Question 55

Using the cervical mucus method,abstinence is required when mucus is

A)first absent,until it is clear.
B)white.
C)clear.
D)first present,until four days after the days when it is clear.

Question 56

Over long periods of time,________ may contribute to premature ejaculation in men.

A)withdrawal
B)the condom
C)a vasectomy
D)the rhythm method

Question 57

The kind of condom that you should use that helps in protecting against the transmission of most STIs

A)is made of latex.
B)is made of animal skin.
C)is made of silk.
D)contains spermicides.

Question 58

Which of the following methods of contraception is NOT VERY effective,is awkward,and is relatively noisy?

A)female condom
B)sterilization
C)male condom
D)diaphragm

Question 59

A major disadvantage of the use of spermicides is:

A)possibility of an allergic reaction
B)interaction with alcohol deteriorates the function
C)combination with latex creates a chemical toxin
D)time it takes for left-over spermicide to wash away

Question 60

Spermicides operate by

A)killing sperm with chemicals in an inert base and drying up the fluid sperm swim in.
B)killing sperm with chemicals in an inert base and blocking the entrance to the cervix so that sperm cannot swim into it.
C)introducing chemicals into the vagina which interact with the sperm and confuse them and blocking the entrance to the cervix so that sperm cannot swim into it.
D)drying up the fluid sperm swim in and introducing chemicals into the vagina which interact with the sperm and confuse them.

Question 61

In ______ the Supreme Court of Canada struck down the abortion law as unconstitutional.

A)1988
B)1873
C)1953
D)1973

Question 62

to explain the psychological factors that influence sexual health behaviour as applied to contraceptive use?

A)People need information about contraceptives and their correct use in order to use them effectively.
B)People are more motivated to use contraceptives if they have positive attitudes towards the use of contraceptives.
C)People need to interact with others who know how to use contraceptives responsibly so that they can learn the appropriate skills.
D)People need to have the behavioural skills to perform the actions needed to use contraceptives.

Question 63

Brad got a 56% in his grade 12 sexual health test,has never purchased condoms,and thinks that it is stupid to talk to your sex partner about having sex.Rob got a 60% on his grade 12 sexual health test,gets condoms for free from the sexual health nurse,and talks very suggestively to his sex partners regularly.Which statement is TRUE about Brad and Rob?

A)Brad is younger than Rob.
B)Rob is more sexually experienced than Brad.
C)Brad is more erotophobic than Rob.
D)Rob is more ertophobic than BraD.

Question 64

The text suggests some ways to improve sex education for teens.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a solution to increase responsibility in sexual situations among teenagers?

A)legitimize communication about contraception
B)legitimize sexual practices such as anal intercourse and masturbation
C)discuss how to weigh the costs and benefits of pregnancy,contraception,and abortion
D)encourage males to accept equal responsibility for contraception

Question 65

Which of the following is FALSE regarding male hormonal methods of contraception?

A)They have been approved for use in CanadA.
B)They stop sperm production.
C)They suppress the production of LH and FSH.
D)They decrease the sex drive of men who take them.

Question 66

Erotophiles are more likely than erotophobes to

A)forget to use contraception.
B)fear social disapproval for having sex.
C)forget information about contraception.
D)acknowledge the likelihood that they will have sex.

Question 67

Which of the following is TRUE regarding female sterilization?

A)A minilaparotomy is also called a laparoscopy.
B)It offers no protection from sexually transmitted infections.
C)It may bring on premature menopause.
D)It is simpler than male sterilization.

Question 68

This Canadian doctor was largely instrumental for decriminalizing abortion in Canada:

A)Dr.Henry Morgentaler
B)Dr.Marie Stopes
C)Dr.Elizabeth Bartlett
D)Dr.Margaret Sanger

Question 69

You are a contraception consultant at a sexual health clinic.A 27-year-old female client books an appointment with you to discuss long-term birth control methods.Specifically,she is considering voluntary sterilization.She is 85% certain that she never wants to have children.Given what you know about the reversibility of female sterilization surgeries,you suggest that when making this decision,she should consider that

A)the procedure will be irreversible.
B)reversibility of the procedure typically has a 50% success rate.
C)temporary sterilization procedures need to be requested when seeking this kind of surgery.
D)female sterilization procedures are not very effective as it is.

Question 70

A male contraceptive device approved by Health Canada for clinical trial is called an intra-vas device.How does it work?

A)inhibits sperm production
B)stops sperm mobility
C)reduces sperm count
D)blocks sperm from getting to the penis

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a reason for failure of a vasectomy?

A)Pregnancy occurred just after the procedure when sperm were still present.
B)The no-scalpel vasectomy was used.
C)The physician did not cut all the way through the vas deferens.
D)The split part of the vas deferens grew back together.

Question 72

Suzy got an 80% on her grade 12 contraception test,is on birth control even though she has not had sex with her boyfriend,and jokes around with her girlfriends by practising putting on condoms using a banana.According to the IMB model,Suzy

A)is highly erotophilic.
B)shows risk factors for teenaged pregnancy.
C)is an early adopter of contraception.
D)demonstrates the three components that lead to consistent contraception use.

Question 73

The terms 'minilaparotomy' and 'laparoscopy' are types of surgery used for

A)cutting the vas deferens.
B)insertion of Norplant and Depo-Provera,respectively.
C)tying the fallopian tubes.
D)reversing a vasectomy.

Question 74

The majority of unwanted pregnancies are the direct result of

A)men forcing sexual intercourse on women.
B)a female trying to hold onto a male partner by getting pregnant.
C)the failure of sexually active persons to use contraceptives responsibly.
D)spontaneous sex.

Question 75

You are working at a sexual health clinic as a contraception consultant.A 35-year-old male client comes to talk to you about getting a vasectomy.He is aware that there are surgeries that can reverse the vasectomy for when he decides to conceive with a partner down the road.Given what you know about outcomes of vasectomies,what other information do you suggest he consider?

A)Because vasectomies are not very effective,a reversal is unlikely to be necessary.
B)His information is wrong because vasectomies are not reversible.
C)There is a chance that his body could form antibodies to his sperm after a vasectomy making reversal very difficult.
D)Sperm of older men are more likely to carry genetic defects than sperm of younger men.

Question 76

Female sterilization usually involves which of the following?

A)removal of the uterus
B)removal of the ovaries
C)tying,cutting,or cauterizing each of the fallopian tubes
D)complete surgical removal of the fallopian tubes

Question 77

The most serious physical side effect from a vasectomy is

A)impotence in about 15 percent of the cases.
B)development of a higher-pitched voice.
C)a decrease in the manufacture of testosterone.
D)minimal,if there are any side effects at all.

Question 78

Male sterilization is called a vasectomy because

A)the vas deferens are removed.
B)the vascular system feeding sperm growth is interrupted.
C)the vas deferens are tied or cut.
D)Dr.Vas K.Tomy invented the procedure.

Question 79

Of the contraception options still under development,which two are barrier methods?

A)GnRH and GyneFix
B)IVD and non-surgical sterilization
C)GyneFix and Nestorone Metered Dose Transdermal System
D)BufferGel and PRO 2000

Question 80

Which of the following is a reason NOT given by adolescents for their lack of condom use?

A)did not expect to have sex
B)my penis hurt
C)have a faithful partner
D)too much alcohol or drugs