Deck 6: Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth

Question 1

The most reliable indicator that a woman has to determine when she is ovulating is

A)a sharp rise in temperature.
B)a sharp decline in temperature.
C)counting 14 days after a sharp decline in temperature.
D)counting 14 days after a sharp rise in temperature.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

On the average,sperm can live up to how long inside the woman's body?

A)10 days
B)1 hour
C)1 day
D)5 days

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Once fertilization takes place,the embryo develops rapidly in which order?

A)body first,then legs,then head
B)body first,then head,then legs and sexual organs
C)sexual organs first,then body,and finally the head over the final two trimesters
D)head first,then lower body

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A heterosexual couple want to conceive.What suggestions would you give them to help ensure fertilization of the egg?

A)Have sexual intercourse every other day and use the most stimulating position-woman-on-top.
B)Have sexual intercourse every other day and use the missionary position.
C)Only have intercourse on the day of ovulation and douche immediately before and after.
D)Have sexual intercourse daily and use lubricants of some kind to aid sexual arousal.

Question 5

Which of the following cell layers differentiates into the nervous system and the skin?

A)mesoderm
B)ectoderm
C)endoderm
D)intestinal duct

Question 6

What will the groups of cells called the trophoblast eventually become?

A)umbilical cord
B)placenta
C)villi
D)endoderm

Question 7

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between the zona pellucida and hyaluronidase?

A)The zona pellucida surrounds the ova and needs to be dissolved by the hyaluronidase produced by the sperm in order for the sperm to penetrate the egg.
B)The zona pellucida on the head of the sperm is attracted towards the egg by the release of hyaluronidase by the ova.
C)The zona pellucida is the technical term for the head of the egg and hyaluronidase is the term for the head of the sperm.
D)The zona pellucida and hyaluronidase do not have a relationship;they are completely unrelated functions in the travel of the egg and sperm.

Question 8

Acrosome material is contained in the __________ of the sperm.Mitochondria are contained in the _________ of the sperm.

A)head;midpiece
B)midpiece;tail
C)midpiece;head
D)tail;head

Question 9

Which of the following cell layers differentiates into the muscles,skeleton,and reproductive systems?

A)mesoderm
B)ectoderm
C)endoderm
D)intestinal duct

Question 10

Considering the life span of the average sperm and how long the egg is capable of being fertilized,the optimum time for sexual intercourse in order for the egg to be fertilized would be

A)one week before ovulation.
B)one to two days before ovulation.
C)one to two days after ovulation.
D)one week after ovulation.

Question 11

The energy for the sperm to help make its way to the egg is found in what part of the sperm?

A)head
B)midpiece
C)chromosomes
D)tail

Question 12

In conception,it is necessary for one sperm to enter the egg.In order for the sperm to do so,what needs to be dissolved?

A)midpiece
B)acrosome
C)zona pellucida
D)conceptus mitochondria

Question 13

The egg moves along the fallopian tube

A)by lashing its tail back and forth.
B)through the action of the cilia lining the fallopian tube.
C)if the force produced by the man's ejaculate is sufficiently strong to move it.
D)through the action of hyaluronidase.

Question 14

Hyaluronidase is

A)the fertilized egg.
B)a protective layer surrounding the egg.
C)an enzyme secreted by sperm.
D)the area where sperm are manufactureD.

Question 15

The lashing action that moves the sperm forward is referred to as

A)lashation
B)moving the chromosomal material
C)flagellation
D)speed swimming

Question 16

Fertilization occurs in the

A)ovary
B)fallopian tube
C)cervix
D)uterus

Question 17

Once an egg is fertilized,it goes through three stages of development.The changes in each stage are accompanied by a different term used to refer to the developing conceptus.In order (first to last),these are:

A)zygote,fetus,embryo
B)fetus,embryo,zygote
C)embryo,zygote,fetus
D)zygote,embryo,fetus

Question 18

Of the original sperm released by the male into the vagina,about how many reach the tube containing the egg?

A)3
B)500
C)2,000
D)500,000

Question 19

Which of the following cell layers differentiates into the digestive organs?

A)mesoderm
B)ectoderm
C)endoderm
D)intestinal duct

Question 20

Sperm may arrive at the egg as soon as __________ after ejaculation.

A)1 minute
B)5 minutes
C)10 minutes
D)1½ hours

Question 21

The mass of tissue that allows nutrients and oxygen to pass from the mother's blood to the baby's blood is called the

A)cervix
B)uterus
C)vagina
D)placenta

Question 22

During pregnancy,physical problems such as constipation,nosebleeds,and/or edema appear and are common during which trimester?

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)last part of third

Question 23

Nägele's rule is used to

A)determine whether pregnancy signs are presumptive or probable.
B)assess the degree of softening of the cervix.
C)determine the date of delivery.
D)determine the expected size and body weight of the fetus.

Question 24

The placental barrier between fetal blood and the mother's blood prevents a number of bacteria and viruses from reaching the fetus,but ____________ is able to pass through on a regular basis.

A)oxygen
B)a cold virus
C)the mother's blood
D)breast milk

Question 25

One of your close female friends tells you that her breasts have been particularly tender lately and she finds herself much hornier than usual.Later she also tells you that she's been regularly feeling nauseous,has sometimes vomited and goes pee more often then usual.Which of her reports is NOT given as an early symptom of pregnancy?

A)tenderness of breasts
B)nausea and vomiting
C)more frequent urination
D)sudden increase in libido

Question 26

That membrane which is the closest to the fetus (and encloses it in fluid)is the

A)amnion
B)chorion
C)uterus
D)mesoderm

Question 27

Beta-hCG radioimmunoassay provides a __________ sign of pregnancy.Amenorrhea provides a __________ sign of pregnancy.

A)positive;probable
B)probable;positive
C)probable;presumptive
D)presumptive;probable

Question 28

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)is secreted by the

A)amnion
B)chorion
C)placenta
D)uterus

Question 29

Fetal development occurs most rapidly in the

A)first trimester
B)second trimester
C)third trimester
D)fourth trimester

Question 30

Psychological changes and responses of women to their pregnancies vary considerably.Recent research has found that

A)pregnancy is usually a time of calm and bliss as reflected in a "pregnant glow".
B)emotional changes are not related to the attitude that the woman has toward the pregnancy.
C)acceptance and adjustment to the pregnancy varies by social class,age,the state of her marriage and the stage of pregnancy.
D)most women experience bursts of energy and emotional euphoria,especially during the first trimester.

Question 31

Based on available evidence concerning the experiences women undergo during pregnancy,one possible realistic view of a pregnant woman is one

A)where most women experience relatively complete happiness and calm throughout the pregnancy,especially the third trimester.
B)of radiant contentment and self-fulfillment-the pregnant glow.
C)of relative emotional stability in terms of personal moods and an overall positive mood,especially if she has a supportive husband or partner.
D)where most women will experience self-loathing,occasional psychotic breaks,and emotional turbulence.

Question 32

If a woman believes that she is pregnant and takes a home pregnancy test and the test is negative,

A)she need no longer worry about the possibility of pregnancy.
B)she should repeat the test a week later in order to be sure that she is not.
C)she could have an ectopic pregnancy,requiring immediate medical attention.
D)she need not follow up with a pregnancy test at a local Planned Parenthood or family planning clinic.

Question 33

What does the presence of HCG (in a woman's urine)indicate?

A)ectopic pregnancy
B)amniotic leakage
C)pregnancy
D)birth defect in the fetus

Question 34

By mid-pregnancy the breasts may secrete a thin amber fluid called

A)lactate
B)prolactin
C)colostrum
D)edema

Question 35

Which one of the following protects the fetus against injury?

A)placenta
B)chorion
C)mesoderm
D)amniotic fluid

Question 36

The chorion and the amnion are

A)membranes surrounding the fetus
B)parts of the umbilical cord
C)parts of the mature sperm
D)layers of cells in the embryo

Question 37

The fetus first opens its eyes and can hear sounds during the ______ trimester.

A)first
B)second
C)mid-third
D)third

Question 38

Quickening is

A)most often felt by the woman for the first time in the second trimester.
B)preventable by genetic counseling and testing.
C)a warning that the delivery will be a breech presentation.
D)when the fetus turns in the uterus to assume a head-down position.

Question 39

Which of the following is MOST accurate as a pregnancy test?

A)a test for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B)a test for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG)
C)testing for a fetal heart-beat
D)testing for a stable increase in body temperature

Question 40

A doctor can detect the fetal heartbeat during the ________ month of pregnancy.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 41

One of the more important factors in increasing feelings of psychological well-being for women in the third trimester is

A)her own weight gain.
B)the first movement of the fetus.
C)having adequate social support from the presence of a spouse or partner.
D)the absence of previous biological children.

Question 42

The sexual position that is probably best suited for sexual intercourse during the late stages of pregnancy is the

A)man-on-top
B)woman-on-top
C)rear entry
D)side-to-side

Question 43

Which of the following would NOT be considered a "partner" to a child's mother?

A)The biological father,who is married to the mother.
B)The common-law spouse of the mother.
C)The female spouse of the mother.
D)Each of these individuals may be considered the "partner."

Question 44

During a normal,healthy pregnancy,intercourse can safely continue until

A)2 months before delivery
B)2½ months before delivery
C)6 weeks before delivery
D)4 weeks before delivery

Question 45

Teratogens (substances which will harm a fetus)DO NOT include:

A)antibiotics
B)alcohol
C)SSRI antidepressants
D)iron

Question 46

Couvade syndrome refers to

A)false pregnancy in women who are trying to become pregnant but with little success.
B)a condition in males that mimics the pregnancy in females.
C)a condition in mothers that mimics the conditions of their pregnant daughters.
D)a condition in teenage daughters that mimics the conditions of their mothers who are pregnant.

Question 47

All of the following have been related to low-birth weight,birth complications,fetal defects,and/or long-term complications EXCEPT:

A)father's smoking tobacco
B)calcium
C)mother's drinking alcohol
D)vitamins

Question 48

Men who showed higher levels of paternal behaviour in response to a video of a newborn had

A)higher levels of progesterone postnatally.
B)higher levels of testosterone postnatally.
C)higher levels of estrogen postnatally.
D)lower levels of testosterone postnatally.

Question 49

The typical pattern of sexual intercourse during pregnancy is

A)near normal frequency throughout pregnancy and post-partum.
B)normal frequency in the first trimester,a significant decrease in the second,and return to normal in the third.
C)decline in frequency in the first trimester,no change in the second,and a greater decline in the third trimester.
D)a significant decline in frequency in the first trimester that lasts throughout pregnancy and post-partum.

Question 50

Which of the following teratogenic substances has the LEAST possible LONG-TERM effects on development?

A)Nicotine
B)Alcohol
C)Marijuana
D)Antibiotics

Question 51

Cocaine abuse during pregnancy is known to be related to all of the following EXCEPT

A)an increased risk of low birth weight babies
B)neurological deficits
C)smaller head circumference
D)greater susceptibility to cancer in the offspring

Question 52

Children born with fetal alcohol syndrome have all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)small brains
B)heart malfunctions
C)large eye openings
D)leg malformations

Question 53

What might postnatal lower levels of testosterone in men indicate?

A)disposition to be a good father
B)happiness
C)anxiety
D)depression

Question 54

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are used for what?

A)improving the chances of conception
B)detecting genetic defects
C)detecting problematic pregnancies
D)illnesses that women can get during pregnancy

Question 55

what is the safe consumption amount of alcohol during pregnancy?

A)there is no safe amount
B)one drink rarely
C)the amount is unknown
D)a few drinks occasionally during the first trimester

Question 56

Poor diet while pregnant is related to all of the following variations from normal childbirth EXCEPT,

A)increased risk of miscarriage.
B)increased risk of stillbirths.
C)shorter than usual labour.
D)having a baby with low birth weight.

Question 57

During the third trimester the fetus turns and the head drops into the pelvis.This is known as all of the following EXCEPT

A)lightening
B)dropping
C)engagement
D)ignition

Question 58

A woman who has genital herpes is pregnant.What will she and her doctors consider when she is ready to deliver the baby?

A)decreasing the risk of complication to the mother during birth
B)decreasing the risk of transmission to the baby during pregnancy
C)decreasing the risk of transmission to the baby during birth
D)increasing the risk of survival of the baby

Question 59

The stage of pregnancy where the woman may be more depressed,aware of her size,and regularly experiences Braxton-Hicks contractions is the

A)first trimester
B)second trimester
C)third trimester
D)fourth trimester

Question 60

Which of the following is TRUE of fathers?

A)In spite of the feminist movement,most fathers in Canada today wish to remain uninvolved in the childrearing process.
B)A large number of Canadian fathers engage in activities in preparation for the arrival of a baby.
C)With the arrival of the 21^st century and advancements in medicine,couvades rituals have ceased.
D)In spite of the limited role fathers play in children's development,many Canadian fathers still attempt to be part of the childrearing process.

Question 61

The Lamaze method of childbirth consists of two basic techniques of relaxation and controlled breathing which

A)result in the elimination of pain during childbirth without the use of anesthesiA.
B)enable the woman to make it through childbirth without someone to 'coach' her as some other techniques of childbirth emphasize.
C)ease the tension and anxiety of the mother through preparation for birth.
D)do more to ease the tension and anxiety of the father than the mother who still has to go through childbirth.

Question 62

An episiotomy is most likely to be performed when ______ occurs.

A)effacement
B)crowning
C)dilation
D)transition

Question 63

A thinning out of the cervix during the first stage of labour is called

A)effacement
B)dilation
C)transition
D)crowning

Question 64

The rate of Caesarean deliveries in Canada

A)is considerably higher than found in European countries.
B)is a result of increased complications in pregnancies in Canada.
C)has resulted in higher numbers of neo-natal deaths.
D)is a reflection of the religious values that emphasize saving the child above that of the mother.

Question 65

The use of the episiotomy during labour in North America

A)causes most women considerable discomfort later during the healing process.
B)usually affects sexual intercourse for the rest of women's lives.
C)is necessary for the birth of a baby,without which the baby often experiences lack of oxygen flow.
D)is usually performed at the request of the woman.

Question 66

Which role does a doula play in childbirth?

A)helps perform ritual episiotomies
B)provides physical,emotional,and informational support to the woman and her partner
C)helps to ease the baby out of the vagina
D)performs postnatal assessments of the newborn

Question 67

Which of the following is TRUE regarding midwifery?

A)Midwives are trained to know when to refer to a medical specialist when complications arise that are outside their scope of practice.
B)Research shows that fewer women had a "very positive" birth experience when their primary care was from a midwife.
C)Midwives are not a part of the process of women choosing where to give birth.
D)In 2007,midwifery was a legal and regulated profession in all Canadian provinces.

Question 68

A healthy,pregnant woman from British Columbia is considering her options for giving birth.It being her first pregnancy,she is interested in being as comfortable as possible during birth,learning a lot about birth techniques and prenatal health prior to delivery,and having her care-providers with her throughout the process.Given her desires,which of the following is she MOST likely to choose?

A)physician
B)birthing centre
C)midwife
D)Lamaze course

Question 69

Labour begins when

A)the membranes containing the amniotic fluid ruptures,for just about all women
B)the "bag of waters burst" for just about all women
C)Braxton-Hicks contractions are present
D)regular contractions of the muscles of the uterus start

Question 70

The following are medical reasons for a caesarean section,EXCEPT:

A)mother's pelvis is too small
B)avoid tearing of the perineum
C)the umbilical cord is going through the cervix ahead of the baby
D)the placenta is attached to the wall of the uterus covering the cervix

Question 71

Primipara is the term given to

A)the coach in natural childbirth.
B)the dilation of the cervix.
C)the first contraction during labour.
D)a woman having her first baby.

Question 72

What is believed to be critical for initiating labour?

A)oxytocin
B)progesterone withdrawal
C)declining levels of estrogen
D)prostaglandins

Question 73

A "pudendal block"

A)is the same thing as a spinal anesthetic.
B)numbs the entire birth area,from the waist down.
C)numbs only the external genitals.
D)often makes the woman forget the events that occurred during childbirth.

Question 74

Home births

A)can be done by anyone who desires without having to worry about complications because of the better health of women today.
B)became popular because the hospital can create a fearful and inhospitable atmosphere for many.
C)were popular only during the 1960s and 1970s.
D)have not affected how children are born within the context of a hospital.

Question 75

The drugs used most commonly during childbirth are

A)local anesthetics
B)barbiturates
C)tranquillizers
D)general anesthetics

Question 76

Third-stage labour is characterized by

A)the "crowning"
B)expulsion of the afterbirth (placenta,umbilical cord,etc.)
C)strong contractions
D)Braxton-Hicks contractions

Question 77

The stage of labour where the baby's head has moved into the birth canal (vagina)and the head becomes visible at the vaginal entrance is

A)called the launching pad stage
B)the beginning of first-stage labour
C)the beginning of second-stage labour
D)the beginning of third-stage labour

Question 78

What does the Lamaze technique effleurage involve?

A)deep breathing
B)circular foot massage
C)lightly circular stoking of the abdomen
D)coaching the woman to relax her shoulders

Question 79

Which of the following is FALSE?

A)Anaesthetics should not be used in childbirth as they serve no real purpose.
B)Anaesthetics can decrease a woman's negative experiences with childbirth.
C)Even if a mother decides to use anaesthetics during childbirth,it is still a good idea to attend prenatal classes.
D)The clergy objected to the use of anaesthetics in childbirth due to the bible passage that says,"In sorrow thou shalt bring forth children."

Question 80

The effects of using anaesthesia during childbirth

A)do not have long term negative effects for the infant.
B)often result in higher death rates for infants.
C)often results in higher death rates for the mothers.
D)is not an option anymore due to the increase of young mothers under the age of 16.