Deck 6: Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth

Question 1

The egg moves along the fallopian tube by:

A)propelling itself forward through flagellation.
B)the action of the cilia lining the fallopian tube.
C)the force of a man's ejaculation.
D)the contraction of the sphincter muscles.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is the most reliable indicator of ovulation for a woman maintaining a basal body temperature chart?

A)A sharp rise in body temperature the day after it occurs
B)A sharp fall in body temperature the day after it occurs
C)A fall in body temperature maintained all through the week of ovulation
D)A constant temperature maintained both on and after the day of ovulation

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The energy used by sperm to move up the fallopian tube is stored in the _____ of the sperm's midpiece.

A)cilia
B)mitochondria
C)follicles
D)epidermis

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The _____ is the mass of tissue lying beside the fetus that allows nutrients and oxygen to pass from the mother's blood to the baby's blood.

A)periderm
B)zona pellucida
C)corpora cavernosa
D)placenta

Question 5

The _____ of an embryo differentiates into the digestive system and the respiratory system.

A)mesoderm
B)ectoderm
C)endoderm
D)periderm

Question 6

The _____ of an embryo differentiates into the nervous system and the skin.

A)mesoderm
B)ectoderm
C)endoderm
D)periderm

Question 7

Which of the following is true of the umbilical cord?

A)It is formed after embryonic development is completed.
B)It is attached to the placenta and provides the fetus with nutrients.
C)It connects the woman's navel with that of the fetus's.
D)It differentiates into the digestive and respiratory system of the fetus.

Question 8

Considering the lifespan of the average sperm and the period during which the egg is capable of being fertilized,the optimal time for sexual intercourse in order for the woman to conceive would be right at ovulation or:

A)one week before ovulation.
B)one to two days before ovulation.
C)five days after ovulation.
D)one week after ovulation.

Question 9

Which of the following secretes hyaluronidase,the enzyme that helps the sperm penetrate the egg?

A)Acrosome
B)Cilium
C)Bartholin gland
D)Skene's gland

Question 10

Hyaluronidase is defined as:

A)the newly-fertilized egg.
B)a protective layer surrounding the egg.
C)an enzyme secreted by sperm.
D)the inner lining of the uterus.

Question 11

Stephanie is 28 years old and wants to have a baby.Which of the following would improve her chances of conceiving?

A)She should straddle her partner during sex and avoid the missionary position.
B)She should lie on her back after sex,with her legs pulled up and a pillow under her hips.
C)She should douche herself with an acidic solution immediately after sexual intercourse.
D)She should use lubricants or suppositories to aid sexual arousal and facilitate penetration.

Question 12

The _____ of an embryo differentiates into the muscles,skeleton,connective tissues,and circulatory and reproductive systems.

A)mesoderm
B)ectoderm
C)endoderm
D)periderm

Question 13

Which of the following is true of amniotic fluid?

A)It is an alkaline enzyme secreted by sperm.
B)It protects the fetus from possible injury.
C)It facilitates conception during ovulation.
D)It holds the fetus rigidly in one place.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of sperm?

A)Sperm are the largest cells in the human body.
B)The acidity of the vagina nourishes sperm.
C)A typical ejaculate contains 10 to 15 sperm.
D)Sperm are manufactured in the seminiferous tubules.

Question 15

The process by which sperm are propelled up the fallopian tube is known as _____.

A)flagellation
B)diffusion
C)endocytosis
D)haemodialysis

Question 16

What function does amniotic fluid perform?

A)It facilitates conception during ovulation.
B)It helps sperm dissolve the zona pellucida.
C)It propels eggs through the fallopian tubes.
D)It maintains the fetus at a constant temperature.

Question 17

For the first eight weeks of gestation,the conceptus is called an embryo;from then until birth it is called a _____.

A)fetus
B)zygote
C)gamete
D)spermatid

Question 18

Conception typically occurs in the outer third of the _____.

A)ovary
B)fallopian tube
C)vas deferens
D)amniotic sac

Question 19

The egg is surrounded by a thin,gelatinous layer called the _____ which,when dissolved,allows the sperm to penetrate the egg.

A)epidermis
B)acrosome
C)zona pellucida
D)hyaluronidase

Question 20

Which of the following functions does the placenta perform?

A)It produces large quantities of estrogen and progesterone.
B)It acts as a barrier against all sexually transmitted diseases.
C)It helps sperm fertilize eggs by dissolving the zona pellucida.
D)It halts the production of human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 21

Which of the following is true of menstruation?

A)A missed menstrual period is an infallible indicator of pregnancy.
B)A heavier menstrual flow is a common symptom of pregnancy.
C)Depression,anxiety,or sickness can account for a missed period.
D)Most women menstruate through the first trimester of their pregnancy.

Question 22

The most reliable method of gender selection is preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).This technique involves:

A)transferring the embryo from the uterus of one woman to that of another.
B)the analysis of the chromosomal makeup of embryos fertilized via IVF.
C)using obstetric ultrasonography to determine the sex of the fetus.
D)percutaneous blood sampling of the umbilical corD.

Question 23

Nägele's rule is used to determine:

A)whether a pregnancy is normal or ectopic.
B)whether the cervix has dilated sufficiently.
C)a woman's expected date of delivery.
D)the bodyweight of the fetus.

Question 24

Trudy is halfway through her pregnancy and has noticed that her nipples have begun to secrete a thin amber fluid.This fluid is called _____.

A)amnion
B)hyaluronidase
C)colostrum
D)chorion

Question 25

Which of the following is true of nutrition for a pregnant woman?

A)Her intake of folic acid has no effect on the fetus.
B)She should ensure that her calcium levels are low.
C)She should ensure that her diet is rich in iron.
D)Her diet should be free of magnesium.

Question 26

Which of the following is recommended for a pregnant woman's diet?

A)The woman should lower her intake of iron during the first trimester.
B)The woman should avoid calcium-rich food throughout her pregnancy.
C)The woman should ensure that her diet contains sufficient folic acid.
D)The woman should raise her intake of artificially sweetened soft-drinks.

Question 27

Which of the following sexual positions is recommended for a woman during the late stages of her pregnancy because it puts minimum pressure on her abdomen?

A)Missionary
B)Woman-on-top
C)Rear entry
D)Side-to-side

Question 28

Which of the following is true of Braxton-Hicks contractions?

A)They are experienced only during labour.
B)They strengthen the uterine muscles.
C)They are excruciatingly painful.
D)They occur only during the first trimester.

Question 29

Which of the following is true of a pregnant woman's calcium intake?

A)Calcium-rich diets have been found to lead to high blood pressure in pregnant women.
B)Deficiencies in calcium have been found to reduce the risk of developing eclampsia.
C)Deficiencies in calcium have been linked with preterm births and low blood pressure.
D)Uterine ligament cramps indicate that a pregnant woman's diet contains sufficient calcium.

Question 30

In a first pregnancy,around two to four weeks before delivery,the baby turns and its head drops into the pelvis.This phenomenon is known as lightening,dropping,or _____.

A)hydrocephaly
B)couvade
C)engagement
D)differentiation

Question 31

Which of the following is true of pregnancy tests?

A)The most common pregnancy test is based on detecting hCG in a woman's urine.
B)The later it is done,the more difficult it is for laboratory tests to detect pregnancy.
C)Laboratory tests produce more false negatives than home pregnancy tests.
D)Most over-the-counter pregnancy tests can detect ectopic pregnancies.

Question 32

Megan is pregnant and wants to know her expected delivery date.The date of the first day of her last menstrual period was February 10,2010.According to Nägele's rule,Megan can be expected to deliver her baby on:

A)November 1,2010.
B)November 1,2011.
C)November 10,2011.
D)November 17,2010.

Question 33

Which of the following is true of the couvade syndrome?

A)Women experiencing it tend to have high levels of testosterone postnatally.
B)Men experiencing it tend to have high levels of testosterone postnatally.
C)Men experiencing it tend to have high levels of prolactin prenatally.
D)Women experiencing it tend to have low levels of prolactin prenatally.

Question 34

Which of the following is true of a pregnant woman's folic acid intake?

A)The presence of folic acid in a woman's diet has no effect on her fetus.
B)Symptoms of folic acid deficiency include fatigue and anemia.
C)Folic acid impedes growth in the developing fetus.
D)She should ensure that her intake of folic acid is low.

Question 35

Amenorrhea is a _____ sign of pregnancy.

A)presumptive
B)probable
C)positive
D)negative

Question 36

_____ results from increased water retention throughout the body and is a physical problem women face during their second trimester.

A)Catamenia
B)Edema
C)Menorrhagia
D)Hypermenorrhoea

Question 37

In a normal pregnancy,the fetus turns in the uterus to assume a head-down position during month _____.

A)one
B)three
C)four
D)seven

Question 38

A hormonal condition in males that causes them to mimic the symptoms of pregnancy in females is referred to as _____.

A)pseudocyesis
B)couvade syndrome
C)false pregnancy
D)paternity pains

Question 39

Which of the following is true of the physical changes in a woman's body during pregnancy?

A)The development of mammary glands causes the breast's areola to lighten and narrow.
B)The placenta causes a large decrease in the levels of estrogen and progesterone produced.
C)The increase in hormonal levels leads to a corresponding decrease in vaginal secretions.
D)The increase in progesterone levels often leads to feelings of fatigue in pregnant women.

Question 40

Which of the following is true of morning sickness?

A)Morning sickness manifests itself only during the third trimester of a woman's pregnancy.
B)Morning sickness is defined as nausea that occurs only before noon in pregnant women.
C)Evidence links the incidence of morning sickness with a lower risk of miscarriage.
D)Over 90% of pregnant women experience morning sickness throughout their pregnancy.

Question 41

An episiotomy is most likely to be performed when _____ occurs.

A)engagement
B)crowning
C)quickening
D)lightening

Question 42

A woman having her first baby is known as a _____.

A)primipara
B)doula
C)couvade
D)conceptus

Question 43

What is a "pudendal block"?

A)A topical anesthetic administered to the abdomen of the woman.
B)An anesthetic which numbs the woman from the waist down.
C)An anesthetic which numbs only the external genitals of the woman.
D)A barbiturate used to put a woman to sleep during a C-section.

Question 44

Which of the following is true of diethylstilbestrol (DES)?

A)It has been found to be beneficial to the fetus when taken regularly throughout a woman's pregnancy.
B)It is currently an approved "morning-after" pill for women who have had unprotected intercourse.
C)It has been shown to have little or no effect upon the developing fetus when taken in high doses.
D)It has been shown to cause cancer of the vagina in girls whose mothers took the drug while pregnant.

Question 45

Which of the following is true of the intake of alcohol during pregnancy?

A)Even a modest intake of alcohol by a pregnant woman can harm the fetus.
B)The consumption of alcohol has no impact on the intelligence of the fetus.
C)Alcohol cannot affect a fetus because its nervous system is distinct from its mother's.
D)The inclusion of alcohol in a woman's diet has been found to be beneficial to the fetus.

Question 46

Which of the following is true of the intake of drugs during pregnancy?

A)The long-term use of antibiotics by pregnant women may cause damage to the fetus.
B)All drugs consumed by pregnant women can pass through the placental barrier.
C)Drugs cannot affect a fetus because its nervous system is distinct from its mother's.
D)The inclusion of accutane in a woman's diet has been found to be beneficial to the fetus.

Question 47

Which of the following is true of the use of anesthetics in childbirth?

A)If administered early in labour,anesthetics may inhibit uterine contractions and prolong labour.
B)Research shows that high doses of epidural anesthetics have no negative effects on the infant.
C)Anesthetics in the mother's bloodstream cannot pass through the placenta to the infant.
D)Anesthetics help the mother push the baby out of her body more effectively.

Question 48

Which of the following is true of postpartum blues?

A)It is characterized by mood swings that last roughly two weeks.
B)It is more severe and lasts longer than postpartum depression.
C)It usually begins two to three months after giving birth.
D)It involves prolonged delusions and frequent hallucinations.

Question 49

How is a Caesarean section performed?

A)By making a slit in the perineum which is stitched up after the baby is born.
B)By widening the vagina with dilators to facilitate the passage of birth.
C)By making an incision through the abdomen and then through the wall of the uterus.
D)By making slits on either side of the vagina,without disturbing the perineum.

Question 50

In her Lamaze class,Chloe was taught a technique which involved lightly stroking her abdomen with her fingertips in a circular motion.This technique is called _____.

A)petrissage
B)tapotement
C)effleurage
D)effacement

Question 51

The first stage of labour begins when:

A)regular uterine contractions begin.
B)the cervix is fully dilated.
C)the baby's head "crowns."
D)the placenta is expelled from the woman's body.

Question 52

Which of the following is true of the use of cocaine during pregnancy?

A)The use of cocaine during pregnancy is associated with the risk of a delayed birth.
B)Infants exposed to cocaine are more likely to have a larger head circumference.
C)Infants exposed to cocaine in utero display central nervous system anomalies.
D)Research has found no link between a fetus's exposure to cocaine and retardation.

Question 53

What happens during third-stage labour?

A)The baby's head emerges from the birth canal.
B)The cervix continues to dilate.
C)The placenta and fetal membranes are expelled.
D)The incidence of contractions typically ceases.

Question 54

Which of the following is true of the stages of labour?

A)Progesterone is often administered to pregnant women to induce uterine contractions.
B)A small vaginal discharge of bloody mucus is considered abnormal before labour.
C)The Braxton-Hicks contractions typically occur at regular intervals after labour.
D)The rupturing of the amniotic sac generally signifies the end of the first stage of labour.

Question 55

Which of the following is true of an episiotomy?

A)It involves making a slit in the perineum.
B)It is usually conducted before the first stage of labour.
C)It is a necessary procedure for all pregnant women.
D)It refers to the clamping of the umbilical corD.

Question 56

The stage of labour where the baby's head begins to move into the birth canal is:

A)called the launching pad stage.
B)the beginning of first-stage labour.
C)the beginning of second-stage labour.
D)the beginning of third-stage labour.

Question 57

Which of the following occurs when the placenta is expelled from a woman's body?

A)The level of estrogen in her body rises.
B)The level of estrogen in her body drops.
C)The level of progesterone in her body rises.
D)There are no changes in the hormonal levels in her body.

Question 58

Which of the following functions does a spinal anesthetic perform?

A)It numbs only the external genitals of the woman.
B)It numbs only the woman's abdomen.
C)It is used to put a woman to sleep during a C-section.
D)It numbs the woman from her waist down.

Question 59

Millie is in labour and at the hospital.According to her doctor,she is in the "transition phase." In this case,which of the following is likely to be true?

A)Her placenta has been expelled from her body.
B)Her contractions have not yet begun.
C)Her contractions are 45 seconds to a minute apart.
D)Her cervix has dilated from 8 to 10 centimeters.

Question 60

Which of the following is true of Caesarean sections (C-sections)?

A)A C-section is performed by making an incision in the perineum.
B)A C-section is required in case the umbilical cord prolapses.
C)A woman who has undergone a C-section can never have a vaginal birth.
D)A woman who has undergone a C-section can never conceive again.

Question 61

The condition in which a woman believes herself to be pregnant and shows signs of pregnancy without actually being so is known as _____.

A)preeclampsia
B)ectopic pregnancy
C)eclampsia
D)pseudocyesis

Question 62

Spontaneous abortions:

A)involve the termination of the fetus through medical means.
B)occur from natural causes before the conceptus is viable.
C)always occur during the third trimester of pregnancy.
D)are a result of psychological trauma in a pregnant woman.

Question 63

Hypertension in a pregnant woman refers to:

A)the swelling of her limbs due to fluid retention.
B)the bursting of her amniotic sac.
C)an elevation in her blood pressure.
D)the clamping of the umbilical corD.

Question 64

Which of the following is true of preeclampsia?

A)The risk of preeclampsia decreases as prepregnancy body mass index (BMI)increases.
B)It is especially common among teenagers.
C)It is more likely to occur in women who have been pregnant before.
D)It poses no serious risk for the fetus or the pregnant woman.

Question 65

A major benefit of chorionic villus sampling (CVS)is that it:

A)carries with it no risk of fetal loss,unlike amniocentesis.
B)can be conducted in the first trimester of a woman's pregnancy.
C)can be carried out at home with the help of over-the-counter kits.
D)prevents the occurrence of subsequent ectopic pregnancies.

Question 66

Which of the following is true of tubal pregnancies?

A)Tubal pregnancies can be detected early easily.
B)Tubal pregnancies pose no health risks for pregnant women or the fetuses.
C)Tubal pregnancies occur when the egg is implanted in the seminiferous tubules.
D)Tubal pregnancies may lead to spontaneous abortions.

Question 67

Which of the following is true of breastfeeding?

A)Breastfeeding increases the risk of obesity and retardation in infants.
B)Breastfeeding reduces the likelihood of pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation.
C)Women on cocaine can breastfeed infants without harming them.
D)Women receive few physical or psychological health benefits from breastfeeding.

Question 68

Which of the following is the most severe of the postpartum psychiatric disorders?

A)Postpartum psychosis
B)Postpartum depression
C)Postpartum blues
D)Postpartum dyskinesia

Question 69

Which of the following statements is true regarding amniocentesis?

A)It should be performed between weeks 25 and 30 of pregnancy.
B)It is capable of detecting many congenital defects in the fetus.
C)It poses no risk toward the pregnant woman and her fetus.
D)It cannot be performed safely on women below the age of 35.

Question 70

Which of the following is true of postpartum psychosis?

A)It is the least severe of the postpartum psychiatric disorders.
B)Its symptoms include hallucinations and delusions.
C)It typically lasts for two to three days after delivery.
D)It is the most common of the postpartum psychiatric disorders.

Question 71

Which of the following is true of oxytocin?

A)Oxytocin is secreted by the thyroid gland.
B)Oxytocin stimulates the breasts to eject milk.
C)Oxytocin levels drop sharply in the weeks following delivery.
D)Oxytocin inhibits the production of breast milk.

Question 72

In cloning:

A)no sperm is necessary and the resulting individual is genetically identical to the donor.
B)sperm is necessary and the resulting individual is genetically identical to the donor.
C)sperm is necessary and the resulting individual is not genetically identical to either parent.
D)no sperm is necessary and the resulting individual is not genetically identical to either parent.

Question 73

_____ refers to elevated blood pressure accompanied by generalized edema and proteinuria in pregnant women.

A)Pseudocyesis
B)Amniocentesis
C)Postpartum psychosis
D)Preeclampsia

Question 74

Which of the following is true of postpartum psychiatric disorders?

A)Postpartum blues are characterized by frequent and prolonged delusions.
B)Postpartum psychosis is the least severe of the postpartum psychiatric disorders.
C)Postpartum depression is more severe than postpartum psychosis.
D)Postpartum psychosis is the rarest of the postpartum psychiatric disorders.

Question 75

Which of the following is true of prolactin?

A)Prolactin inhibits the production of breast milk.
B)Prolactin is secreted by the thyroid gland.
C)Prolactin levels drop sharply in the weeks following delivery.
D)Prolactin stimulates the breasts to produce milk.

Question 76

Which of the following is true of herpes simplex?

A)It cannot affect the genital region of a woman while she is pregnant.
B)A delivery by Caesarean-section reduces the likelihood that it will infect the infant.
C)Women affected by it are at low risk of spontaneous abortion.
D)Pregnant women are immune to the virus,as are the infants they carry.

Question 77

In most ectopic pregnancies,the fertilized egg is implanted in _____.

A)the fallopian tube
B)the vagina
C)Tyson's gland
D)Cowper's gland

Question 78

Which of the following is the mildest of the postpartum psychiatric disorders?

A)Postpartum psychosis
B)Postpartum depression
C)Postpartum blues
D)Postpartum dyskinesia

Question 79

Which of the following is true of ectopic pregnancies?

A)They are thought to be caused by the increased use of contraceptives like intrauterine device (IUD).
B)They have been found to occur only in the abdominal cavities of women.
C)Their incidence was shown to have declined by 600% from the year 1980 to 2004.
D)They account for the majority of pregnancies that occur in the United States.

Question 80

Most spontaneous abortions occur because of _____.

A)defective fetuses
B)psychological trauma
C)pseudocyesis
D)chronic infertility