Deck 13: Sexual Orientation: Gay, Straight, or Bi

Question 1

_____ is an individual's psychological sense of maleness or femaleness.

A)Gender identity
B)Sexual identity
C)Intrinsic fluidity
D)Sexual fluidity

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Experts are of the opinion that Kinsey's statistics on homosexuality were _____.

A)meticulous
B)accurate
C)inflated
D)reasonable

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What does research say about the effect of homosexual parenting on children?

A)Research shows that an overwhelming number of children raised by gay parents turn gay themselves.
B)Research shows that children raised by gay parents often lead more troubled lives than children raised by heterosexual parents.
C)Research shows that the mental health of children raised by gay parents is no different from that of children raised by heterosexual parents.
D)Research shows that an overwhelming number of children raised by gay parents are sex offenders.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is the most likely reason for statistics on homosexuality being complex?

A)Homosexuality is not clearly defined.
B)Women typically exaggerate their homosexual encounters.
C)Men typically exaggerate their homosexual encounters.
D)Research conducted on homosexual behavior is illegal.

Question 5

The person who conceptualized homosexuality and heterosexuality not as two separate categories but as variations on a continuum was _____.

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Alfred Kinsey
C)Carl Jung
D)Edward Lee Thorndike

Question 6

Which ethical principle was NOT violated in Laud Humphreys' study on the tearoom trade?

A)debriefing of subjects
B)informed consent from subjects
C)anonymity of subjects' responses
D)deception of subjects

Question 7

_____ refers to one's self-identity as homosexual,heterosexual,bisexual,queer,or something else.

A)Gender identity
B)Sexual identity
C)Intrinsic fluidity
D)Sexual fluidity

Question 8

Which of the following is true about gay and lesbian relationships?

A)They are always unsustainable and,therefore,short-term.
B)They are not very different from heterosexual relationships.
C)They are purely sexual unions with no romantic components.
D)They lack commitment,are unstable,and abusive.

Question 9

The term "tearoom trade" refers to

A)impersonal sexual acts in places like public restrooms.
B)the selling of sex in brothels.
C)unsolicited sex with a child below ten years of age.
D)masturbation by adolescents within the four walls of their homes.

Question 10

Which of the following Greek letters is often adopted by the lesbian-gay-bisexual (LGB)community as a symbol of pride?

A)omega
B)alpha
C)theta
D)lambda

Question 11

Which of the following did research discover to be true of the tearoom trade?

A)A large proportion of the men who participated in the tearoom trade were married heterosexuals men.
B)The tearoom trade is an urban legend used to turn liberalists against homosexual behavior.
C)None of the men who participated in the tearoom trade were covert homosexuals.
D)All of the men who participated in the tearoom trade were overt homosexuals.

Question 12

Why was Laud Humphrey's investigation into the tearoom trade ethically wrong?

A)He did not maintain the anonymity of the participants.
B)He paid participants to engage in sexual acts.
C)He skewed data to make it fit his hypothesis.
D)He did not obtain the informed consent of the participants.

Question 13

An overwhelming number of children growing up in lesbian or gay households have a(n)_____ orientation.

A)homosexual
B)asexual
C)heterosexual
D)bisexual

Question 14

When gays,lesbians,and heterosexuals were videotaped in a study and their interactions were coded for positive and negative behaviors,the researchers found that

A)heterosexuals are the highest in their levels of positive interactions.
B)gays are the highest in their levels of positive interactions.
C)lesbians are the highest in their levels of positive interactions.
D)there was no difference among the homosexual and heterosexual groups in their interactions.

Question 15

Why might information on homosexuals taken from reports by the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG)be inaccurate?

A)The NSFG asked nonequivalent questions on behavior to males and females,making gender comparisons inaccurate.
B)The NSFG used unsystematic and unscientific sampling techniques while selecting its participants.
C)The NSFG discounted the experiences of women as irrelevant,thus excluding half the population.
D)The NSFG discounted the experiences of men as irrelevant,thus excluding half the population.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the tearoom trade?

A)It has been proved conclusively to be an urban legend.
B)It occurs between heterosexuals who are well known to each other.
C)It is currently used mainly by older or closeted men because of gay men coming out of the closet.
D)Its main purpose is monetary gain.

Question 17

Which of the following is a scientific breakthrough made by Kinsey?

A)The discovery that women had two types of orgasm;vaginal and clitoral.
B)The conceptualization of homosexuality and heterosexuality as two distant categories.
C)The discovery that only homosexual men are capable of having multiple orgasms.
D)The conceptualizing of homosexuality and heterosexuality as two variants on a continuum.

Question 18

Why was Kinsey's report controversial?

A)He reported that most women had unresolved issues dealing with "penis envy" even as grown adults.
B)He reported that an overwhelming number of sex offenders were raised by gay parents.
C)He reported that an overwhelming number of sex offenders were raised by lesbian parents.
D)He reported that 37 percent of all males had had at least one homosexual experience to orgasm in adulthooD.

Question 19

_____ refers to a person's erotic and emotional attraction toward members of his or her own gender or members of the other gender.

A)Gender identity
B)Gender role
C)Sexual orientation
D)Homofixation

Question 20

The most common sexual activity performed in the tearoom trade is _____.

A)onanism
B)cunnilingus
C)masturbation
D)fellatio

Question 21

Bob is 47 years old,married,and the father of two young boys.Bob is exclusively heterosexual in orientation and has never had any sexual encounters with members of the same gender.On Kinsey's continuum of homosexual and heterosexual behavior,Bob would be rated

A)0.
B)1.
C)3.
D)6.

Question 22

Why were the results on homosexual behavior that were obtained from studies with control groups unreliable?

A)The investigators assumed that homosexuality is an innate instinct of every being which is usually suppressed in normal people by puberty.
B)The investigators began with the premise that homosexual behavior is normal and not connected to any psychological illness.
C)The investigators studied only men and not women,thus excluding half the population.
D)The investigators compared homosexuals in therapy to heterosexuals not in therapy,thus skewing their results.

Question 23

Which of the following was a reason for the Simon LeVay study on the anatomical differences between the brains of heterosexual and homosexual individuals to be flawed?

A)Gay men were omitted from the study,making them invisible in the research.
B)The sample size was too large with homosexuals outnumbering the heterosexuals.
C)The sexual orientation of men was not the focus of the research.
D)Lesbian women were omitted from the study,making them invisible in the research.

Question 24

The general result of nonpatient research comparing heterosexuals and homosexuals in their level of psychological adjustment indicates that

A)lesbians are better adjusted than gays and bisexuals.
B)heterosexuals are typically better adjusted than are homosexuals.
C)homosexuals are typically better adjusted than are heterosexuals.
D)the two groups do not generally differ in adjustment.

Question 25

Kate has a score of 3 on the Kinsey scale.This indicates that she

A)is exclusive heterosexual.
B)is exclusively homosexual.
C)has equal heterosexual and homosexual experience.
D)identifies herself as asexual.

Question 26

Which of the following is true about prenatal factors influencing the development of a person's sexuality?

A)Evidence shows that exposure to atypical hormones does not affect the physical development of the fetus.
B)Evidence shows that exposure to atypical hormones does not affect the sexual orientation of the fetus.
C)Evidence shows that exposure to atypical hormones can produce male characteristics in female fetuses and vice versa.
D)Evidence shows that exposure to atypical hormones can affect the sexual development of male but not female fetuses.

Question 27

Scientists agree that higher rates of depression and suicide attempts among lesbian-gay-bisexual (LGB)individuals

A)means that homosexuality per se indicates mental illness.
B)are caused by the stress of concealing their true identity.
C)are a result of skewed research data.
D)means that no cure has yet been found for homosexuality.

Question 28

Ever since Imogene has "come out" she has been in a steady relationship with her girlfriend,Carrie.Prior to coming out,she never bothered to go out on dates with boys and pretend to lead a heterosexual life.Therefore,she has had absolutely no sexual contact with members of the opposite gender.On Kinsey's continuum of homosexual and heterosexual behavior,Imogene would be rated _____.

A)0
B)3
C)4
D)6

Question 29

A score of 0 on the Kinsey scale indicates that a person is

A)exclusively homosexual.
B)exclusively heterosexual.
C)bisexual.
D)asexual.

Question 30

The fact that the rate of homosexual concordance is substantially higher for identical twins than for nonidentical twins shows that

A)sexual orientation is determined solely by environmental factors.
B)there is a genetic contribution to determining sexual orientation.
C)there is no genetic contribution to determining sexual orientation.
D)sexual orientation is determined solely by cultural factors.

Question 31

Which of the following is true about the "fraternal birth order effect"?

A)It shows that compared with heterosexual men,gay men tend to have fewer older brothers.
B)It shows that compared with heterosexual men,gay men are likelier to have a late birth order.
C)It shows that compared with heterosexual women,lesbians tend to have fewer older sisters.
D)It shows that compared with heterosexual women,lesbians tend to have an early birth order.

Question 32

During the Spanish Inquisition,people who were accused of being homosexuals were burned at the stake.In the 20th century,however,this view was replaced by the medical model which considered homosexuality to be a(n)

A)form of mental illness.
B)genetic disorder.
C)normal expression of sexuality.
D)intrinsic part of all heterosexuals.

Question 33

_____ therapy refers to treatments designed to turn lesbian-gay-bisexual (LGB)individuals into heterosexuals.

A)Reparative
B)Restorative
C)Relational
D)Refractory

Question 34

A person with a rating of 1 on the Kinsey scale would be classified as

A)heterosexual with substantial homosexual experience.
B)homosexual with substantial heterosexual experience.
C)mostly homosexual with incidental heterosexual experience.
D)mostly heterosexual with incidental homosexual experience.

Question 35

The fact that the rate of homosexual concordance is substantially higher for identical twins than for nonidentical twins argues in favor of a genetic contribution to sexual orientation.Why does this finding also show us that genetic factors are not the sole determinants of sexual determinants?

A)If the genetic factors were acting in isolation,then the rates of concordance should be higher for nonidentical twins than for identical twins.
B)If the genetic factors were acting in isolation,then the rates of concordance should include adopted siblings as well as cotwins.
C)If genetic factors were the only determinants involved,then the rate of concordance would be 50 percent.
D)If genetic factors were the only determinants involved,then the rate of concordance would be 100 percent.

Question 36

A score of 6 on the Kinsey scale indicates that a person is

A)exclusively heterosexual.
B)bisexual.
C)asexual.
D)exclusively homosexual.

Question 37

The fraternal birth order effect shows that

A)gay men tend to have more older brothers.
B)gay men are likelier to have an early birth order.
C)lesbians tend to have more older sisters.
D)lesbians tend to have a late birth order.

Question 38

Which of the following assumptions does conversion therapy rest on?

A)Sexuality has no natural state.
B)Homosexuality is the norm.
C)Homosexuality is an illness.
D)Homosexuality cannot be cureD.

Question 39

Which of the following is a reason for older theorists and researchers being unable to arrive at accurate results while studying homosexuality?

A)They used a scientific approach.
B)They used an objective approach.
C)They used a homonormative approach.
D)They used a heteronormative approach.

Question 40

Which of the following was a shortcoming of the study conducted by Simon LeVay on the anatomical differences between the brains of heterosexual and homosexual individuals?

A)The sample size was too large with homosexuals outnumbering the heterosexuals.
B)All the gay men but only six of the straight men and one straight woman in the sample died of AIDS which might account for some of the brain anomalies observed.
C)There were more homosexual women included in the study than there were homosexual men.
D)The study focused on homosexual women and therefore cannot be held true for men.

Question 41

Which of the following is a research finding about the differences between gay men and lesbians?

A)Men are more likely to be bisexual than women are.
B)Women are more likely to be exclusively homosexual than men are.
C)Women,whether lesbians or not,show arousal to both male and female stimuli.
D)Men tend to be more sexually fluid than women over the years.

Question 42

Which of the following ideas does research on mostly heterosexuals challenge?

A)the idea that sexual orientation exists along a continuum
B)the idea that sexual orientation can be understood as two or three distinct categories
C)the idea that sexual orientations overlap
D)the idea that sexual orientations cannot be studied scientifically

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true about the learning theory?

A)It considers heterosexuality to be an inborn trait in everybody.
B)It is based on the belief that homosexuality in women can be cured.
C)It considers homosexuality to be a manifestation of sexual deviancy.
D)It treats homosexuality in both men and women as a normal form of behavior.

Question 44

Which of the following countries is most likely to express high levels of acceptance for homosexuality?

A)Kenya
B)Indonesia
C)Egypt
D)Germany

Question 45

Studies that administered hormones to gay men in the hope of "curing" them found that an increase in the testosterone levels of gay men

A)made no difference to their sexual drive or orientation.
B)killed their sex drive completely,making them asexual.
C)converted them to heterosexual individuals.
D)induced even more homosexual behavior than usual.

Question 46

Which of the following is a feature of Asian American culture that shapes its attitude toward homosexuality?

A)an overlap between what may be expressed publicly and what should be kept private
B)a strong value placed on loyalty to one's family and on the performance of family roles
C)an emphasis on the expression of one's own desires
D)an emphasis on having a sexual identity different from that which can be comprehended by the family

Question 47

Which of the following was discovered during the study conducted by Simon LeVay on the anatomical differences between heterosexual and homosexual individuals?

A)An overwhelming number of lesbians were right-handed.
B)Gay men had fewer psychological problems than straight men.
C)The hypothalamic cells of gay men resembled those of women more than those of straight men.
D)Lesbians and gays had,to a large extent,the same eating habits and similar food preferences.

Question 48

Studies of hormone levels have revealed that

A)homosexual males have considerably lower levels of testosterone than do heterosexual males.
B)homosexual males have considerably higher levels of testosterone than do heterosexual males.
C)administering testosterone to homosexual males reduces their sex drive considerably.
D)testosterone levels do not appear to differ between heterosexuals and homosexuals.

Question 49

Using modern functional brain scanning methods,researchers exposed gay men,heterosexual men,and heterosexual women to human pheromones and recorded their brain responses.Which of the following did the studies show about lesbians?

A)Lesbians had male-structured brains.
B)Lesbians were turned on,in their brains,by women's pheromones.
C)Lesbians were turned on,in their brains,by men's pheromones.
D)Lesbians produced no female pheromones.

Question 50

In which of the following ways do gay men and lesbians appear to differ?

A)Research shows that the fraternal birth order effect is found in lesbians but not gay men.
B)Research shows that women,over time,tend to be more sexually fluid than men.
C)Research shows that fetal exposure to atypical hormones causes homosexuality only in men.
D)Research shows that fetal exposure to atypical hormones causes homosexuality only in women.

Question 51

According to Reiss's sociological theory,a pattern of _____ with infants leads to the highest incidence of same-gender sexual behavior.

A)high maternal involvement and high paternal involvement
B)low maternal involvement and low paternal involvement
C)low maternal involvement and high paternal involvement
D)high maternal involvement and low paternal involvement

Question 52

Using modern functional brain scanning methods,researchers exposed gay men,heterosexual men,and heterosexual women to human pheromones and recorded their brain responses.Which of the following was a result of these studies?

A)Lesbians have male-structured brains and gays have female-structured brains.
B)Both heterosexual women and gays were turned on,in their brains,by women's pheromones.
C)Both heterosexual men and lesbians were turned on,in their brains,by women's pheromones.
D)Lesbians produce more concentrated male pheromones than heterosexual men.

Question 53

Which of the following theories suggest that punishing a child for the expression of heterosexual behaviors and rewarding a child for the expression of homosexual behaviors leads to the development of homosexuality?

A)biosocial theory
B)learning theory
C)sociocultural theory
D)sociobiological theory

Question 54

The learning theory states that

A)bisexuality is inborn.
B)heterosexuality is not necessarily inborn.
C)homosexuality is a mental illness.
D)bisexuality is a mental illness.

Question 55

Reiss suggests that homosexuality is most likely to develop in cultures with

A)females competing with males for authority.
B)dominant males and rigid gender roles.
C)gender roles which are very flexible.
D)gender roles which are not well-defineD.

Question 56

Which of the following is true about studies that attempted to replicate Simon LeVay's findings on the anatomical differences between heterosexual and homosexual individuals?

A)All of the studies conducted corroborated LeVay's findings on the hypothalamus and the role it plays in homosexuality.
B)All of the studies conducted have proved conclusively that the hypothalamus has no connection with the sexuality of people.
C)Animal researchers believe that they have identified a similar region in the hypothalamus of the rat that is linked with sexuality.
D)Animal researchers have proved that the hypothalamus of primates have no link to their sexual preferences or mating habits.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true according to the learning theory?

A)People are born asexual.
B)People are born sexual,and not heterosexual or homosexual.
C)People are born homosexual,heterosexuality develops with age.
D)People are born heterosexual,homosexuality develops with age.

Question 58

Which of the following is true about bisexuality according to research?

A)Bisexuality is more common than exclusive homosexuality.
B)Bisexuality is socially acceptable and occurs only in urban areas.
C)Bisexuality is a relatively recent phenomenon.
D)Bisexuality prevents the spreading of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

Question 59

Which of the following does the sociological theory of homosexuality state?

A)Societies with a low incidence of homosexuality have reached the utopian state.
B)Societies with low paternal-infant involvement have a lower incidence of homosexuality.
C)Homosexuality is the result of biological factors and not the environment.
D)Labeling people "homosexual" can act as a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 60

Sociological theory emphasizes the effect of _____ in explaining homosexuality.

A)evolution
B)parenting
C)diet
D)labeling

Question 61

Define sexual orientation and its types-homosexual,heterosexual,and bisexual.

Question 62

How might prenatal factors account for the development of homosexuality?

Question 63

Describe the impact that gay and lesbian parents have on the children they raise.

Question 64

How does the learning theory account for the development of heterosexuality and homosexuality?

Question 65

Describe how,according to the sociological theory,labeling affects the development of a person's sexual identity.

Question 66

What is the fraternal birth order effect?

Question 67

How are gays and lesbians similar to and different from other minority groups?

Question 68

Distinguish between the terms "homophobia" and "antigay prejudice."

Question 69

What was Kinsey's major breakthrough regarding the conceptualization of homosexuality and heterosexuality?

Question 70

In the context of bisexual development,in what way does gender identity differ from sexual identity?

A)Unlike sexual identity,gender identity develops in the same way for all people.
B)Unlike gender identity,sexual identity seems to be fixed in the preschool years.
C)Unlike gender identity,sexual identity continues to evolve in adulthood for some people.
D)Unlike gender identity,sexual identity develops in the same way for all people.

Question 71

Explain conversion therapy and discuss its effectiveness.