Deck 7: Cardiovascular Health

Question 1

The large blood vessel through which waste-laden,oxygen-poor blood travels is called the

A)vena cavA.
B)aorta.
C)pulmonary artery.
D)ventricle.

Answer 1

vena cavA.

Question 2

What is the number-one killer of Canadian women?

A)breast cancer
B)ovarian cancer
C)heart disease
D)stroke

Answer 2

heart disease

Question 3

How many chambers does the heart contain?

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)six

Answer 3

four

Question 4

Individuals who are most vulnerable to early onset of cardiovascular disease include all of the following,EXCEPT

A)smokers.
B)individuals with uncontrolled hypertension.
C)individuals with low cholesterol levels.
D)sedentary individuals.

Question 5

Sustained high blood pressure is an indicator of

A)emotional stress.
B)heart strength.
C)excessive force being exerted against artery walls.
D)an unhealthy ratio of HDLs to LDLs.

Question 6

The two upper chambers of the heart in which blood collects before passing to the lower chambers are called

A)ventricles.
B)atria.
C)septum.
D)valves.

Question 7

The left side of the heart pumps blood in the _______________ circulation.

A)pulmonary
B)systemic
C)cerebral
D)coronary

Question 8

Blood cell fragments that are necessary for the clotting of blood are called

A)platelets.
B)erythrocytes.
C)leukocytes.
D)macrophages.

Question 9

Systole is the

A)normal pause between heartbeats.
B)normal rhythm of the heart.
C)contraction of the heart.
D)relaxation of the heart.

Question 10

The arteries that branch from the aorta and provide blood to the heart muscle itself are _______________ arteries.

A)pulmonary
B)systemic
C)coronary
D)femoral

Question 11

All of the following CVD risk factors can be changed,EXCEPT

A)cholesterol levels.
B)cigarette smoking.
C)family history of CVD.
D)physical inactivity.

Question 12

Smoking harms the cardiovascular system in all of the following ways,EXCEPT

A)increasing adhesiveness of platelets.
B)reducing level of high-density lipoproteins.
C)increasing blood pressure.
D)decreasing plaque formation.

Question 13

Hypertension probably contributes to atherosclerosis by

A)dilating arteries.
B)influencing cholesterol levels.
C)causing injury to the artery walls.
D)affecting sodium balance in the body.

Question 14

The small blood vessels that connect the arteries and veins are the

A)venules.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)vascules.

Question 15

The large artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and distributes it to the rest of the body is called the

A)aortA.
B)vena cava.
C)pulmonary artery.
D)pulmonary vein.

Question 16

High blood pressure is best described as

A)a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a disease itself.
B)a side effect of cardiovascular disease.
C)a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
D)a disease.

Question 17

Diastole is the

A)contraction of the heart.
B)relaxation of the heart.
C)main valve in the heart.
D)largest vein in the body.

Question 18

The portion of the circulation governed by the right side of the heart is the _______________ circulation.

A)systemic
B)pulmonary
C)cerebral
D)extremity

Question 19

The largest artery in the body is the

A)carotid.
B)atria.
C)aorta.
D)coronary.

Question 20

Smoking increases cardiovascular risk in all of the following ways,EXCEPT

A)reducing high-density lipoproteins.
B)increasing blood pressure.
C)increasing heart rate.
D)increasing oxygen in the blooD.

Question 21

The form of cholesterol that draws cholesterol out of the walls of the arteries and returns it to the liver for recycling is

A)HDL.
B)VLDL.
C)LDL.
D)triglyceride.

Question 22

What is thought to be the closest thing we have to a magic bullet against heart disease?

A)red wine
B)weight loss
C)exercise
D)aspirin

Question 23

Cholesterol is an important component of each of the following,EXCEPT

A)cell membranes.
B)fluid that coats the liver.
C)protective nerve sheaths.
D)sex hormones.

Question 24

The recommended level of HDL cholesterol for adults is

A)less than 1.0 mmol/L.
B)less than 3.0 mmol/L.
C)less than 5.0mmol/L.
D)1.0 mmol/L or more.

Question 25

A desirable level of total cholesterol for adults is less than _______________ mmol/L.

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)10

Question 26

Diabetics also have higher rates of

A)hypertension.
B)obesity.
C)atherosclerosis.
D)all of the above.

Question 27

All of the following increase risk for cardiovascular disease,EXCEPT

A)alcohol abuse.
B)low socioeconomic status.
C)high educational attainment.
D)social isolation.

Question 28

Evidence suggests that after a heart attack the risk of _________ rises.

A)obesity
B)diabetes
C)high blood pressure
D)cancer

Question 29

Which of the following does NOT raise triglyceride levels?

A)excess body fat
B)very low carbohydrate diet
C)cigarette smoking
D)physical inactivity

Question 30

It is estimated that patients can reduce their risk for heart attack by 2 percent for every _____ percent they reduce their total cholesterol.

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)8

Question 31

The recommended level of LDL cholesterol for adults is

A)less than 3 mmol/L.
B)less than 5 mmol/L.
C)less than 6 mmol/L.
D)5 mmol/L or more.

Question 32

The College of Family Physicians of Canada recommends all adults over age ____ talk with their physician about whether cholesterol testing is appropriate for them.

A)20
B)30
C)40
D)50

Question 33

Which of the following combinations would place someone at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?

A)low HDL and low LDL
B)high HDL and high LDL
C)low HDL and high LDL
D)high HDL and low LDL

Question 34

Which of the following Type A personality characteristics is least closely associated with heart disease?

A)hostility
B)hurrying
C)anger
D)cynicism

Question 35

All of the following are characteristics of Type D personality,EXCEPT

A)pessimism.
B)angry outbursts.
C)general negativity.
D)unhappiness.

Question 36

Exercise alters blood fat levels by

A)raising LDL levels.
B)raising triglyceride levels.
C)raising HDL levels.
D)lowering HDL levels.

Question 37

The form of cholesterol that carries cholesterol out from the liver to other parts of the body and leads to cholesterol deposits on the artery walls is

A)HDL.
B)VLDL.
C)LDL.
D)triglyceride.

Question 38

Men have a greater risk of heart attack and stroke than women do because

A)fewer women than men have hypertension.
B)women have larger coronary arteries than men do.
C)premenopausal women seem to be protected from heart disease by estrogen.
D)men have more severe heart attacks than women do.

Question 39

Compared to Caucasian Canadians,the incidence of cardiovascular disease among African Canadians is

A)about the same.
B)higher.
C)lower.
D)undetermineD.

Question 40

The incidence of stroke more than doubles each decade after what age?

A)45
B)55
C)65
D)75

Question 41

A blood pressure reading of 121/81 is classified as

A)normal.
B)prehypertension.
C)stage 1 hypertension.
D)stage 2 hypertension.

Question 42

The cutoff point for blood pressure at or above which an adult is diagnosed with hypertension is

A)120/80.
B)130/80.
C)140/90.
D)150/90.

Question 43

Which one of the following blood pressure readings would be considered optimal for a young adult?

A)110/70
B)120/88
C)135/92
D)144/90

Question 44

C-reactive protein is released into the bloodstream in response to

A)free radicals.
B)antioxidants.
C)inflammation.
D)phytochemicals.

Question 45

A sphygmomanometer is an instrument used to measure

A)blood pressure.
B)blood flow.
C)heart sounds.
D)cardiac output.

Question 46

Blood viscosity can be reduced by

A)limiting fluid intake.
B)donating blood regularly.
C)taking iron supplements.
D)menopause.

Question 47

Which of the following is associated with metabolic syndrome?

A)high HDL
B)insulin resistance
C)low blood pressure
D)low triglycerides

Question 48

When a coronary artery becomes blocked,the result is

A)a heart attack.
B)angina.
C)arrhythmia.
D)an obstructive embolism.

Question 49

High uric acid levels in the blood may cause all of the following,EXCEPT

A)hypertension.
B)gout.
C)kidney stones.
D)diabetes.

Question 50

Nutritional experts recommend that saturated fat intake should be ____________ of total daily calories.

A)35 percent or less
B)30 percent or less
C)7 percent or less
D)2 percent

Question 51

Which of the following statements about gender and CVD is true?

A)In Canada,CVD is the leading killer of men but not of women.
B)Estrogen may offer premenopausal women some protection against CVD.
C)The incidence of hypertension is higher in women than in men before age 55.
D)Women are more likely than men to have classic heart attack symptoms like chest pain.

Question 52

Which one of the following factors is not associated with elevated levels of homocysteine?

A)being female
B)low intake of vitamin B-12
C)low intake of vitamin B-6
D)low intake of folic acid

Question 53

When the heart contracts,called ____________,blood pressure ____________;when the heart relaxes,called ____________,blood pressure ____________.

A)diastole,increases,systole,decreases
B)diastole,decreases,systole,increases
C)systole,increases,diastole,decreases
D)systole,decreases,diastole,increases

Question 54

If an artery in a limb becomes blocked,it causes

A)heart attack.
B)stroke.
C)peripheral arterial disease.
D)arthritis.

Question 55

Atherosclerosis is

A)sustained,abnormally high blood pressure.
B)a condition resulting from the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force.
C)the thickening of artery walls by deposits of fatty substances.
D)severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart.

Question 56

Heart attacks are most likely to occur during which hours of the day?

A)6:00am and noon
B)noon and 6:00pm
C)6:00pm and midnight
D)midnight and 6:00am

Question 57

Which of the following is TRUE about homocysteine?

A)It is another type of cholesterol,similar to triglycerides.
B)Levels are higher in women than in men.
C)It helps repair the linings of arteries.
D)Levels are higher in people whose diets are low in folic aciD.

Question 58

High blood pressure is a health risk when it is

A)high most of the time.
B)the product of emotional excitement.
C)the product of exercise.
D)the product of sexual excitement.

Question 59

Among the following treatment options for mild to moderate hypertension,which should be the LAST option tried,after the others have failed to produce an improvement?

A)weight loss
B)change in exercise habits
C)reduced salt intake
D)drug therapy

Question 60

Chest pain caused by lack of oxygen to the heart is called

A)thrombosis.
B)infarction.
C)hypertension.
D)angina.

Question 61

Which of the following is a treatment for heart disease?

A)angina pectoris
B)balloon angioplasty
C)electrocardiogram
D)angiogram

Question 62

A wandering clot that causes a stroke is called a(n)

A)vascular accident.
B)thrombosis.
C)embolus.
D)hemorrhage.

Question 63

All of the following groups are more likely to experience heart attack without chest pain,EXCEPT

A)men.
B)people with diabetes.
C)ethnic minorities.
D)older adults.

Question 64

Atherosclerosis is most closely associated with which type of stroke?

A)hemorrhagic
B)thrombotic
C)embolic
D)infarct

Question 65

Most deaths from heart attacks occur within ___________ from the onset of symptoms.

A)30 minutes
B)1 hour
C)2 hours
D)3 hours

Question 66

A test that measures the electrical activity of the heart is called a(n)

A)coronary arteriogram.
B)electrocardiogram.
C)electroencephalogram.
D)echocardiogram.

Question 67

What type of stroke is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel on the brain's surface resulting in bleeding into the space between the brain and the skull?

A)thrombotic
B)embolic
C)subarachnoid hemorrhage
D)ischemic

Question 68

The most common symptom associated with angina is

A)tightness or pressure in the chest.
B)nausea.
C)pain or numbness in the shoulder or in the arm.
D)shortness of breath.

Question 69

Damage to the heart muscle because of lack of blood supply is called

A)myocardial infarction.
B)angina pectoris.
C)ischemia.
D)cardiac arrest.

Question 70

Sudden cardiac death most often occurs because of

A)low blood pressure.
B)blocked cerebral arteries.
C)arrhythmia.
D)coronary thrombosis.

Question 71

Angina pectoris is caused by

A)the complete blockage of a coronary artery.
B)a disruption of the electrical system of the heart.
C)a need for oxygen in the heart that exceeds supply.
D)sustained high blood pressure.

Question 72

Repeat clogging of an artery after balloon angioplasty is called

A)restenosis.
B)angiography.
C)edema.
D)rethrombus.

Question 73

Consuming aspirin on a regular basis reduces the risk of

A)gastrointestinal bleeding.
B)ulcers.
C)platelets forming clots.
D)hemorrhagic stroke.

Question 74

An arrhythmia is

A)an irregular heartbeat.
B)a ruptured blood vessel.
C)a blood clot found near the heart.
D)another name for high blood pressure.

Question 75

A hemorrhagic stroke may occur as a result of

A)a thrombosis.
B)an embolus.
C)an aneurysm.
D)low platelet levels.

Question 76

Which of the following is a noninvasive test that evaluates CVD by using sound waves to examine the heart?

A)electron-beam computed tomography
B)magnetic resonance imaging
C)echocardiography
D)angioplasty

Question 77

The type of stroke that is caused by a rupture of blood vessels is called

A)ischemic.
B)embolic.
C)thrombotiC.
D)hemorrhagic.

Question 78

Which of the following statements about taking aspirin is false?

A)It has an anticlotting effect.
B)It decreases adhesiveness of platelets.
C)It can affect blood cholesterol levels.
D)It reduces inflammation.

Question 79

A cerebrovascular accident is another name for a

A)cerebral thrombosis.
B)stroke.
C)cerebral hematoma.
D)ruptured blood vessel.

Question 80

Symptoms of a myocardial infarction include

A)headache.
B)low back pain.
C)sore throat.
D)difficulty breathing.