Deck 13: Immunity and Infection

Question 1

Which of the following statements about the antibody-mediated immune response is correct?

A)Antibodies work against bacteria and viruses that reproduce inside body cells.
B)T cells carry it out without antigen detection.
C)Antibodies activate helper T cells and produce killer T cells.
D)Antibodies dissolved in body fluids bind to antigens and trigger responses to them.

Answer 1

Antibodies dissolved in body fluids bind to antigens and trigger responses to them.

Question 2

When the body responds to a relatively harmless substance as if it were a dangerous pathogen and mounts an immune response,this response is called

A)passive immunity.
B)active immunity.
C)pathogenesis.
D)an allergic reaction.

Answer 2

an allergic reaction.

Question 3

Chemicals responsible for the dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels in the inflammatory response are called

A)histamines.
B)antigens.
C)antibodies.
D)lymphocytes.

Answer 3

histamines.

Question 4

Vaccines confer ______ immunity.

A)active
B)partial
C)innate
D)natural

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a vector of disease?

A)contaminated soil
B)rats
C)ticks
D)mosquitoes

Question 6

A person who is exposed to a disease and is subsequently injected with antibodies produced by others has been given

A)active immunity.
B)passive immunity.
C)innate immunity.
D)natural immunity.

Question 7

The body's first line of defense against the invasion of organisms is

A)the skin.
B)cilia.
C)white blood cells.
D)fever.

Question 8

Meningitis is an infection of the

A)membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
B)bone marrow and lymphatic tissue.
C)alveoli in the lungs.
D)lining of the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 9

One of the best ways to break the chain of infection is to

A)wash your hands frequently.
B)avoid disinfectant agents when cleaning your house.
C)get boosters for immunizations 6 months early.
D)drink only fluoridated water.

Question 10

Antibodies have complementary surface markers that work with ______ like a lock and key.

A)histamines
B)antigens
C)T cells
D)cytokines

Question 11

Lynette has begun feeling feverish and has a sore throat.Which phase of the immune response is she experiencing?

A)incubation
B)prodromal
C)systemic
D)recovery

Question 12

White blood cells are produced in the

A)brain.
B)bone marrow.
C)heart.
D)gastrointestinal tract.

Question 13

White blood cells that directly destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells are ______ cells.

A)helper T
B)suppressor T
C)natural killer
D)dendritic

Question 14

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies are called ______ cells.

A)helper T
B)B
C)killer T
D)suppressor T

Question 15

During which type of immune system response does the body's defense system remember previous infections?

A)acquired immunity
B)imagined immunity
C)natural immunity
D)adaptive immunity

Question 16

Cell-mediated immune response

A)is a function of killer T cells.
B)is a function of B cells.
C)stimulates the production of antibodies.
D)uses antibodies to recruit macrophages to help clean up.

Question 17

Swollen lymph nodes are an indication of

A)anemiA.
B)poor diet.
C)hemophilia.
D)infection.

Question 18

Streptococcus and staphylococcus are examples of

A)fungi.
B)bacteria.
C)viruses.
D)parasites.

Question 19

A type of white blood cell that engulfs foreign organisms is a(n)

A)antigen.
B)platelet.
C)vector cell.
D)dendritic cell.

Question 20

The substance that increases the inflammatory response and the secretion of mucus following exposure to an allergen is

A)immunoglobulin E.
B)histamine.
C)interferon.
D)anaphylaxis.

Question 21

Transmission of HIV occurs through which of the following?

A)using the same toilet as someone with HIV
B)sharing eating utensils with someone with HIV
C)unprotected sexual intercourse with someone with HIV
D)all of these

Question 22

The riskiest sexual activity for contracting HIV is

A)receiving fellatio.
B)being the receptive partner during unprotected vaginal intercourse.
C)being the receptive partner during unprotected anal intercourse.
D)receiving cunnilingus.

Question 23

Which one of the following statements about the global spread of HIV/AIDS is FALSE?

A)The vast majority of infections occur in developing countries.
B)HIV disproportionately affects the poor and ethnic minorities.
C)Asia and Africa have approximately the same number of people living with HIV.
D)Political,economic,and social barriers contribute to the ongoing spread of HIV infection.

Question 24

Whooping cough is a respiratory illness cause by the bacterium

A)Escherichia coli.
B)staphylococcus.
C)Bordetella pertussis.
D)streptococcus.

Question 25

Generally,antibiotics are useful against

A)influenzA.
B)colds.
C)bacteria.
D)viruses.

Question 26

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A)is a member of the herpes virus family.
B)disables the immune function of CD4 T cells.
C)attacks B cells.
D)has been a source of human infection for more than 200 years.

Question 27

The fungus that causes yeast infections is called

A)Histoplasma capsulatum.
B)Candida albicans.
C)Coccidioides immitis.
D)dermatophyte fungus.

Question 28

A vaccine is available to prevent infection by

A)influenzA.
B)rhinovirus.
C)Epstein-Barr.
D)hepatitis C.

Question 29

Lyme disease can cause all of the following EXCEPT

A)a red rash.
B)arthritis.
C)ulcers.
D)impaired coordination.

Question 30

Hepatitis B is transmitted mainly by

A)casual contact.
B)contaminated food.
C)organ donation.
D)sexual contact.

Question 31

Which of the following statements about tuberculosis is NOT true?

A)It usually affects the digestive tract.
B)It responds to a long course of antibiotic treatment.
C)Most people infected with tuberculosis have latent infections.
D)It is typically transmitted via the respiratory route.

Question 32

Which of the following infections is transmitted by a mosquito bite?

A)E.coli O157:H7
B)West Nile virus
C)Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
D)hantavirus

Question 33

Worldwide,the most common route of HIV infection is

A)injecting drug use.
B)men having sex with men.
C)heterosexual contact.
D)receipt of blood transfusions.

Question 34

An example of an autoimmune disease is

A)rheumatoid arthritis.
B)HIV.
C)West Nile virus.
D)allergies.

Question 35

Colds are almost always transmitted by

A)airborne respiratory droplets.
B)hand-to-hand contact.
C)coughing.
D)sharing food or drink.

Question 36

Johnny has a red,sore throat with white patches on the tonsils,swollen lymph nodes,fever,and a headache.Which of the following bacteria caused Johnny's symptoms?

A)staphylococcus
B)streptococcus
C)mycobacterium
D)Escherichia coli

Question 37

The largest organisms that can enter the body to cause infection are

A)bacteriA.
B)parasitic worms.
C)viruses.
D)protozoa.

Question 38

Which of the following illnesses is caused by protozoa?

A)hepatitis.
B)meningitis.
C)histoplasmosis.
D)malaria.

Question 39

Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes associated with hepatitis is called

A)hemorrhage.
B)toxic shock.
C)jaundice.
D)impetigo.

Question 40

Autoimmune diseases occur when

A)bacteria severely damage the immune system.
B)cancer creates an imbalance in the immune system.
C)the body erroneously recognizes its own cells as foreign.
D)a virus such as HIV destroys the immune system.

Question 41

Gonorrhea is best described as a sexually transmitted infection

A)that produces a painful rash.
B)characterized by the appearance of dry,rough growths on the genital area.
C)caused by a bacterium that usually affects mucous membranes.
D)that has recurrent outbreaks of blister like sores.

Question 42

Studies have found that women who frequently used _______________ for contraception were at greater risk for HIV transmission.

A)spermicides with nonoxynol-9
B)condoms
C)a cervical cap
D)a diaphragm

Question 43

Which of the following is linked to the development of cervical cancer?

A)syphilis
B)trichomoniasis
C)human papillomavirus
D)pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 44

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)is a common complication of

A)syphilis and herpes.
B)herpes and gonorrhea.
C)genital HPV infection and chlamydia.
D)gonorrhea and chlamydia.

Question 45

Which of the following drugs would be given to an infected person and his or her partner after chlamydia is diagnosed?

A)antifungals
B)antibiotics
C)antivirals
D)antihistamines

Question 46

In the United States,the opportunistic infection most often seen in people with HIV infection is

A)Kaposi's sarcomA.
B)Pneumocystis pneumonia.
C)tuberculosis.
D)mycobacterium avium complex.

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of chlamydia?

A)generalized rash
B)painful urination for males and females
C)discharge from the penis or vagina
D)lower abdominal pain in females

Question 48

Drugs frequently used to treat opportunistic infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis are

A)protease inhibitors.
B)antiviral agents.
C)antibiotics.
D)nucleoside analogs.

Question 49

The main classes of antiviral drugs developed for HIV infection include all of the following EXCEPT

A)entry inhibitors.
B)transcriptase inhibitors.
C)integrase inhibitors.
D)protease inhibitors.

Question 50

Which of the following statements about the use of the HPV vaccine is TRUE?

A)It causes serious side effects.
B)The CDC recommends the vaccine for girls between the ages of 11 and 12.
C)It does not prevent most of the strains of HPV that cause cervical cancer.
D)It is expensive.

Question 51

In people with HIV infection,the amount of virus in the body can be measured with a(n)

A)ELISA test.
B)Western blot test.
C)rapid HIV test.
D)HIV RNA assay.

Question 52

The status of the immune system in someone with HIV infection can be monitored by checking

A)total lymphocyte counts.
B)antibody levels.
C)therapeutic drug levels.
D)CD4 T-cell counts.

Question 53

The family of viruses that causes genital warts is

A)coronavirus.
B)norovirus.
C)human papillomavirus.
D)herpes simplex virus.

Question 54

Infants with chlamydia infection

A)acquire the infection through contact with the bacterium in the birth canal during delivery.
B)are born with congenital deformities.
C)acquire the infection during the second trimester of pregnancy.
D)are at risk for brain damage.

Question 55

Which of the following statements about pelvic inflammatory disease is FALSE?

A)It can cause chronic pain.
B)It is the leading cause of infertility in young women.
C)It always has unmistakable early symptoms.
D)An infected woman's partners should also be treateD.

Question 56

Which one of the following statements about gonorrhea is TRUE?

A)Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium that can survive for hours on toilet seats.
B)There is no effective treatment for gonorrhea.
C)Gonorrhea is the most prevalent viral STI.
D)Most women with gonorrhea have no symptoms.

Question 57

Which of the following statements about the transmission of HIV is FALSE?

A)During vaginal intercourse,female-to-male transmission is more likely than male-to-female transmission.
B)The presence of blisters or sores in the genital area increases the risk of HIV transmission.
C)HIV can be transmitted from needles used to inject drugs in more than one user.
D)The risk of transfusion-related HIV transmission has decreased dramatically because of testing of the blood supply.

Question 58

Signs and symptoms of HIV infection include all of the following EXCEPT

A)swollen lymph nodes.
B)weight gain.
C)fever,chills,or night sweats.
D)immobilizing fatigue.

Question 59

An infection that progresses from the vagina and cervix to infect the pelvic cavity and fallopian tubes is called

A)an urinary tract infection.
B)an ascending pelvic inflammation.
C)endometriosis.
D)pelvic inflammatory disease.

Question 60

The initial screening test for HIV antibodies is the

A)ELISA test.
B)CD4 lymphocyte count.
C)Western blot.
D)HIV-1 antigen test.

Question 61

A severe worldwide outbreak of a disease is called an epidemic.

Question 62

The most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age is

A)trichomoniasis.
B)bacterial vaginosis.
C)gonorrhea.
D)chlamydia.

Question 63

Histamine production may cause congestion and sneezing.

Question 64

If an individual has active organisms multiplying in his or her body,he or she may be contagious before experiencing any symptoms.

Question 65

Pathogens can enter the body through penetration of the skin,by inhalation,or by ingestion.

Question 66

Characteristics of primary syphilis include

A)painful lesions throughout the genital areA.
B)a lesion at the site where the organism entered the body.
C)hair loss.
D)all of these.

Question 67

Dementia,cardiovascular damage,blindness,and death are possible complications of

A)primary syphilis.
B)pelvic inflammatory disease.
C)chlamydia.
D)tertiary syphilis.

Question 68

Anaphylaxis is a minor side effect of allergies.

Question 69

People who have anal sex should be vaccinated for

A)hepatitis A.
B)HPV.
C)HIV.
D)public lice.

Question 70

A highly contagious parasitic STI is

A)Candida albicans.
B)pubic lice.
C)Trichomoniasis.
D)condyloma.

Question 71

Typical symptoms of trichomoniasis in women include

A)lesions around the vaginA.
B)fever and chills.
C)decreased appetite,nausea,and vomiting.
D)greenish,foul-smelling vaginal discharge.

Question 72

Viral meningitis is more dangerous than bacterial meningitis.

Question 73

The drug of choice in treating trichomoniasis is

A)Flagyl.
B)podophyllin.
C)tetracycline.
D)penicillin.

Question 74

A vaccine is available for a common cause of pneumonia.

Question 75

Treatments for genital HPV infection (warts)include all of the following EXCEPT

A)cryosurgery.
B)electrocautery.
C)antibiotics.
D)laser surgery.

Question 76

Antibodies are produced by macrophages.

Question 77

Pertussis is another name for tetanus.

Question 78

Common allergens include dust mites,mold,mildew,and insect stings.

Question 79

Herpes is considered a serious STI for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)its high fatality rate.
B)its high incidence rate.
C)its serious impact on newborns.
D)the lack of a cure for the disease.

Question 80

The hepatitis B virus can be transmitted via all of the following EXCEPT

A)toilet seats.
B)toothbrushes.
C)eating utensils.
D)razor blades.