Deck 8: Pregnancy and Childbirth

Question 1

If an egg is not fertilized,it will last about

A)12 hours.
B)24 hours.
C)32 hours.
D)48 hours.

Answer 1

24 hours.

Question 2

The egg that is created from the fertilization of an ovum with a sperm is called a(n)

A)embryo.
B)zygote.
C)blastocyst.
D)fetus.

Answer 2

zygote.

Question 3

People from which of the following ethnic groups have a heightened risk of developing hemochromatosis (iron overload)?

A)African
B)Asian
C)Irish
D)Moroccan

Answer 3

Irish

Question 4

The basic units of heredity that provide the blueprint for functional and health characteristics of an individual are

A)chromosomes.
B)trophoblasts.
C)gametes.
D)genes.

Question 5

Male infertility is the root cause of what percentage of all infertile couples?

A)11 percent
B)26 percent
C)38 percent
D)50 percent

Question 6

The most common individual cause of female infertility is

A)hyperthermia from hot tub use.
B)thyroid disease.
C)failure to ovulate.
D)endometriosis.

Question 7

Which of the following age groups of women has a higher incidence of problems that can affect the health of both mother and baby?

A)20-25 years old
B)teenagers
C)25-30 years old
D)30-35 years old

Question 8

For which of the following conditions are African Americans at greater than average risk?

A)sickle-cell disease
B)Tay-Sachs disease
C)hemochromatosis
D)all of these

Question 9

An egg or a sperm has _________ chromosomes.

A)18
B)23
C)32
D)46

Question 10

Which ethnic group is known to be at risk of developing Tay-Sachs disease?

A)Russians
B)Eastern European Jews
C)Italians
D)West Africans

Question 11

Which of the following should be assessed during preconception care?

A)family history of genetic disorders
B)problems with prior pregnancies
C)nutrition and diet
D)all of these

Question 12

Pelvic inflammatory disease is most often the result of

A)age.
B)urinary tract infections.
C)sexually transmitted infections.
D)scarring from abdominal surgery.

Question 13

Conception normally occurs in the

A)ovary.
B)uterus.
C)vagina.
D)fallopian tube.

Question 14

Alice delivered a set of fraternal twins.Which of the following statements about them is TRUE?

A)They will be exactly alike in terms of their genetic code.
B)They came from an ovum that was fertilized by two sperm.
C)They resulted from two ova,each fertilized by a separate sperm.
D)They came from two ova fertilized by a single sperm.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a primary reason for male infertility?

A)age
B)infection
C)testicular disease
D)disorder of sperm transport

Question 16

_______________ is a condition in which the uterine lining grows outside of the uterus.

A)Pelvic inflammatory disease
B)Endometriosis
C)Infertility
D)Ectopic pregnancy

Question 17

Identical twins

A)share the same genetic material.
B)are no more alike than other siblings.
C)result from one ovum fertilized by two separate sperm.
D)result from two eggs fertilized by two separate sperm.

Question 18

Kelley's infertility is caused by blocked fallopian tubes.She has no history of pelvic infections or sexually transmitted infections.What is the most likely cause of the blockage?

A)scarring from abnormal hormone levels
B)endometriosis
C)a congenital defect in the oviduct
D)a tumor

Question 19

________________ is a complex process that begins with the joining of the nucleus of an egg with the nucleus of a sperm.

A)Conception
B)In vitro
C)Genetic coding
D)Insemination

Question 20

The organ in which the blastocyst embeds itself is the

A)uterus.
B)cervix.
C)vagina.
D)oviduct.

Question 21

Cell differentiation and subsequent fetal development are directed by

A)genetic instructions.
B)the in vitro process.
C)alpha-fetoprotein codes.
D)chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 22

The cluster of cells that implants in the uterus and lays the foundation for the development of the placenta and the eventual development of the fetus is the

A)ovum.
B)zygote.
C)germ cell.
D)blastocyst.

Question 23

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the placenta?

A)The placenta connects the mother's and the baby's blood supplies.
B)The placenta makes a two-way exchange of nutrients and waste materials between the mother and the fetus.
C)The placenta is a barrier that protects the developing baby from all harmful substances.
D)The placenta's only function is to carry nutrients and oxygen to the developing baby.

Question 24

A common treatment approach for infertility resulting from a low sperm count is

A)using a gestational carrier.
B)artificial (intrauterine)insemination.
C)infrequent intercourse to build up sperm stores.
D)erectile dysfunction drugs.

Question 25

Ultrasonography is LEAST useful in determining

A)genetic disorders.
B)structural abnormalities.
C)gestational age.
D)position of the fetus.

Question 26

Hegar's sign is

A)a bluish discoloration of the cervix.
B)the softening of the uterus near the cervix.
C)a home pregnancy test.
D)the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 27

Four weeks after a woman misses her menstrual period,she would be considered to be about _______________ weeks pregnant.

A)four
B)six
C)eight
D)ten

Question 28

The major body structures and organ systems form during

A)the first trimester.
B)the second trimester.
C)the third trimester.
D)the entire course of the pregnancy.

Question 29

The greatest degree of physical stress associated with pregnancy occurs

A)during the first trimester.
B)during the second trimester.
C)during the third trimester.
D)at different times depending on the age of the mother.

Question 30

The outer shell of the cluster of cells that embeds in the uterus becomes the

A)placenta,umbilical cord,and amniotic sac.
B)embryo.
C)heart,brain,and spinal cord.
D)genitals.

Question 31

The hormone found only in pregnant women that,when detected,confirms pregnancy is

A)estrogen.
B)unconjugated estriol.
C)prostaglandin.
D)human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT an early sign of pregnancy?

A)nausea
B)fatigue
C)decreased urination
D)breast tenderness

Question 33

Braxton Hicks contractions and lightening occur during

A)the first trimester.
B)the second trimester.
C)the third trimester.
D)labor.

Question 34

The earliest point in pregnancy in which a fetus is likely to be able to survive outside of the uterus is the

A)end of the third trimester.
B)end of the second trimester.
C)beginning of the second trimester.
D)middle of the third trimester.

Question 35

The blastocyst becomes an embryo by about _______________ days after fertilization.

A)2
B)7
C)14
D)42

Question 36

What is the average weight gain during a healthy pregnancy?

A)12.5 pounds
B)19.5 pounds
C)27.5 pounds
D)31.5 pounds

Question 37

Which of the following statements best describes what begins to occur around the end of the second month of prenatal development?

A)The major body structures are formed.
B)The cells are being differentiated into specific body parts.
C)The major body structures undergo growth and refinement.
D)The fetus is most at risk for developing birth defects.

Question 38

The stage of development between implantation through about the eighth week after conception is known as a(n)

A)zygote.
B)embryo.
C)fetus.
D)neonate.

Question 39

The process of fertilizing an ovum outside of the body in a laboratory dish is called

A)artificial (intrauterine)insemination.
B)in vitro fertilization.
C)laparoscopic fertilization.
D)gestational carrier.

Question 40

The settling of the fetus deeper into the pelvic cavity

A)occurs at the end of the first trimester.
B)is known as lightening.
C)is known as quickening.
D)indicates delivery within 24 hours.

Question 41

Infants of women who smoke have an increased risk of

A)measles.
B)neural tube defects.
C)pneumonia.
D)stomach cancer.

Question 42

Bonnie's pregnancy has been confirmed with a home pregnancy test.Bonnie should

A)establish a relationship with a health care provider so that she can receive the appropriate prenatal care.
B)be patient and retest in two weeks because of the high incidence of false positive results with home pregnancy tests.
C)spend the next few weeks researching obstetricians so she makes the correct decision.
D)join a medically supervised weight-loss program to make sure she does not gain too much pregnancy weight.

Question 43

A young woman has a history of herpes.She is actively shedding virus during labor.Which of the following interventions will reduce the risk of herpes infection in the baby?

A)delivery by cesarean section
B)treatment with acyclovir during labor
C)application of antibiotic ointment to the baby's eyes after delivery
D)treatment of the lesion with an antiviral topical ointment

Question 44

_______________ exercises are recommended for pregnant women to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.

A)Kegel
B)Isotonic
C)Aerobic
D)Kinetic

Question 45

To decrease the risk of neural tube defects,women who are capable of becoming pregnant are urged to consume at least 400 micrograms daily of

A)folic acid.
B)vitamin C.
C)calcium.
D)iron.

Question 46

Pregnant women with HIV infections

A)are not likely to transmit the virus to the fetus.
B)can reduce the risk of transmission to the baby by taking antiviral drugs.
C)need not be tested during pregnancy because the fetus will already be infected.
D)will not infect the fetus if the delivery is by cesarean section.

Question 47

Unusual facial features,a small head,and heart defects are characteristic of babies born to mothers who used

A)high doses of caffeine during pregnancy.
B)antidepressants during pregnancy.
C)tobacco during pregnancy.
D)alcohol during pregnancy.

Question 48

Women who become pregnant over the age of 35 have an increased risk of having babies with

A)Down syndrome.
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)Tay-Sachs syndrome.
D)spina bifida.

Question 49

Which of the following statements about low birth weight (LBW)is TRUE?

A)Good prenatal care is the best strategy for preventing LBW.
B)LBW is another term for prematurity.
C)Among LBW babies,small-for-date babies have as many health-related problems as premature babies.
D)LBW babies are likely to overeat as infants.

Question 50

Teratogen is the term that refers to any

A)abnormality of the fetus.
B)defect in the placenta.
C)nutrient required for normal development.
D)agent or influence that can cause birth defects.

Question 51

Which of following sexually transmitted infections is a major cause of neonatal blindness?

A)syphilis
B)hepatitis B
C)HIV
D)gonorrhea

Question 52

What does the QMS measure?

A)fetal hormones
B)gestational growth
C)fetal reflexes
D)blood gases of the fetus

Question 53

When a fertilized ovum becomes implanted at a site other than the uterus,the resulting condition is known as a(n)_______________ pregnancy.

A)ectopic
B)aborted
C)gestational
D)peritoneal

Question 54

Spontaneous abortions are most commonly caused by

A)chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus.
B)poor nutritional status of pregnant women.
C)the use of cigarettes by pregnant women.
D)the use of alcohol by pregnant women.

Question 55

An amniocentesis

A)cannot be performed during the second trimester.
B)is done primarily to collect genetic information.
C)cannot determine sex identification.
D)carries a very high risk for complications.

Question 56

Which one of the following is the most common recommendation regarding exercise during pregnancy for a woman who was physically active before the pregnancy?

A)Stop all exercises except for water sports like swimming.
B)Continue a moderate exercise program.
C)Stop exercising.
D)Increase the intensity of exercise.

Question 57

What do researchers interested in fetal programming theory study?

A)how chromosomal abnormalities may respond to better maternal diets
B)how conditions of the womb may affect adult diseases
C)how infectious agents can affect the chances of infertility
D)how the conditions of childbirth may affect early childhood development

Question 58

The quadruple marker screen (QMS)is used to detect

A)fetal anomalies.
B)gender.
C)gestational age.
D)fetal position.

Question 59

Stress during pregnancy can lead to increased maternal levels of _______________,which may affect the infant's system for regulating blood pressure.

A)progesterone
B)estrogen
C)testosterone
D)cortisol

Question 60

The most common cause of life-threatening infections in newborns is

A)human immunodeficiency virus.
B)hepatitis B.
C)syphilis.
D)group B streptococcus.

Question 61

Because of Amy's and Keith's concerns about genetic illnesses,they should make plans to have

A)a sonogram at about 16 weeks' gestation.
B)a quadruple marker screening prior to 12 weeks' gestation.
C)chorionic villi sampling at about 10 weeks' gestation.
D)an amniocentesis at about 10 weeks' gestation.

Question 62

Fertility drugs can help a woman ovulate.

Question 63

An expectant mother's nutritional status is an important factor in the health of the fetus.

Question 64

The second stage of labor is characterized by

A)slow cervical dilation.
B)the delivery of the baby.
C)expulsion of the plug blocking the cervix.
D)the delivery of the placenta.

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT a usual characteristic of postpartum "baby blues"?

A)sleep disturbances
B)periods of sadness and/or weeping
C)feelings of anxiety
D)prolonged despondency

Question 66

Since 1970,the average age of first-time mothers in the United States has decreased.

Question 67

What action can Amy or Keith take to increase their chances of conceiving?

A)Amy should douche with an alkaline solution prior to intercourse.
B)Keith should quit smoking.
C)Keith should seek to increase the warmth of the testicles.
D)Amy and Keith should take vitamin E supplements.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a benefit associated with breastfeeding?

A)Breastfeeding contributes to postpregnancy weight loss.
B)Breastfeeding can enhance the emotional attachment between mother and infant.
C)Breastfeeding is a reliable form of birth control as long as breastfeeding continues.
D)Breast milk is more suited to the nutritional needs of the infant and more easily digested when compared to formula.

Question 69

Freezing embryos is common in assisted reproduction technology because multiple eggs are usually harvested and fertilized during IVF.

Question 70

After another four months,Amy learns that she is six weeks pregnant.During her first prenatal visit,Amy can expect all of the following EXCEPT

A)encouragement to maintain her exercise regime.
B)instructions to avoid alcohol,tobacco,and other drugs.
C)to undergo a blood test.
D)the ability to hear the baby's heartbeat.

Question 71

Amy is at the end of her ninth month of pregnancy.The fetus has settled head down into Amy's pelvic bones,and she has experienced Braxton Hicks contractions.What will indicate the start of the birth process?

A)The amniotic sac will rupture.
B)The baby's head will move into the birth canal.
C)Amy's cervix will be fully dilated.
D)Amy will feel strong,rhythmic uterine contractions.

Question 72

Which of the following statements about postpartum depression is TRUE?

A)It will go away in a few days without help.
B)It prevents the new mother from participating normally in her life.
C)There is little that the mother's support system can do to help.
D)It is caused mostly by the mother's negative attitudes.

Question 73

To reduce the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS),parents should

A)put babies to sleep on fluffy bedding.
B)put babies to sleep on their backs.
C)keep the baby's room warmer than the rest of the house.
D)give the baby a plush toy to reduce nighttime stress.

Question 74

A gestational carrier is a fertile woman who agrees to carry a fetus for an infertile couple.

Question 75

The first stage of labor is characterized by

A)delivery of the placenta.
B)crowning.
C)dilation of the cervix.
D)lightening.

Question 76

The most common cause of infertility in women is endometriosis.

Question 77

Having mumps in early childhood can result in male sterility.

Question 78

A human ovum and sperm each contains 23 single chromosomes.

Question 79

The risk for infertility in women increases with age.

Question 80

The third stage of labor is characterized by

A)the most intense uterine contractions.
B)movement of the baby's head into the birth canal.
C)rupture of the amniotic sac.
D)delivery of the placenta.