Deck 3: Psychological Health

Question 1

The conflict of Erikson's first stage of development is between

A)trust and mistrust.
B)freedom and responsibility.
C)inner-directed and outer-directed behavior.
D)autonomy and shame/self-doubt.

Answer 1

trust and mistrust.

Question 2

Our early identity models are most likely to be

A)parents.
B)celebrities.
C)friends.
D)teachers.

Answer 2

parents.

Question 3

Stability,as it relates to self-esteem,is best described as

A)a complete absence of mixed messages about oneself from others.
B)an integration of the self and freedom from contradiction.
C)an unwavering positive self-image.
D)a necessary component for the establishment of a sense of love and belonging.

Answer 3

an integration of the self and freedom from contradiction.

Question 4

Which statement about the development of self-esteem is FALSE?

A)It is heavily influenced by early family life.
B)An integrated self-concept is an important component of high self-esteem.
C)Rejected children may fail to develop feelings of self-worth.
D)Children knowingly adopt the characteristics of their parents.

Question 5

According to Maslow,basic human needs are ranked in the following order from most urgent to least urgent:

A)physiological needs,safety,being loved,maintaining self-esteem,self-actualization
B)safety,physiological needs,being loved,maintaining self-esteem,self-actualization
C)safety,physiological needs,maintaining self-esteem,self-actualization
D)self-actualization,physiological needs,safety,maintaining self-esteem,being loved

Question 6

A 10-year-old girl learning about her capabilities in the classroom and on the playground would be in Erikson's stage of

A)industry vs.inferiority.
B)identity vs.role confusion.
C)initiative vs.guilt.
D)integrity vs.despair.

Question 7

People with established identities tend to do all of the following EXCEPT

A)form intimate,lasting relationships.
B)remain isolated.
C)share open communication.
D)love and be loved.

Question 8

Maggie,a junior in college,is changing her major for the fourth time.She expresses frustration about her attempt to choose a course of study that reflects her character and interests rather than her family's expectations.Erikson would most likely say that Maggie is

A)experiencing an identity crisis.
B)subconsciously rebelling against her parents.
C)afraid of making a commitment.
D)feeling overwhelmed by too many career options.

Question 9

Which of the following is a component of treatment in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT),one of the newer therapy options for those suffering from psychological disorders?

A)medication
B)mindfulness
C)exposure to phobia
D)distress tolerance

Question 10

Which of the following statements accurately describes self-actualized people?

A)They are largely able to accept themselves and others.
B)They act out of dependence on their social environment.
C)They do not trust their own senses and feelings.
D)They are autocratic in their decision-making.

Question 11

People who are "real" and not afraid to be themselves can be described as

A)authentic.
B)creative.
C)intimate.
D)distressed.

Question 12

The ability to share feelings without fear of rejection is most closely associated with

A)acceptance.
B)autonomy.
C)intimacy.
D)creativity.

Question 13

People with the quality of acceptance usually

A)have a positive but realistic perception of themselves.
B)have a higher opinion of themselves than is healthy.
C)feel good about themselves but rarely live up to their self-image.
D)are intolerant of their own imperfections.

Question 14

Maslow would NOT have described a self-actualized person as

A)knowing the difference between what is and what one wants.
B)willing to accept evidence that contradicts what one wants to believe.
C)focused on the way things should be instead of the way they are.
D)continually looking at the world with renewed appreciation.

Question 15

Which of the following qualities characterizes self-actualization?

A)passivity
B)isolation from others
C)good physical health
D)realism

Question 16

The stages of Erik Erikson's model of psychological development are experienced

A)selectively.
B)sequentially.
C)randomly.
D)simultaneously.

Question 17

Which of the following statements describes people who are autonomous?

A)They do not express their feelings because of fear of disapproval.
B)They respond only to what they feel as outside pressure.
C)They act because they feel driven by forces in their social environment.
D)They are physically,socially,emotionally,and intellectually independent.

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding psychological health is TRUE?

A)Psychological health is independent of social health.
B)A person is considered psychologically healthy if they lack symptoms of mental illness.
C)Most people do not possess optimal psychological health and suffer from some form of mental illness.
D)Psychological health can be defined as either the absence of sickness or the presence of wellness.

Question 19

The ability to look at the world with appreciation and curiosity is most closely associated with

A)self-esteem.
B)autonomy.
C)intimacy.
D)creativity.

Question 20

According to Erikson's stages of development,the conflict typical of young adulthood involves

A)industry vs.inferiority.
B)integrity vs.despair.
C)trust vs.mistrust.
D)intimacy vs.isolation.

Question 21

An example of a compulsion is

A)the impulse to hurt a family member.
B)anxiety about contracting HIV infection from a sneeze.
C)uncontrollable worry about an accident.
D)constant and repetitive checking that the alarm is set.

Question 22

Which of the following factors can play a major part in the development of psychological disorders?

A)genetics
B)learning and culture
C)traumatic events
D)all of these

Question 23

Symptoms of panic disorder typically include

A)a sudden drop in blood pressure.
B)a loss of physical equilibrium.
C)feeling apathetic and energetic.
D)a depressed heart rate.

Question 24

Which of the following is a social phobia?

A)fear of specific animals
B)fear of high places
C)fear of seeing blood
D)fear of embarrassment

Question 25

An example of a specific phobia is the fear of

A)dogs.
B)public speaking.
C)interaction.
D)leaving home.

Question 26

A defense mechanism by which unacceptable feelings are transferred from person to another person is

A)repression.
B)projection.
C)rationalization.
D)displacement.

Question 27

Someone who expresses his or her wishes in a forceful but non-hostile manner is

A)aggressive.
B)assertive.
C)passive.
D)overbearing.

Question 28

Individuals with panic disorder

A)often eventually develop generalized anxiety disorder.
B)may function normally in feared situations if someone they trust is with them.
C)usually develop the disorder in their early teenage years.
D)experience only emotional,not physical,symptoms.

Question 29

A condition that causes the sufferer to worry excessively and uncontrollably about future threats is called

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)panic disorder.
D)posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 30

Which of the following statements about fear is FALSE?

A)It is a basic and useful emotion.
B)It is considered to be a problem if it is out of proportion to real danger.
C)Anxiety is a form of fear.
D)It is most useful when it occurs on a daily basis.

Question 31

Elena is ashamed of her sexual feelings,so she pushes them to the back of her mind and refuses to acknowledge them.This is an example of

A)repression.
B)projection.
C)rationalization.
D)displacement.

Question 32

If you are dealing with another person's anger,you should NOT

A)react in a calm manner.
B)attempt to validate the other person.
C)accept the verbal abuse.
D)disengage for the time being.

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of negative self-talk?

A)"I wonder why my boss wants to see me? I guess I'll just have to wait and see."
B)"I'll have to start working on that next paper earlier."
C)"I won the speech contest,but only because none of the other speakers was very good."
D)"Too bad I missed that one problem through carelessness,but overall I did pretty well on this test."

Question 34

An example of an obsession is

A)constant hand washing to cleanse away bacteria.
B)repeating someone's name five times every time you see her.
C)constant worry over contracting syphilis from a handshake.
D)repeatedly checking to see if the stove is turned off.

Question 35

A defense mechanism by which unacceptable inner impulses are attributed to others is

A)displacement.
B)rationalization.
C)projection.
D)repression.

Question 36

Fear of public speaking is a(n)

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)social phobia.
C)specific phobia.
D)type of panic disorder.

Question 37

Which of the following is a helpful strategy to use when you feel explosive anger coming on?

A)Try to reframe what you are thinking at the moment.
B)Replay scenes from similar past conflicts.
C)Permanently avoid the issue/person that is upsetting you.
D)Insist on discussing the problem right then and there.

Question 38

Irrational,repetitive,hard-to-resist actions are called

A)delusions.
B)phobias.
C)obsessions.
D)compulsions.

Question 39

A person who focuses on the negative and expects failure is called a(n)

A)optimist.
B)realist.
C)masochist.
D)pessimist.

Question 40

A technique that may aid in fighting demoralization is

A)assuming the worst.
B)keeping a journal of self-talk.
C)overgeneralizing.
D)using defense mechanisms.

Question 41

Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder include

A)loss of memory.
B)re-experiencing the trauma in dreams.
C)aggressive attempts to relive the trauma.
D)uncontrollable fear of humiliation.

Question 42

The model of human nature that proposes that the mind's activity depends on organic structure and genetics is the _____________ model.

A)biological
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)psychodynamic

Question 43

One neurotransmitter that seems to be important in the treatment of depression is

A)serotonin.
B)acetylcholine.
C)dopamine.
D)leutine.

Question 44

A drug commonly used to prevent mood swings associated with bipolar disorder is

A)thorazine.
B)anxiolotics.
C)amphetamines.
D)lithium.

Question 45

The preferred method of treatment for seasonal affective disorder is

A)psychotherapy.
B)light therapy.
C)drug therapy.
D)electroconvulsive therapy.

Question 46

A delusion is

A)a type of auditory hallucination.
B)a form of disorganized thought.
C)a firmly held,false belief.
D)an obsession with a fantasy.

Question 47

All of the following drug categories are prescribed for treatment of psychological disorders EXCEPT

A)antidepressants.
B)antipsychotics.
C)stimulants.
D)hallucinogens.

Question 48

The model of human nature that emphasizes the effects of ideas on behaviors and feelings is the _______________ model.

A)biological
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)psychodynamic

Question 49

One treatment used for severe depression when other approaches fail is

A)psychoanalysis.
B)drug therapy.
C)electroconvulsive therapy.
D)light therapy.

Question 50

The technique of exposure is used to

A)encourage people to face their fears.
B)discourage people from encountering their fears.
C)provide ways for people to escape feared situations.
D)introduce the patient to similar frightening situations.

Question 51

Which of the following is the best initial treatment for a person with moderate to severe depression?

A)drug therapy exclusively
B)hospitalization
C)psychotherapy exclusively
D)drug therapy and psychotherapy

Question 52

Schizophrenia is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A)disorganized thoughts.
B)inappropriate emotions.
C)extremely high energy levels.
D)auditory hallucinations.

Question 53

Which of the following is a characteristic of depression?

A)loss of pleasure in doing usual activities
B)a grandiose view of oneself
C)obsession with exercise
D)increased and manic social interaction

Question 54

Which of the following is a risk factor that increases the likelihood of suicide?

A)uncontrolled compulsive behaviors
B)suicide of a family member or friend
C)increased social interactions
D)obsession with social causes

Question 55

Which of the following attributes is most consistent with those suffering from mania?

A)lack of appetite
B)decreased sexual activity
C)fear of consequences
D)periods of excess energy

Question 56

Which of the following statements about those who suffer from bipolar disorder is TRUE?

A)Sufferers of bipolar disorder may undergo periods of compulsive behavior with little regard to consequences.
B)Manic episodes of those with bipolar disorder do not impair normal life functions.
C)Those with bipolar disorder are often able to avoid substance abuse because of their own unnatural levels of energy.
D)While often manic,sufferers of bipolar disorder rarely feel irritable or unhappy.

Question 57

The model of human nature that focuses on what people do is the _______________ model.

A)biological
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)psychodynamic

Question 58

Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is TRUE?

A)Medication is not effective in treating it.
B)Schizophrenics can be at risk for suicide.
C)Most schizophrenics have "split personalities."
D)An individual can manage schizophrenia without professional help.

Question 59

Behaviorists analyze behavior in terms of all of the following EXCEPT

A)reinforcement.
B)intervention.
C)stimulus.
D)response.

Question 60

Which of the following is most likely to result in formation of a posttraumatic stress disorder?

A)rape
B)nightmares
C)failure in school
D)an argument

Question 61

The model of human nature that sees behavior as the result of a complex system of wishes and emotions hidden by active defenses is the _______________ model.

A)biological
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)psychodynamic

Question 62

Which one of the following approaches is Roger's therapist LEAST likely to use?

A)telling Roger that there is absolutely nothing to worry about
B)helping Roger accept that he isn't going to experience a financial disaster
C)encouraging Roger to identify his fears and examine them logically
D)suggesting that Roger disclose his fears to Cheryl

Question 63

All of the following are characteristic of the cognitive therapeutic approach EXCEPT

A)showing there is not enough evidence for the idea fueling the anxiety.
B)replacing unrealistic thoughts with realistic ones.
C)questioning the person's negative assumptions by applying logic to each fear.
D)encouraging the patient to indulge their fearful thoughts to reduce their power through immersion.

Question 64

Individuals who do not establish a firm sense of identity may have difficulty establishing intimate relationships.

Question 65

To help reduce social anxiety,

A)realize your nervousness is not as visible as you think.
B)monitor your stress reaction to stay on top of it.
C)avoid self-talk of any kind.
D)consider how your conversation partner evaluates your words and actions.

Question 66

Being able to engage in open communication and risk having hurt feelings is necessary for developing a capacity for intimacy.

Question 67

Cognitive-behavioral therapies have been developed for all of the following EXCEPT

A)panic disorder.
B)schizophrenia.
C)depression.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 68

College students can typically find helpful peer counseling through

A)on-campus counseling centers.
B)the community hospital.
C)online discussion groups.
D)all of these.

Question 69

Which of the following statements about seeking professional psychological help is TRUE?

A)People who are certain they do not need professional health are psychologically healthy.
B)Seeking professional help for personal problems proves that you have a psychological illness.
C)For some,professional help is a choice;for others,it is a necessity.
D)Everyone will need professional help at some point in his or her life.

Question 70

According to Erikson,the final stage of moral development is explaining right and wrong in terms of rules.

Question 71

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs,safety is a more basic need than is being loved.

Question 72

Which of the following statements about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)is accurate?

A)Most ADHD diagnoses are made in adults.
B)ADHD symptoms only rarely interfere with an individual's development.
C)A student whose symptoms only appear at school cannot be diagnosed with ADHD.
D)ADHD can only be cured once a sufferer has reached puberty.

Question 73

One of the characteristics of the self-actualized person is that she or he is self-accepting.

Question 74

It is easier to identify criteria for good psychological health than it is to identify criteria for poor psychological health.

Question 75

According to Erikson,a primary psychological task of adolescence is the development of identity.

Question 76

Roger's symptoms are signs of

A)panic disorder.
B)depression.
C)personality disorder.
D)acute stress disorder.

Question 77

Which of the following mental health professionals is a licensed physician?

A)clinical psychologist
B)psychiatrist
C)social worker
D)counselor

Question 78

Mental health status is based on the presence or absence of symptoms.

Question 79

For some,self-help can be very useful.This approach features

A)ignoring self-defeating actions and ideas.
B)becoming more passive in their everyday lives.
C)raising self-esteem by counteracting negative thoughts.
D)avoiding objects and people that are feared.

Question 80

Psychodynamic therapies are intended to allow the patient to

A)speak freely to develop an understanding of his or her own feelings.
B)safely consume necessary prescription medications.
C)directly change negative thoughts by applying logic to them.
D)examine their thoughts in terms of stimulus and response.