Deck 17: Immunity and Infection

Question 1

One of the best ways to break the chain of infection is to

A)wash your hands frequently.
B)avoid disinfectant agents when cleaning your house.
C)get boosters for immunizations 6 months early.
D)drink only fluoridated water.

Answer 1

wash your hands frequently.

Question 2

An infection spread throughout the body by blood or the lymphatic system is called

A)transmitted.
B)lymphatic.
C)localized.
D)systemic.

Answer 2

systemic.

Question 3

White blood cells that directly destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells are _______________ cells.

A)helper T
B)suppressor T
C)natural killer
D)dendritic

Answer 3

natural killer

Question 4

T cells and B cells are the main types of

A)macrophages.
B)antigens.
C)glands.
D)lymphocytes.

Question 5

Macrophages act as

A)scavengers of worn-out cells.
B)healers of damaged cells.
C)vectors of pathogens.
D)destroyers of infected and cancerous cells.

Question 6

Tears,saliva,and vaginal secretions are rich in _______________ and other proteins that break down and destroy many microorganisms.

A)histamines
B)enzymes
C)macrophages
D)lymphocytes

Question 7

A marker on the surface of a foreign substance that triggers the immune response is called a(n)

A)antibody.
B)pathogen.
C)antigen.
D)enzyme.

Question 8

Which of the following is a defense mechanism specific to the respiratory tract that can be employed if cilia fail to keep out foreign particles?

A)enzyme secretion
B)coughing
C)histamine production
D)mucus membranes

Question 9

Swollen lymph nodes are an indication of

A)anemia.
B)poor diet.
C)hemophilia.
D)infection.

Question 10

Chemicals responsible for the dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels in the inflammatory response are called

A)histamines.
B)antigens.
C)antibodies.
D)lymphocytes.

Question 11

T and B cells help preserve the memory of certain pathogens in a(n)_______________ immune response.

A)adaptive
B)imagined
C)natural
D)innate

Question 12

Vessels,organs,and structures that pick up excess fluids,then filter out and destroy foreign cells and debris,belong to the _______________ system.

A)digestive
B)antibody
C)lymphatic
D)circulatory

Question 13

A microorganism that causes disease is a(n)

A)antigen.
B)toxin.
C)pathogen.
D)antibody.

Question 14

Hair-like protrusions that sweep foreign substances out of the lungs are called

A)cilia.
B)phagocytic cells.
C)macrophages.
D)enzymes.

Question 15

Special growth stimulants released by helper T cells that stimulate the activation and proliferation of killer T cells and B cells are

A)cytokines.
B)antibodies.
C)antigens.
D)histamines.

Question 16

Antibodies have complementary surface markers that bind to _______________ on foreign microbes.

A)histamines
B)antigens
C)T cells
D)cytokines

Question 17

In which type of immunity response does the body's defense system remember previous infections?

A)adaptive immunity
B)imagined immunity
C)natural immunity
D)maladaptive immunity

Question 18

Which of the following is/are part of the body's first line of defense against the invasion of foreign organisms?

A)the skin
B)cilia
C)white blood cells
D)fever

Question 19

A type of white blood cell that engulfs foreign pathogens and activate lymphocytes is a(n)

A)antigen.
B)platelet.
C)vector cell.
D)dendritic cell.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a vector of disease?

A)contaminated soil
B)rats
C)ticks
D)mosquitoes

Question 21

Vaccines confer _______________ immunity.

A)active
B)partial
C)innate
D)natural

Question 22

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies are called _______________ cells.

A)helper T
B)B
C)killer T
D)suppressor T

Question 23

A disease in which an individual's immune system attacks his or her own body's cells is called a(n)

A)autoimmune disease.
B)acquired immune response.
C)antibody deficiency disease.
D)natural immune disorder.

Question 24

The substance that increases the inflammatory response and the secretion of mucus following exposure to an allergen is

A)immunoglobulin E.
B)histamine.
C)interferon.
D)anaphylaxis.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about the actions of antibodies in the immune response is correct?

A)Antibodies work against bacteria and viruses that reproduce inside body cells.
B)Helper T cells become plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
C)Antibodies activate helper T cells and produce killer T cells.
D)Antibodies bind to antigens and trigger responses to them.

Question 26

Meningitis is an infection of the

A)membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
B)bone marrow and lymphatic tissue.
C)alveoli in the lungs.
D)lining of the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 27

Lymphocytes generated during an initial infection that circulate in the body for years and quickly respond to that infection if it ever appears again are called _______________ cells.

A)killer T and B
B)helper T and B
C)suppressor T and B
D)memory T and B

Question 28

Lymphocytes that stimulate other lymphocytes to increase in number are called _______________ cells.

A)suppressor T
B)B
C)memory
D)helper T

Question 29

For which of the following diseases would one receive a vaccine made from a pathogen that has already been killed?

A)measles
B)mumps
C)rubella
D)influenza

Question 30

Immunization is based on the

A)body's ability to remember an encounter with a specific organism.
B)body's ability to tell a harmful pathogen from a harmless one.
C)introduction of a pathogen into the body to stimulate antigens.
D)introduction of helper T cells into the body.

Question 31

A person who is exposed to a disease and is subsequently injected with antibodies produced by others has been given

A)active immunity.
B)passive immunity.
C)innate immunity.
D)natural immunity.

Question 32

Key components of a typical asthma attack include all of the following EXCEPT

A)secretion of extra mucus.
B)inflammation of the airways.
C)spasms in the muscles surrounding the airways.
D)an anaphylactic reaction.

Question 33

A preparation of killed or weakened microorganisms,parts of microorganisms,or inactivated toxins injected or taken orally to stimulate the body to produce antibodies is called

A)gamma globulin.
B)a vaccine.
C)an antibody.
D)immunoglobulin.

Question 34

When the body responds to a relatively harmless substance as if it were a dangerous pathogen and mounts an immune response,this response is called

A)passive immunity.
B)active immunity.
C)pathogenesis.
D)an allergic reaction.

Question 35

A serum that contains antibodies produced by other human beings or animals and is injected to provide temporary immunity is called

A)plasma.
B)gamma globulin.
C)an antiviral.
D)immunotherapy.

Question 36

The antibody most involved in triggering an allergic reaction is

A)immunoglobulin E.
B)gamma globulin.
C)mast cells.
D)histamine.

Question 37

Cell-mediated immune response

A)is a function of T cells.
B)is a function of B cells.
C)stimulates the production of antibodies.
D)uses antibodies to recruit macrophages to help clean up.

Question 38

Lynette has begun feeling feverish and has a sore throat.Which phase of the immune response is she experiencing?

A)incubation
B)prodromal
C)systemic
D)recovery

Question 39

Lymphocytes that can get rid of cells of the body that have been invaded by foreign organisms are called

A)killer T cells.
B)helper T cells.
C)suppressor T cells.
D)memory B cells.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT considered a common allergen?

A)pollen
B)viruses
C)molds
D)insect stings

Question 41

The yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes associated with hepatitis is called

A)hemorrhage.
B)toxic shock.
C)jaundice.
D)impetigo.

Question 42

Most ulcers are caused by

A)tick-borne rickettsias.
B)Helicobacter pylori infection.
C)overconsumption of spicy food.
D)high levels of stress.

Question 43

Which virus can cause irreversible paralysis and death in some infected individuals?

A)herpes
B)poliomyelitis
C)hepatitis
D)influenza

Question 44

All of the following are childhood viral illnesses that have waned in the United States EXCEPT

A)mumps.
B)measles.
C)influenza.
D)rubella.

Question 45

A common bacterium found on the skin in healthy people but capable of causing infection if it enters the body is

A)streptococcus.
B)staphylococcus.
C)Escherichia coli.
D)spirochete.

Question 46

Influenza is highly contagious and is spread via

A)bacteria in open wounds.
B)respiratory droplets.
C)sharing food or drink.
D)hand-to-hand contact.

Question 47

Which of the following statements about the common cold is true?

A)It may be caused by more than 200 different viruses.
B)It may be caused by exposure to cold weather.
C)It is most prevalent during the spring and summer months.
D)It may be treated with antibiotics.

Question 48

Influenza usually causes all of the following symptoms EXCEPT

A)fever.
B)severe fatigue.
C)chest discomfort.
D)gastrointestinal distress.

Question 49

Common symptoms of Lyme disease include all of the following EXCEPT

A)fetal damage.
B)arthritis.
C)ulcers.
D)impaired coordination.

Question 50

Colds are almost always transmitted by

A)airborne respiratory droplets.
B)hand-to-hand contact.
C)coughing.
D)sharing food or drink.

Question 51

The mildest form of hepatitis is hepatitis _______________.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)EB

Question 52

Generally,antibiotics are useful against

A)influenza.
B)colds.
C)bacteria.
D)viruses.

Question 53

Which of the following statements about tuberculosis is NOT true?

A)It usually affects the digestive tract.
B)Many strains respond to a long course of antibiotic treatment.
C)Most people infected with tuberculosis have latent infections that never go active.
D)It is typically transmitted via the respiratory route.

Question 54

Most contagious diseases are caused by

A)bacteria.
B)viruses.
C)protozoa.
D)allergens.

Question 55

Hepatitis B is transmitted mainly by

A)casual contact.
B)contaminated food.
C)organ donation.
D)sexual contact.

Question 56

Streptococcus and staphylococcus are examples of

A)fungi.
B)bacteria.
C)viruses.
D)parasites.

Question 57

Whooping cough is a respiratory illness cause by the bacterium

A)Escherichia coli.
B)staphylococcus.
C)Bordetella pertussis.
D)streptococcus.

Question 58

A vaccine is available to prevent infection by

A)influenza.
B)rhinovirus.
C)Epstein-Barr.
D)hepatitis C.

Question 59

Johnny has a red,sore throat with white patches on the tonsils,swollen lymph nodes,fever,and a headache.Which of the following bacteria caused Johnny's symptoms?

A)staphylococcus
B)streptococcus
C)mycobacterium
D)Escherichia coli

Question 60

Viral encephalitis causes inflammation of the tissue in the

A)kidney.
B)brain.
C)liver.
D)heart.

Question 61

Common allergens include dust mites,mold,mildew,and insect stings.

Question 62

The largest organisms that can enter the body to cause infection are

A)bacteria.
B)parasitic worms.
C)viruses.
D)protozoa.

Question 63

Autoimmune diseases occur when

A)bacteria severely damage the immune system.
B)cancer creates an imbalance in the immune system.
C)the body erroneously recognizes its own cells as foreign.
D)a virus such as HIV destroys the immune system.

Question 64

A severe worldwide outbreak of a disease is called an epidemic.

Question 65

Antibodies are produced by macrophages.

Question 66

Andrew is most likely suffering from

A)Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
B)Lyme disease.
C)West Nile virus.
D)hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.

Question 67

Single-celled organisms that often cause recurrent diseases are called

A)viruses.
B)parasites.
C)protozoa.
D)bacteria.

Question 68

Examples of autoimmune disease include

A)systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
B)rheumatoid arthritis and HIV.
C)cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus.
D)allergies and HIV.

Question 69

The fungus that causes yeast infections is called

A)Histoplasma capsulatum.
B)Candida albicans.
C)Coccidioides immitis.
D)the dermatophyte fungus.

Question 70

What type of bacteria is a healthy and essential component of human biology but also has numerous strains that can cause diarrhea and disease?

A)Clostridium tetani
B)Clostridium difficile
C)Trypanosomiasis
D)E.coli

Question 71

If an individual has active organisms replicating in his or her body,the individual may be contagious before experiencing any symptoms.

Question 72

Pathogens must invade the body's cells to cause symptoms.

Question 73

Warts on the hands are caused by infection with a type of

A)virus.
B)bacterium.
C)prion.
D)fungus.

Question 74

Protozoa are associated with all of the following illnesses EXCEPT

A)giardiasis.
B)amoebic dysentery.
C)histoplasmosis.
D)malaria.

Question 75

To avoid this illness,Andrew should have

A)camped only in the spring.
B)boiled his water before drinking.
C)tried to avoid contact with ticks.
D)tried to avoid contact with fleas found on mice.

Question 76

The two main types of lymphocytes are T cells and B cells.

Question 77

Which of the following infections is transmitted by a mosquito bite?

A)E.coli
B)West Nile virus
C)Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
D)hantavirus

Question 78

The respiratory tract is protected from pathogens and foreign particles by both mucus membranes and cilia.

Question 79

Killer T cells destroy body cells in order to kill a pathogen inside.

Question 80

Rabies is most often transmitted by

A)animal bites.
B)contaminated food.
C)blood transfusions.
D)hepatitis infection.