Deck 16: Cancer

Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE about cancer death rates?

A)Death rates from cancer for men began to decline in 1991.
B)Death rates from cancer for men continue to increase even today.
C)There has been no change in cancer death rates.
D)Death rates from cancer for women began to decline in 1998.

Answer 1

Death rates from cancer for men began to decline in 1991.

Question 2

Which of the following is the greatest risk factor for the development of lung cancer among nonsmokers?

A)physical inactivity
B)overexposure to sunlight
C)a high-fat diet
D)environmental tobacco smoke

Answer 2

environmental tobacco smoke

Question 3

Which of the following criteria is NOT used to determine the stage that a particular cancer is at?

A)the size of the primary tumor
B)whether the cancer has invaded other lymph nodes
C)the organ where the cancer originated
D)whether metastases are present

Answer 3

the organ where the cancer originated

Question 4

Which one of the following statements about cancer is FALSE?

A)Cancer cells can invade nerves.
B)Cancer is characterized by controlled growth of cells.
C)Cancer may or may not take the form of a tumor.
D)Cancer has the ability to metastasize.

Question 5

One technique that detects lung cancer earlier than X-rays do is

A)MRI.
B)ultrasound.
C)spiral CT scans.
D)blood test.

Question 6

When a patient who has been previously diagnosed with cancer no longer has symptoms or other evidence of that cancer,the patient is said to

A)have metastasis.
B)be in remission.
C)be in an immune state.
D)have a benign tumor.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about leukemia is TRUE?

A)Leukemia produces tumors.
B)Leukemia cells are considered malignant.
C)Leukemia cells do not proliferate.
D)Leukemia is not considered cancer.

Question 8

A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is known as a(n)

A)pediatrician.
B)surgeon.
C)internist.
D)oncologist.

Question 9

When cancer cells enter the lymph or blood system,

A)it becomes easier to stop their spread to other organs.
B)they can form secondary tumors elsewhere.
C)they are known as benign tumors.
D)the probability of a cure increases.

Question 10

A malignant tumor is different from a benign tumor in that a malignant tumor is

A)less of a threat to the patient.
B)capable of invading surrounding structures.
C)dangerous only if it interferes with bodily functions.
D)enclosed in a membrane.

Question 11

The most common cause of cancer death in the United States is

A)breast cancer.
B)colon and rectal cancer.
C)prostate cancer.
D)lung cancer.

Question 12

Which of the following kills more people than cancer does?

A)heart disease
B)injuries
C)HIV/AIDS
D)none of these

Question 13

Smoking is responsible for what percentage of lung cancer deaths?

A)20 percent
B)35 percent
C)65 percent
D)83 percent

Question 14

One type of cancer that seems to be linked to a diet high in red meat is

A)cervical cancer.
B)lymphoma.
C)leukemia.
D)colon cancer.

Question 15

Lung cancer is

A)easily detectable in early stages.
B)considered a sarcoma.
C)difficult to cure at any stage.
D)caused only by cigarette smoking.

Question 16

Which of the following factors contributes to about 30 percent of all cancer deaths?

A)tobacco use
B)radiation
C)family history
D)alcohol use

Question 17

Sarcomas arise from

A)connective and fibrous tissue.
B)epithelial layers.
C)blood-forming cells.
D)lymph nodes.

Question 18

When a malignant tumor spreads to sites distant from the primary tumor,the process is known as

A)hyperplasia.
B)malignancy.
C)metastasis.
D)dysplasia.

Question 19

Lymphoma is cancer of the lymph nodes,part of the body's

A)blood-forming cells.
B)gastrointestinal tract.
C)connective and fibrous tissues.
D)infection-fighting system.

Question 20

Cancers arising from connective and fibrous tissues such as bone,cartilage,or muscle are called

A)carcinomas.
B)sarcomas.
C)lymphomas.
D)leukemias.

Question 21

In some cases,cervical dysplasia develops into

A)cervical cancer.
B)HPV infection.
C)endometrial cancer.
D)chlamydia infection.

Question 22

Prostate cancer is

A)the second leading cause of cancer death in men.
B)associated with Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.
C)influenced by diet and lifestyle.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 23

The infection that puts women at risk for cervical cancer is

A)pneumonia.
B)hepatitis.
C)HPV.
D)strep throat.

Question 24

Daniel has a family history of colon cancer.To lower his personal risk of the disease,he should consider doing all of the following EXCEPT

A)increasing his intake of fruits and vegetables.
B)being physically active.
C)increasing his intake of red meat.
D)using whole grains rather than refined grains.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of melanoma?

A)occurs most commonly on the face
B)appears at the site of a preexisting mole
C)invades surrounding tissue
D)bleeds easily

Question 26

Risk factors for endometrial cancer include all of the following EXCEPT

A)using oral contraceptives.
B)late menopause.
C)obesity.
D)prolonged estrogen exposure.

Question 27

A woman is more likely to develop breast cancer if

A)she had her first child before age 30.
B)her diet is low in fat.
C)her diet is high in vegetables.
D)she is obese.

Question 28

Risk factors for breast cancer include all of the following EXCEPT

A)genetic factors.
B)diet.
C)use of hormonal therapy.
D)early onset of menopause.

Question 29

The most common form of cancer in women is _______________ cancer;the most common cause of cancer death in women is _______________.

A)lung;colon and rectal
B)breast;lung
C)cervical;colon
D)breast;ovarian

Question 30

The most dangerous form of skin cancer is

A)melanoma.
B)squamous cell carcinoma.
C)basal cell carcinoma.
D)dysplasia.

Question 31

Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas

A)spread rapidly.
B)may be pearly nodules or red,scaly patches.
C)are usually painful.
D)are the rarest forms of skin cancer.

Question 32

Ovarian cancers

A)are relatively rare but have a high death rate.
B)are detectable with Pap tests.
C)decrease in incidence with age.
D)are usually found at an early stage.

Question 33

What do obesity and alcohol use have in common that increases breast cancer risk?

A)They increase glucose levels in the blood.
B)They increase estrogen levels in the blood.
C)They raise LDL cholesterol.
D)They slow the rate of cell growth.

Question 34

Cancer of the lining of the uterus is called _______________ cancer.

A)ovarian
B)endometrial
C)myeloma
D)cervical

Question 35

The American Cancer Society recommends beginning annual mammograms to detect breast cancer for women at age

A)35.
B)40.
C)45.
D)50.

Question 36

Scraping cells from the cervix for examination to screen for cancerous changes is called

A)a PSA test.
B)curetting.
C)a Pap test.
D)an endometrial smear.

Question 37

After what age should a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy be a standard regular screening test?

A)20
B)35
C)50
D)65

Question 38

Techniques for early detection of prostate cancer include a digital rectal exam and

A)ultrasound of the bladder and urethra.
B)surgery.
C)a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)blood test.
D)a CAT scan.

Question 39

Steps to prevent skin cancer include all of the following EXCEPT

A)avoiding prolonged exposure to the sun.
B)using tanning salons instead of sunbathing.
C)avoiding sunburns.
D)using sunscreens and protective clothing.

Question 40

The people most at risk for developing skin cancer include all of the following EXCEPT those

A)who use tanning lamps.
B)with naturally dark skin.
C)with a family history of skin cancer.
D)who were severely sunburned as children.

Question 41

Which of the following statements regarding testicle self-examination is FALSE?

A)It is best performed following a bath or shower.
B)It should be done monthly.
C)It should be performed using a gentle rolling motion.
D)It is recommended only if the man is sexually active.

Question 42

All of the following groups are at increased risk of testicular cancer EXCEPT

A)white males.
B)circumcised males.
C)men with undescended testicles.
D)men with a family history of testicular cancer.

Question 43

All of the following are sources of radiation EXCEPT

A)hydrocarbons.
B)medical X-rays.
C)sunlight.
D)radon gas.

Question 44

Naturally occurring substances found in plant foods that help prevent chronic diseases are

A)nitrosamines.
B)anticarcinogens.
C)phytochemicals.
D)free radicals.

Question 45

A diet high in _______________ is linked to increased risk of colon,stomach,and prostate cancers.

A)fat and meat
B)fiber
C)fruits and vegetables
D)nitrosamines

Question 46

Which one of the following best describes leukemia?

A)benign disease of the lymph system
B)cancerous disease of the white blood cells
C)nonmelanoma skin cancer
D)benign disorder of glucose metabolism

Question 47

Weight gain in early adulthood increases a woman's risk for which two forms of cancer in particular?

A)endometrial and breast cancers
B)oral and endometrial cancers
C)breast and liver cancers
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 48

Ultraviolet rays are

A)suppressor agents.
B)oncogenes.
C)cancer initiators.
D)cancer promoters.

Question 49

Carcinogens are best described as

A)substances within the body that can cause mutations.
B)substances that increase the growth rate of cells.
C)environmental mutagens that cause cancer.
D)tumors that invade surrounding tissues.

Question 50

Which of the following is a good source of phytochemicals?

A)lean portion of beef
B)nonfat milk
C)halibut
D)broccoli

Question 51

Which of the following statements is TRUE about brain cancer?

A)Most brain cancers are curable by surgery followed by radiation.
B)The incidence of brain cancer has slightly decreased in the last 20 years.
C)The risk factors for brain cancers are firmly established.
D)The vast majority of brain cancers develop for no apparent reason.

Question 52

One characteristic of a skin lesion that may be a melanoma is a

A)diameter greater than that of a pencil eraser.
B)symmetrical shape.
C)clearly defined,smooth border.
D)solid brown color.

Question 53

A section of a chromosome that controls the production of a particular protein is a

A)gene.
B)chromosome.
C)nucleotide.
D)double helix.

Question 54

Which of the following statements regarding bladder cancer is FALSE?

A)Bladder cancer is four times more common in women than it is in men.
B)Bladder cancer is linked to tobacco use.
C)Risk factors include occupational exposure to chemicals used in the dye,rubber,and leather industries.
D)The first signs of cancer are increased frequency of urination and/or blood in the urine.

Question 55

Estrogen is an example of a

A)carcinogen.
B)mutagen.
C)cancer initiator.
D)cancer promoter.

Question 56

The most common treatment for skin cancer is

A)chemotherapy.
B)radiation therapy.
C)surgical removal.
D)immunotherapy.

Question 57

All of the following statements are TRUE about multiple myeloma,EXCEPT that it

A)is more common in older people.
B)is most common among white women.
C)produces tumors in several sites,particularly in the bone marrow.
D)can lead to anemia,excessive bleeding,and decreased resistance to infection.

Question 58

A test using computerized X ray images to detect tumors is called a(n)

A)MRI scan.
B)CT scan.
C)angiogram.
D)sonogram.

Question 59

Risk factors for oral cancer include

A)cigarette and cigar smoking.
B)excess alcohol consumption.
C)use of spit tobacco.
D)all of these.

Question 60

One potentially dangerous additive found in processed meats is

A)sulforaphane.
B)nitrates.
C)sodium chloride.
D)beta-carotene.

Question 61

Jen should do all of the following before leaving for the hike EXCEPT

A)buy or borrow a broad-brimmed hat.
B)consult the forecast for the UV index to help determine how sunny it will be.
C)visit a tanning salon to get a light tan to protect her skin.
D)pack a full bottle of sunscreen in her backpack.

Question 62

The traveling and seeding of cancer cells from one part of the body to another is called metastasis.

Question 63

All tumors are cancerous.

Question 64

Regular exercise reduces the risk of breast cancer.

Question 65

Jen is wearing sunscreen with an SPF rating of 25.This means

A)Jen can stay in the sun 25 times longer,on average,without burning than if she hadn't applied sunscreen.
B)Jen can stay in the sun for 25 minutes without absorbing damage from ultraviolet radiation.
C)Jen's sunscreen has about one-fourth the UV radiation-blocking power of a sunscreen with a rating of SPF 100.
D)Jen should be wearing clothing with a high UPF rating to make up for the relative weakness of the sunscreen.

Question 66

The majority of women who are diagnosed with breast cancer have a family history of the disease.

Question 67

A diet rich in fruits,vegetables,and whole grains can reduce the risk of colon cancer.

Question 68

The American Cancer Society recommends a yearly mammogram for women with average risk profiles starting at age 45.

Question 69

Folic acid and calcium may provide protection against colon cancer.

Question 70

Late onset of menstruation and early onset of menopause are risk factors for breast cancer.

Question 71

Severe sunburn in childhood is a risk factor for skin cancer in adulthood.

Question 72

Benign tumors never pose a health risk.

Question 73

Breast cancer is linked to alcohol consumption.

Question 74

Jen applies sunscreen to the exposed areas of her skin before she leaves her apartment for the hike;she should apply more sunscreen

A)15 minutes after sun exposure begins.
B)2 hours after sun exposure begins.
C)after climbing a hill and sweating heavily.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 75

A sore that does not heal may be a warning sign of skin cancer.

Question 76

Cervical cancer is usually caused by a viral infection.

Question 77

Patients with lung cancer have a high survival rate.

Question 78

There is a link between human papillomavirus (HPV)infection and ovarian cancer.

Question 79

Age is the strongest predictor of risk for prostate cancer.

Question 80

Melanoma usually appears at the site of a preexisting mole.