Deck 11: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Regarding the structure and synthesis of hormones,

A)Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol
B)Thyroid hormones are catecholamines
C)The hormones of the adrenal cortex have the same structure as the neurotransmitters of adrenergic neurons
D)Most peptide hormones require binding proteins for transport in the blood
E)Vasopressin is synthesized in the posterior pituitary

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A hormone may be

A)Inactivated by its target cell
B)Activated by its target cell
C)Inactivated by nontarget cells
D)Excreted before it has a chance to act on a target cell
E)All of the choices are correct

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following statements is not true of the endocrine system?

A)It is one of two major regulatory systems of the body
B)It is composed of glands that secrete chemical messengers into the blood
C)It is an important regulator of homeostatic mechanisms
D)It influences and is influenced by the nervous system
E)All of the choices are true

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Hormones(,)

A)Are chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the bloodstream
B)In some cases, also function as local regulators and/or neurotransmitters
C)In some cases, contain carbohydrates
D)Both are chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the bloodstream and, in some cases, also function as local regulators and/or neurotransmitters are correct
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 5

In the absence of thyroid hormone,epinephrine stimulates release of a small amount of fatty acids from adipose cells.In the presence of thyroid hormone (which has no effect by itself),epinephrine causes a much more substantial release of fatty acids from the cells.The effect of thyroid hormone on epinephrine's actions is called

A)Antagonistic
B)Agonistic
C)Permissive
D)Direct
E)Paracrine

Question 6

Which of the following statements about hormone activation is true?

A)Prohormones are inactive messengers that must undergo conversion to an active form at their site of production
B)Conversion of T3 to T4 is an example of hormone activation
C)Conversion of testosterone to estradiol is an example of hormone activation
D)Both prohormones are inactive messengers that must undergo conversion to an active form at their site of production and conversion of T3 to T4 is an example of hormone activation are true
E)Both prohormones are inactive messengers that must undergo conversion to an active form at their site of production and conversion of testosterone to estradiol is an example of hormone activation are true

Question 7

The liver participates in endocrine regulation by

A)Producing hormones and hormone-binding proteins
B)Clearing hormones from plasma
C)Secreting an inactive form of a hormone that is activated in the plasma
D)Producing hormones and hormone-binding proteins and clearing hormones from plasma
E)Doing all of these things

Question 8

Peptide hormones are

A)Often derived from larger molecules called prohormones
B)Packaged into secretory vesicles in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cells that synthesize them
C)Secreted in response to a stimulus that causes depletion of cytosolic calcium in the secreting cell
D)Both often derived from larger molecules called prohormones and packaged into secretory vesicles in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cells that synthesize them are correct
E)Both often derived from larger molecules called prohormones and secreted in response to a stimulus that causes depletion of cytosolic calcium in the secreting cell are correct

Question 9

If a patient were given a drug that inhibited the actions of proteolytic enzymes in the blood plasma only (i.e.,not in cells),which of the following is most likely to result?

A)Conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine would be inhibited
B)Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin would be reduced
C)Conversion of testosterone to estradiol would be unaffected
D)Both conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine would be inhibited and conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin would be reduced would result
E)Both conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin would be reduced and conversion of testosterone to estradiol would be unaffected would result

Question 10

Rapidly acting chemical regulators generally

A)Bind to receptor proteins in the nucleus of target cells
B)Are polar
C)Activate plasma-membrane-associated receptors
D)Both bind to receptor proteins in the nucleus of target cells and are polar are correct
E)Both are polar and activate plasma-membrane-associated receptors are correct

Question 11

The main difference between the modes of action of peptide hormones and steroid hormones is that

A)Peptide hormones bind to intracellular receptors whereas steroid hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface
B)Peptide hormones bind to receptors in the nucleus whereas steroid hormones bind to receptors in the cytosol
C)Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface whereas steroid hormones act as second messengers
D)Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface whereas steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors
E)There are no differences; both act by binding to receptors on the cell surface

Question 12

Endocrine regulation

A)Refers to chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the bloodstream
B)Is slower than regulation by neurotransmission
C)Differs from paracrine regulation in that endocrine regulators act on different cell types from those that secreted them, whereas paracrine regulators are secreted by the same cell type on which they act
D)Both refers to chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the bloodstream and is slower than regulation by neurotransmission are correct
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 13

The enzyme in the mitochondria responsible for the modification of cholesterol that is important to the synthesis of steroid hormones is called

A)Cytochrome P450 enzyme
B)Tyrosine hydroxylase
C)Protein kinase
D)Cholesterol esterase
E)Lipase

Question 14

The concentration of a hormone in plasma is determined by

A)Its secretion and clearance rates
B)Whether or not it binds to carriers and/or other plasma proteins
C)The kind of receptor to which it binds
D)Its secretion and clearance rates and whether or not it binds to carriers and/or other plasma proteins
E)Whether or not it binds to carriers and/or other plasma proteins and the kind of receptor to which it binds

Question 15

Cells that secrete steroid hormones

A)Store large amounts of hormone
B)Are characterized by abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum
C)Are characterized by large and numerous mitochodria
D)Both store large amounts of hormone and are characterized by abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum are correct
E)Both are characterized by abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum and are characterized by large and numerous mitochondria are correct

Question 16

Secretion of hormones is controlled by

A)Concentration of mineral ions in the blood
B)Neural input
C)Tropic hormones
D)Concentration of mineral ions in the blood and tropic hormones
E)All of these things

Question 17

An endocrine cell that contains an abundance of granular endoplasmic reticulum,a large Golgi apparatus,and secretion granules is likely to

A)Secrete a peptide/protein hormone
B)Secrete by exocytosis
C)Secrete in an exocrine manner
D)Secrete a peptide/protein hormone and secrete by exocytosis
E)Do all of these things

Question 18

Which of the following statements about hormone synthesis is not correct?

A)Progesterone is a precursor of cortisol
B)Progesterone is a precursor of mineralocorticoid(s) and glucocorticoid(s)
C)Progesterone is a precursor for all steroid hormones
D)Tryptophan is a precursor for thyroid hormones
E)All of these are true statements

Question 19

Receptors for steroid hormones

A)Are proteins in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm
B)Undergo allosteric modulation when they bind to the hormone
C)Regulate gene transcription
D)Both are proteins in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm and regulate gene transcription are correct
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 20

Some hormones are transported in plasma bound to proteins.These proteins function to

A)Maintain a stable high concentration of the hormone in the plasma and reduce its clearance rate from plasma
B)Reduce the binding of the hormone to its receptors in some cases
C)Make the hormone more soluble in aqueous plasma
D)Do all of these things
E)Do none of these things

Question 21

The hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary include

A)Vasopressin
B)Corticotropin
C)Oxytocin
D)Vasopressin and corticotropin
E)Vasopressin and oxytocin

Question 22

The precursor for cortisol is ________,which is made from ________.Cortisol is secreted by ________ when stimulated by ________ from the anterior pituitary.

A)Androstenedione, progesterone, adrenal cortex, CRH
B)Progesterone, cholesterol, adrenal medulla, ACTH
C)Testosterone, cholesterol, adrenal medulla, ACTH
D)Progesterone, cholesterol, adrenal cortex, ACTH
E)Estrogen, cholesterol, adrenal medulla, CRH

Question 23

Which of the following is not a cause of hyporesponsiveness?

A)Low levels of the circulating hormone
B)Abnormal receptors incapable of binding the hormone on the target tissue
C)Defects in the second messenger pathway used by a hormone and its receptor
D)Enzymes required for activation of the prohormone may be absent
E)All of the choices are causes of hyporesponsiveness

Question 24

Which of the following statements about hormone action or control of secretion is correct?

A)Growth hormone is a tropic hormone
B)Inhibition of prolactin release by dopamine is an example of short-loop negative feedback
C)Somatostatin stimulates growth hormone secretion
D)ACTH inhibits cortisol secretion
E)None of the choices are correct

Question 25

The gonadotropic hormones

A)Stimulate hormone secretion by the gonads
B)Are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland of both males and females
C)Are LH and prolactin
D)Both stimulate hormone secretion by the gonads and are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland of both males and females are correct
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 26

Examples of long-loop negative feedback include

A)The stimulation of dopamine release by prolactin
B)Inhibition of GHRH release by GH
C)Inhibition of GHRH release by IGF-I
D)The stimulation of dopamine release by prolactin and inhibition of GHRH release by GH
E)Inhibition of GHRH release by GH and inhibition of GHRH release by IGF-I

Question 27

Hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex could result from

A)Excessively rapid clearance of cortisol from the circulation
B)A tumor of the pituitary gland that secretes excessive amounts of ACTH
C)Inactivation of enzymes that are required to synthesize corticosteroids
D)Excessively rapid clearance of cortisol from the circulation and a tumor of the pituitary gland that secretes excessive amounts of ACTH
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 28

A subject consuming a diet deficient in iodine is likely to have

A)A low plasma concentration of thyroxine due to reduced secretion of TSH by the pituitary gland
B)A low plasma concentration of thyroxine and an enlarged thyroid gland
C)A high plasma concentration of TSH
D)A low plasma concentration of thyroxine due to reduced secretion of TSH by the pituitary gland and a low plasma concentration of thyroxine and an enlarged thyroid gland
E)A low plasma concentration of thyroxine and an enlarged thyroid gland and a high plasma concentration of TSH

Question 29

Long-loop negative feedback differs from short-loop negative feedback by

A)The distance that the chemical regulator must travel to reach its site of action
B)Whether or not autocrine or paracrine signals such as prostaglandins are involved
C)Whether or not the hormonal product of a peripheral target organ (e.g., the gonads or adrenals) is involved
D)All of the choices are correct
E)None of the choices are correct

Question 30

Brain hormones that regulate the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland are called

A)Hypophysiotropic hormones
B)Growth factors
C)Releasing or release-inhibiting hormones
D)Hypophysiotropic hormones and growth factors
E)Hypophysiotropic hormones and releasing or release-inhibiting hormones

Question 31

If the pituitary gland is removed from a human subject,which of the following is likely to occur?

A)The adrenal gland will hypertrophy to increase cortisol production
B)The adrenal gland will atrophy and plasma cortisol levels will be reduced
C)The hypothalamus will secrete less CRH
D)The subject will remain euthyroid
E)None of these things are likely to occur

Question 32

The posterior pituitary

A)Synthesizes oxytocin and vasopressin
B)Is neural tissue
C)Secretes hormones when stimulated by action potentials generated in the hypothalamus
D)Both synthesizes oxytocin and vasopressin and is neural tissue are correct
E)Both is neural tissue and secretes hormones when stimulated by action potentials generated in the hypothalamus are correct

Question 33

What would be the effect of a blood clot that blocked the veins of the hypothalamo-pituitary portal system in the infundibulum between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland?

A)Secretion of ACTH will decrease and the adrenal cortex will atrophy
B)The secretion of gonadotropins will decrease and the gonads will hypertrophy
C)Plasma cortisol concentration will decrease, which will cause a decrease in long-loop negative feedback, and so the secretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland will increase
D)Both secretion of ACTH will decrease and the adrenal cortex will atrophy and the secretion of gonadotropins will decrease and the gonads will hypertrophy would occur
E)Both the secretion of gonadotropins will decrease and the gonads will hypertrophy and plasma cortisol concentration will decrease, which will cause a decrease in long-loop negative feedback, and so the secretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland will increase would occur

Question 34

The median eminence of the hypothalamus is

A)The site of synthesis of ACTH
B)A site of neurohormone release into blood vessels
C)A major link connecting the nervous system and the endocrine system
D)The site of synthesis of ACTH and a site of neurohormone release into blood vessels
E)A site of neurohormone release into blood vessels and a major link connecting the nervous system and the endocrine system

Question 35

If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient,his plasma cortisol levels would ________ and secretion of ________ by the adenohypophysis would ________ because the ________ would secrete ________ amounts of the regulator ________.This last effect would occur because of the loss of ________.

A)Increase; TSH; increase; brain; reduced; ACTH; equilibrium
B)Decrease; ACTH; increase; hypothalamus; increased; CRH; negative feedback
C)Decrease; CRH; remain stable; hypothalamus; reduced; ACTH; negative feedback
D)Decrease; ACTH; increase; hypothalamus; increased; CRH; positive feedback
E)Decrease; ACTH; increase; hypothalamus; increased; CRH; plasma electrolytes in the urine

Question 36

Exposure to stress activates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system as demonstrated by

A)Increased secretion of corticotropin from the anterior pituitary in response to stress
B)Increased secretion of corticotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus in response to stress
C)Increased secretion of cortisol from the adrenal medulla in response to stress
D)Increased secretion of corticotropin from the anterior pituitary in response to stress and increased secretion of corticotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus in response to stress
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 37

Which of the following statements is correct?

A)Anterior pituitary hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus
B)All hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary glands are peptides
C)IGF-I stimulates growth by increasing growth hormone secretion through positive feedback
D)Both anterior pituitary hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and all hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary glands are peptides are correct
E)Both all hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary glands are peptides and IGF-I stimulates growth by increasing growth hormone secretion through positive feedback are correct

Question 38

Which of the following statements about oxytocin is true?

A)Target cells of oxytocin have receptors for the hormone on their plasma membrane
B)Oxytocin is synthesized in the hypothalamus
C)Oxytocin is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
D)Both target cells of oxytocin have receptors for the hormone on their plasma membrane and oxytocin is synthesized in the hypothalamus are true
E)All of the choices are true

Question 39

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

A)Somatotropin
B)Prolactin
C)Corticotropin
D)Erythropoietin
E)TSH

Question 40

Stimuli for the secretion of growth hormone include

A)Waking from sleep
B)Exercising
C)Increased levels of IGF-I in blood
D)Waking from sleep and exercising
E)Exercising and increased levels of IGF-I in blood

Question 41

Deficiency of iodine in the diet results in a goiter (an enlarged thyroid gland).Which of the following statements offers the best explanation for this phenomenon?

A)The thyroid enlarges so that it can secrete more thyroid hormones to compensate for the lack of iodine
B)Decreased plasma iodine levels are detected by the hypothalamus, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete more thyroid stimulating hormone
C)Without iodine, the thyroid gland cannot produce thyroid hormones.Thyroid hormones normally act as a negative-feedback signal for the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.Loss of this signal results in excessive secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone
D)All of the choices are correct
E)None of the choices are correct

Question 42

Stress

A)Refers to a wide variety of noxious stimuli
B)Invariably results in aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex
C)Usually activates the parasympathetic nervous system
D)Both refers to a wide variety of noxious stimuli and invariably results in aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex are correct
E)Both refers to a wide variety of noxious stimuli and usually activates the parasympathetic nervous system are correct

Question 43

Growth hormone secretion rate is highest

A)In utero
B)During childhood
C)During adolescence
D)During adulthood
E)During senescence

Question 44

Which of the hormones listed below has the most profound direct effect on the decrease of bone mass,increased resorption of bone,in response to lowered plasma calcium levels?

A)Thyroxine
B)Parathyroid hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Cortisol
E)Insulin

Question 45

An absence of thyroid hormones during fetal development leads to

A)Acromegaly
B)Cushing's syndrome
C)Cretinism
D)Graves' disease
E)Addison's disease

Question 46

Which of the following is/are not stimulated by cortisol during stress?

A)Gluconeogenesis
B)Protein catabolism
C)Glucose uptake and oxidation
D)Triglyceride catabolism
E)All of the choices are stimulated by cortisol

Question 47

All of the following effects would be attributed to parathyroid hormone,except

A)Increases the bone degrading activity of osteoclasts
B)Increases the bone building activities of osetoblasts
C)Promotes vitamin D synthesis, leading to increased intestinal absorption of calcium
D)Produces urinary excretion of calcium
E)Decreases reabsorption of phosphate released as bone mineral salts are liberated from bones

Question 48

During stress,cortisol

A)Stimulates protein synthesis
B)Antagonizes the actions of insulin
C)Increases glucose availability to the brain
D)Both stimulates protein synthesis and antagonizes the actions of insulin are correct
E)Both antagonizes the actions of insulin and increases glucose availability to the brain are correct

Question 49

Carlos and Sally each have a routine physical examination that includes measurement of thyroid hormone levels in their plasma $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline & \text { Total Bound } & \\\hline & \text { Plasma TH } & \text { Plasma TH } \\\hline \text { Carlos } & 8 \mu \mathrm { g } / \mathrm { dL } & 7.998 \mu g/ \mathrm { dL } \\\hline \text { Sally } & 12 \mu \mathrm { g } / \mathrm { dL } & 11.998 \mu \mathrm { g } / \mathrm { dL } \\\hline \hline\end{array}$$ Sally has no symptoms of thyroid problems.Therefore,

A)Carlos probably has symptoms of hypothyroidism
B)Carlos probably has symptoms of hyperthyroidism
C)Carlos probably has no symptoms of thyroid problems
D)Sally probably has a goiter

Question 50

During stress,

A)Insulin secretion is stimulated and glucagon secretion is inhibited
B)Hormones that decrease salt and water excretion are secreted
C)Prolactin and growth hormone are co-secreted from the anterior pituitary with ACTH
D)Both insulin secretion is stimulated and glucagon secretion is inhibited and hormones that decrease salt and water excretion are secreted occur
E)Both hormones that decrease salt and water excretion are secreted and prolactin and growth hormone are co-secreted from the anterior pituitary with ACTH occur

Question 51

Which of the following is true regarding pituitary growth hormone?

A)The liver produces a factor that mediates the metabolic actions of GH
B)GH stimulates IGF-I production by the liver and by many other cells
C)GH has diabetogenic activity
D)Both the liver produces a factor that mediates the metabolic actions of GH and GH stimulates IGF-I production by the liver and by many other cells are true
E)Both GH stimulates IGF-I production by the liver and by many other cells and GH has diabetogenic activity are true

Question 52

Which statement best describes the manner in which growth hormone stimulates cell proliferation?

A)It directly stimulates cell division in most tissues
B)It stimulates the release of insulin-like growth factor I from the liver
C)It stimulates metabolism
D)It stimulates the release of eicosanoids from lymphoid tissues
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 53

Which of the following statements regarding activation of the sympathetic nervous system during stress is true?

A)It increases one's ability to respond to situations where physical activity is required
B)It increases blood flow to the skeletal muscles and viscera
C)It inhibits blood clotting
D)Both it increases one's ability to respond to situations where physical activity is required and it increases blood flow to the skeletal muscles and viscera are true
E)Both it increases one's ability to respond to situations where physical activity is required and it inhibits blood clotting are true

Question 54

Bone growth

A)Occurs as a result of osteoblast division
B)Of the long bones requires growth of the epiphyseal cartilage
C)Of the long bones ceases after closure of the epiphyseal growth plate
D)Both occurs as a result of osteoblast division and of the long bones requires growth of the epiphyseal cartilage are correct
E)Both of the long bones requires growth of the epiphyseal cartilage and of the long bones ceases after closure of the epiphyseal growth plate are correct

Question 55

Hypersecretion of growth hormone is most likely to result in

A)Acromegaly
B)Dwarfism
C)Decreased plasma concentration of IGF-I
D)Acromegaly and decreased plasma concentration of IGF-I
E)Dwarfism and decreased plasma concentration of IGF-I

Question 56

Thyroid hormones stimulate metabolism by stimulating

A)Lipid synthesis
B)The Na/K ATPase
C)Action potentials
D)Cell division

Question 57

To synthesize thyroid hormones,iodine is attached to

A)Cholesterol
B)The amino acid tyrosine
C)The amino acid tryptophan
D)Acetyl coenzyme A
E)The amino acid phenylalanine

Question 58

The major hormone responsible for mediating the body's response to stress is

A)Thyroid hormone
B)Growth hormone
C)Testosterone
D)Aldosterone
E)Cortisol

Question 59

An adenoma of the parathyroid gland can produce

A)Hypercalcemia
B)Hypocalcemia
C)Increased kidney reabsorption of calcium
D)Decreased intestinal absorption of calcium
E)Both hypocalcemia and increased kidney reabsorption of calcium

Question 60

A patient appears in a clinic complaining of chronic fatigue and unusual sensitivity to cold.He also has a lump in his neck near his larynx.Blood tests show he has low levels of TH in his plasma.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A)Primary hyperthyroidism
B)Secondary hyperthyroidism
C)Secondary hypothyroidism
D)Insufficient secretion of TRH
E)Insufficient iodine in the patient's diet

Question 61

Amine and peptide hormones circulate in the plasma as free hormones whereas steroid hormones are mostly bound to circulating binding proteins.

Question 62

Stimuli for the secretion of hormones include changes in plasma concentrations of ions,nutrients,and other hormones.

Question 63

Which of the following is not true of pituitary growth hormone?

A)It directly promotes protein anabolism in many cells
B)It causes differentiation of precursor cells that then respond to IGF-I by proliferating
C)Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults leads to acromegaly
D)It is absent or deficient in pituitary dwarfs
E)It is necessary for fetal growth

Question 64

In general,steroid hormones bind to receptors on cell membranes,whereas peptide hormones bind to receptors inside of cells.

Question 65

Binding of lipid-insoluble hormones to their receptors often results in the formation of one or more second messengers that lead to alterations of the cell's activity.

Question 66

The concentration of a hormone in the blood can affect the number of receptors for that hormone on or in a target cell.

Question 67

In general,the metabolism and excretion rates of steroid hormones are higher than those of peptide hormones.

Question 68

A precursor of cortisol is cholesterol.

Question 69

Thyroid hormones are important for growth because they

A)Maintain the responsiveness of various tissues to growth-promoting hormones
B)Promote synthesis of GH by the anterior pituitary gland
C)Increase metabolic rate above normal when their levels are high
D)Both do maintain the responsiveness of various tissues to growth-promoting hormones and promote synthesis of GH by the anterior pituitary gland are correct
E)Do all of the choices

Question 70

A deficiency in dietary iodine can cause

A)Cretinism
B)A slowing of mental functions
C)Low metabolic rate
D)Cretinism and a slowing of mental functions
E)All of these things

Question 71

Receptors for estradiol,T3,and vasopressin are located in the nuclei of target cells.

Question 72

Thyroid hormones exert a permissive effect on the actions of epinephrine.

Question 73

The adrenal cortex secretes androgens.

Question 74

Steroid hormones are stored in the cells that synthesize them until a stimulus is received that provokes their secretion.

Question 75

An endocrine cell that contains an abundance of granular endoplasmic reticulum,a large Golgi apparatus,and secretion granules is likely to secrete a peptide hormone.

Question 76

Estrogen in females and testosterone in males

A)Are responsible for the pubertal growth spurt
B)Are responsible for epiphyseal plate closure
C)Cause increased strength and mass of skeletal muscle
D)Both are responsible for the pubertal growth spurt and are responsible for epiphyseal plate closure are correct
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 77

Ovaries synthesize as much androgen as they do estradiol.

Question 78

Most molecules of thyroxine and thyrotropin in blood are bound to proteins.

Question 79

The mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones is the stimulation or inhibition of specific DNA-dependent protein synthesis.

Question 80

The adrenal cortex is part of the autonomic nervous system.