Deck 7: Evaluation and Rewards Influence Behavior

Question 1

Organizational resources and government regulations are two of the many factors that must be considered when developing and maintaining reward programs.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

If co-workers do not believe that you deserve a promotion,your status is not likely to be enhanced.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In order for the open pay system to be motivational,an employee's effort must be linked to subjective performance.

Answer 3

False
Explanation: Research indicates that a totally open pay system, in which there are no secrets about how much people are being paid, works best in organizations where employee performance can be measured in objective terms, and there is low interdependence among employees.

Question 4

Unless employees can see a connection between performance and merit increases,money will not be a powerful motivator.

Question 5

If a person is to be motivated,he or she must observe models of receiving reinforcement that is reasonable.

Question 6

The positive reinforcement,modeling,and expectancy methods of administering rewards all indicate that employee job performance is a result of the application of common sense.

Question 7

Contamination takes place in the evaluation process when an improper emphasis is given to various job elements.

Question 8

It is difficult to create tasks that lead to a feeling of autonomy in jobs that are highly structured and controlled by management.

Question 9

Hitting a slot machine jackpot in a casino is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement.

Question 10

Effective performance evaluation is a continuous,ongoing process.

Question 11

To improve the impact of a 360-degree feedback program,an organization should use the feedback primarily for individual development.

Question 12

Evaluating employees is a skill that can only be developed by doing it.

Question 13

If managers could develop reward systems that retained the best producers and caused poor performers to leave,the overall effectiveness of an organization would improve.

Question 14

When employees are allowed to participate in a two-way exchange during the evaluation process,they are more satisfied with the feedback communication.

Question 15

In some situations,it is not possible to provide rewards that employees value and prefer.

Question 16

Research on reinforcement schedules has shown that higher rates of response are usually achieved with ratio schedules than with interval schedules.

Question 17

In the context of performance evaluation; contamination can be said to be the reverse of deficiency.

Question 18

Systematic evaluation of performance does good even if the results are not communicated to the employee.

Question 19

Bureau of Labor Statistics show that typically the younger a woman is,the less she makes relative to a man.

Question 20

Feedback should be given only once a year,during a performance appraisal.

Question 21

_______________ is the reverse of evaluation deficiency.It occurs when activities that are not part of the job are included in the evaluation.

A) Contamination
B) Deficiency
C) Distortion
D) Expansion

Question 22

A recent survey suggests that _______________ of Fortune 1000 firms use some form of a multisource feedback review program.

A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 23

_______________ takes place in the evaluation process when an improper emphasis is given to various job elements.

A) Contamination
B) Deficiency
C) Distortion
D) Focus

Question 24

Performance evaluation feedback can be _________________ to the receiver (the evaluated person).

A) instructional and ascendant
B) motivational and inconspicuous
C) instructional and motivational
D) potentate and sovereign

Question 25

Feedback is emitted from ____________.

A) the person
B) the job
C) others
D) All of the above.

Question 26

Feedback can result in ____________________.

A) persistence
B) self-motivation to adjust
C) nonacceptance
D) All of the above

Question 27

Which of the following comments would be the most likely to bring about performance improvement?

A) You're doing great
B) Keep up the good work
C) You're too emotional
D) Please limit your lunch to one hour

Question 28

In which of the following countries would an employee be the least likely to rebut a performance review?

A) United States
B) Saudi Arabia
C) Japan
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 29

_______________ occurs when an evaluation does not focus on all aspects of the job.

A) Contamination
B) Deficiency
C) Distortion
D) Deflection

Question 30

The golden rule of gaining and maintaining the respect of subordinates is to not attack or discuss their _______________.

A) personality
B) attitudes
C) values
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 31

In some companies,bonuses paid to workers under a Scanlon plan can equal or exceed the employee's salary.

Question 32

By law,there has to be no differential in the reward system that discriminates between high and low performers.

Question 33

Developing effective evaluation systems is ____ to organizational success as developing effective reward systems.

A) not as critical
B) just as critical
C) more critical
D) None of the above. The two constructs have not been found to be related.

Question 34

Evaluations with a developmental orientation are more concerned with improving _______________ performance.

A) past
B) current
C) future
D) past and current

Question 35

Employee performance evaluations can be grouped into two broad categories: those with a judgmental orientation and those with a _______________ orientation.

A) training
B) remedial
C) reinforcement
D) developmental

Question 36

Rewards that accrue to all individuals simply by virtue of their employment with the organization are called universal or _______________ rewards.

A) territorial
B) generic
C) impartial
D) across-the-board

Question 37

The basic purpose of __________ is to provide information about work performance.

A) evaluation
B) reward systems
C) human resources
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 38

An individual pay-for-performance reward system does not properly fit an organization that is designed to use teams because it fosters competition.

Question 39

A good employee evaluation will help the employee understand all of the following except:

A) their position responsibilities
B) the degree to which work goals have been accomplished
C) the goals that are associated with the position
D) the best possible career path

Question 40

There is no perfect means for retaining high performers.

Question 41

Who among the following would be the least suited to an open pay system?

A) Librarian
B) Salesperson
C) Recruiter
D) Fruit picker

Question 42

_____________ is defined as presenting an uncomfortable or unwanted consequence for a particular behavioral response.

A) Extinction
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Confrontation
D) Punishment

Question 43

All of the following are intrinsic rewards except:

A) Completion
B) Achievement
C) Autonomy
D) Profit-sharing

Question 44

All of the following are major theoretical approaches to reward administration except:

A) Negative reinforcement
B) Positive reinforcement
C) Modeling and social imitation
D) Expectancy

Question 45

The foreman constantly nags the bricklayers to work faster.When the wall is finished,he stops nagging.This is an example of _______________ reinforcement.

A) positive
B) negative
C) selective
D) singular

Question 46

In a ___________ program,evaluators could include creditors,peers or team members,supervisors,subordinates,and the person.

A) 360-degree
B) global
C) 180-degree
D) elliptical

Question 47

Being paid a piece rate,or earning a commission on units sold,are examples of a _______________ reinforcement schedule.

A) continuous
B) fixed ratio
C) variable ratio
D) fixed interval

Question 48

If contributors to a 360-degree evaluation are concerned about the use of the performance evaluation ratings they are providing,they tend to _______________.

A) inflate the ratings they provide
B) deflate the ratings they provide
C) refuse to provide ratings
D) double-check their ratings

Question 49

The decline and eventual cessation of the response rate is known as __________.

A) extinction
B) elimination
C) erudition
D) exclusion

Question 50

During economic downturns,companies can "reward" their employees by:

A) Not laying them off
B) Allowing them to keep their full salaries
C) Reducing their work hours
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 51

Receiving praise from a supervisor is a(n)____________ reward.

A) intrinsic
B) extrinsic
C) environmental
D) "formal"

Question 52

According to reinforcement theory,________ are behaviors that can be controlled by altering the _______________ that follow them.

A) fungibles; demands
B) fungibles; evaluation
C) operants; reward
D) operants; consequences

Question 53

According to Lawler,satisfaction with a reward is a function of both how much is received and _______________.

A) how often it is received
B) how much the individual feels should be received
C) how much others receive
D) how much the person wanted the reward

Question 54

For the open pay system to be motivational for employees,___________________.

A) an employee's effort must be linked to short-term performance
B) an employee's effort must be linked to long-term performance
C) an employee's effort must be linked to short and long-term performance
D) measures need to be available for most important aspects of a job

Question 55

A person's preferred rewards vary _______________.

A) at different points in a person's career
B) at different ages
C) in different situations
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 56

According to the U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics,organizations spend on average a little more than _____ percent of a firm's compensation costs per employee.

A) 10
B) 22
C) 31
D) 37

Question 57

Which of the following is not one of the main objectives of reward program?

A) To attract qualified people to join the organization
B) To keep employees coming to work
C) To encourage employees to voluntarily leave the organization
D) To motivate employees to achieve high levels of performance

Question 58

Learning experts believe that _______________ is the most important principle of learning.

A) punishment
B) reward
C) reinforcement
D) repetition

Question 59

According to the U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics,organizations spend an average of _______________ per hour worked on benefits for each employee.

A) $2.94
B) $4.29
C) $9.42
D) $10.52

Question 60

Satisfaction is influenced by how happy employees are with _____________.

A) intrinsic but not extrinsic rewards
B) intrinsic and extrinsic rewards
C) extrinsic and global rewards
D) global and Maslovian rewards

Question 61

The U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics defines "part-time" as working fewer than _______________ per week.

A) 40 hours
B) 35 hours
C) 30 hours
D) 20 hours

Question 62

Commitment to an organization involves all of the following attitudes except:

A) A belief in one's ability to do the job assigned
B) A sense of identification with the organization's goals
C) A feeling of involvement in organizational duties
D) A feeling of loyalty to the organization

Question 63

Effective performance evaluation,simply stated,involves asking two questions about employee performance.What are these questions?

Question 64

A typical Scanlon plan measures the _______________ costs required to produce goods or services during a base period.

A) labor
B) raw product
C) management
D) manufacturing

Question 65

In situations where teams are interdependent,a _______________ reward plan would be the least appropriate.

A) plant-based
B) division-based
C) seniority-based
D) area-based

Question 66

The Society for Human Resource Management's 2015 Benefits Survey found that __________ employers report that they offer concierge services.

A) only 3 percent of
B) 31 percent of
C) most
D) typically only Fortune 100

Question 67

The five Rs of work force motivation include all of the following except:

A) Responsibility
B) Respect
C) Relationships
D) Rotation

Question 68

While the relationship between rewards and satisfaction is not perfectly understood,it is generally recognized that reward packages satisfy three criteria.What are these criteria?

Question 69

In conventional pay systems,_______________ determine(s)the pay rate and range.

A) the job
B) acquired skills
C) seniority
D) the pay grade

Question 70

What is the difference between a reward and a positive reinforcer?

Question 71

How might a manager apply "punishment" in the work setting?

Question 72

_______________ is a newer,yet largely untested,reward program.

A) Broadbanding
B) Gain-sharing
C) Employee stock ownership
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 73

_______________ means that the employee perceives that there is a real linkage between his or her performance and the rewards received.

A) True sight
B) True linkage
C) Line of sight
D) Co-dependence

Question 74

Virtually any program that shares _______________ with employees is considered gain sharing.

A) profits
B) cost overruns
C) excess production gains
D) cost reductions

Question 75

If high performance is the goal,and it is almost impossible to achieve that goal due to limited resources,then _______________ is not an appropriate way to administer rewards.

A) positive reinforcement
B) modeling and social imitation
C) expectancy theory
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 76

In administering a _______________ program; the emphasis is on the desired behavior that leads to job performance rather than performance alone.

A) positive reinforcement
B) social imitation
C) patterning
D) modeling

Question 77

What are the three main objectives of reward programs?

Question 78

Rewarding employees differently based on gender is all of the following except:

A) On the increase
B) Unethical
C) Illegal
D) Poor business practice

Question 79

Ferster and Skinner presented four types of intermittent reinforcement schedules.What are they?

Question 80

Which of the following statements about equitable pay treatment is false?

A) The younger a woman is, the less she makes relative to a man
B) Women with a college degree have seen their earnings grow at a faster rate than have men
C) Rewarding employees differently based solely on gender is illegal
D) Pay gaps between men and women exist in virtually every job category