Deck 3: Individual Differences at Work

Question 1

A person's ability is generally stable over time.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A "skill" is a learned talent that a person has acquired in order to perform a task.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Sexual/affectional orientation is not considered a primary dimension of diversity.

Answer 3

False
Explanation: Sexual/affectional orientation is considered a primary dimension of diversity.

Question 4

Individuals are born with certain innate attitudes.

Question 5

Most studies dealing with the performance-satisfaction relationship have found a high association between performance and satisfaction.

Question 6

Managerial attempts to make everyone satisfied will always yield high levels of productivity.

Question 7

Affect,the emotional component of an attitude,is often learned from parents,teachers,and peer group members.

Question 8

Personality is,to some degree,observable and measurable.

Question 9

By midcentury,close to one-quarter of the United States population will be aged 65 or older.

Question 10

People high in openness to experience tend to thrive in occupations where change is continuous and where innovation is critical.

Question 11

Research indicates that extroverted people tend to have higher levels of overall job satisfaction.

Question 12

Diversity is a synonym for equal employment opportunity (EEO).

Question 13

Minorities,which now comprise about forty percent of the U.S.population,will become the majority by 2020.

Question 14

While impacting overall satisfaction,the extent to which co-workers are friendly,competent,and supportive is generally not thought to be an element of job satisfaction.

Question 15

Generation Z is comprised of those born in the 1990s.

Question 16

Attitudes are a relatively stable set of feelings and behaviors that have been significantly formed by genetic and environmental factors.

Question 17

Research has found that a commitment to diversity may lead to financial benefits for business.

Question 18

Daydreaming about being on vacation while on the job is considered a work behavior.

Question 19

Work behavior refers only to activities directly involved in the creation of the work product.

Question 20

Attitudes define one's predispositions toward given aspects of the world.

Question 21

All of the following are primary dimensions of diversity except:

A) Physical attributes
B) Age
C) Marital status
D) Sexual/affectional orientation

Question 22

To understand individual differences,a manager must do all of the following except:

A) Observe the differences
B) Recognize the differences
C) Isolate individuals who respond differently to stimuli
D) Study the relationships between variables that influence individual behavior

Question 23

Tacit Knowledge is work-related,practical know-how that employees acquire through ________________.

A) formal training programs
B) observation and direct experience on the job
C) Demonstrative Training Interaction (DTI)
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 24

Using only the scores on a personality test to make selection choices will often lead to misalignment and poor person-job but is generally effective in determining person-organization fit.

Question 25

A manager is in a better position to make optimal decisions if he or she knows the _______________ of an employee.

A) attitudes
B) perceptions
C) abilities
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 26

Robert J.Sternberg believes that practically intelligent leaders and managers tend to do all of the following except:

A) Capitalize on the weaknesses of others.
B) Realize they are not good at everything.
C) Learn from their positive and negative experiences.
D) Overcome negative expectations set by others.

Question 27

Research shows that women comprise ________ percent of corporate board members in the United States.

A) less than five
B) about 19
C) approximately 30
D) nearly 45

Question 28

A person's __________ is generally stable over time.

A) ability
B) skills
C) ZQ
D) knowledge base

Question 29

When selecting candidates for a particular position,one of the better predictors of job success is _______________.

A) mental ability
B) gender
C) emotional ability
D) reading comprehension

Question 30

Secondary dimensions of diversity _______.

A) are changeable
B) are relatively stable
C) are stable
D) have limited impact

Question 31

Employees who are low in emotional stability tend to be sloppy,inefficient,careless,and even lazy.

Question 32

Agreeableness is the tendency to experience positive emotional states,such as feeling psychologically secure,calm,and relaxed.

Question 33

Which of the following are important factors in helping to differentiate between higher- and lower-performing employees?

A) Mental ability
B) Communications skills
C) Emotional knowledge
D) Mechanical ability

Question 34

In relation to locus of control,people who believe they are performing well because of their effort or skill are called internals.

Question 35

Which of the following statements about Millennials is false?

A) Millennials require less praise than do Gen Xers and Boomers
B) Millennials put their careers first; they want positions that build their resumes
C) The online social networking skills of Millennials can be leveraged for collaborations and virtual team projects
D) Millennials should be assigned a mentor to help them understand the company culture, dress policies, office politics, and so on

Question 36

Relationships among the Big Five dimensions and job performance were developed by studying U.S.employees only.They do not apply across country borders.

Question 37

The ADA requires that organizations make ____________ for disabled individuals.

A) reasonable accommodations
B) performance allowances
C) accommodations of up to $50,000
D) All of the above.

Question 38

All of the following are secondary dimensions of diversity except:

A) Physical health
B) Sexual/affectional orientation
C) Marital status
D) Religious beliefs

Question 39

__________ refers to work-related practical know-how that employees acquire through observation and direct experience.

A) Tacit ability
B) Job ability
C) Tacit knowledge
D) Job knowledge

Question 40

Which of the following cultural characteristics most aptly applies to Mexico?

A) Good impressions are made when foreign nationals are familiar with the nation's customs.
B) Being passive is considered a virtue.
C) Individual rights and needs are subordinate to collective rights and needs.
D) Literacy is almost 100 percent.

Question 41

_______________ refers to the tendency to be sociable,gregarious,assertive,talkative,and active.

A) Emotional stability
B) Extroversion
C) Conscientiousness
D) Openness to experience

Question 42

The cognitive component of an attitude consists of the person's _______________.

A) perceptions
B) opinions
C) beliefs
D) All of the above.

Question 43

Managing emotions in order to perform one's job is called _______________.

A) emotional labor
B) emotional moderation
C) emotional suppression
D) emotional dissidence

Question 44

Those who work hard at the "fit" between themselves and their job are likely to experience:

A) Higher levels of job satisfaction
B) More positive attitudes
C) Better relationships among peers
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 45

____________ is a mental state of anxiety that occurs when there is a conflict among an individual's various cognitions.

A) Imperceptible conflict
B) Conceptual apprehension
C) Cognitive apprehension
D) Cognitive dissonance

Question 46

Which of the following is not a factor within the Big-Five model?

A) Masculinity
B) Extroversion
C) Emotional Stability
D) Conscientiousness

Question 47

Gen ______ is truly the first demographic group that can be called "digital natives."

A) D
B) X
C) Z
D) Facebook

Question 48

Personality appears to be organized into patterns that are ______ observable and measurable.

A) not
B) to some degree
C) to a large extent
D) typically

Question 49

Applying the Big Five personality dimensions,the employee described as "someone who gets along with others" may be considered high on ____________.

A) introversion
B) agreeableness
C) self-esteem
D) conscientiousness

Question 50

People high in _______________ tend to enjoy talking and interacting with co-workers.

A) emotional stability
B) extroversion
C) conscientiousness
D) openness to experience

Question 51

"I've requested a transfer to another department." This statement reflects:

A) Beliefs and values
B) Feelings and emotions
C) Intended behavior
D) Emotional behavior

Question 52

_______________ is the automatic transfer of mood between persons.

A) mood or emotional contagion
B) mood but not emotional contagion
C) emotional osmosis
D) mood transference

Question 53

The cognitive component of an attitude consists of a person's perceptions,opinions,and _______________.

A) education
B) predispositions
C) beliefs
D) personality

Question 54

_________ is the emotional component of an attitude and is often learned from parents,teachers,and peer group members.

A) Perception
B) Affect
C) Effect
D) EQ

Question 55

You can develop your __________ at work by observing how more experienced employees handle challenging situations or tasks.

A) tacit knowledge
B) motivation
C) organizational resources
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 56

The _______________ component of an attitude refers to the tendency of a person to act in a certain way toward someone or something.

A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) emotional
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 57

Research indicates that extroverted people tend to do all of the following except:

A) Have lower levels of overall job satisfaction
B) Perform well in sales jobs
C) Do better in training programs
D) Perform well in managerial jobs

Question 58

The most discussed and publicized _______________ model is called the Big Five.

A) personality
B) genetics
C) diversity
D) leadership

Question 59

Most studies dealing with the performance-satisfaction relationship have found ______ association between performance and satisfaction.

A) a low
B) a moderate
C) a high
D) no

Question 60

The statement "My supervisor is unfair" is an example of a(n)___________.

A) affect
B) cognition
C) dissonance
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 61

_______________ is exhibited by those who are described as dependable,organized,thorough,and responsible.

A) Emotional stability
B) Extroversion
C) Conscientiousness
D) Openness to experience

Question 62

What should managers know about generational diversity?

Question 63

Individuals low on _______________ are often described as rude,cold,uncaring,unsympathetic,and antagonistic.

A) emotional stability
B) extroversion
C) conscientiousness
D) agreeableness

Question 64

Which of the following statements reflects the greatest magnitude?

A) Jim says he can put a basketball through the hoop six times out of ten throws.
B) Sara thinks she is just as good at basketball as she is at baseball.
C) Sara is positive she can put ten basketballs through the hoop in a row.
D) Jim thinks he can put three more basketballs through the hoop than Sara can.

Question 65

In organizational settings,___________ usually do not require as much supervision as do ________ because they are more likely to believe their own work behavior will influence outcomes such as performance,promotions,and pay.

A) internals; externals
B) externals; internals
C) internals; fatalist
D) high I's; low I's

Question 66

The concept of self-efficacy includes all of the following dimensions except:

A) Magnitude
B) Persistence
C) Strength
D) Generality

Question 67

Which of the following outcomes is associated with high extroversion?

A) Job performance across most occupations
B) Fewer counter-productive behaviors
C) Overall job satisfaction and motivation
D) Training proficiency

Question 68

According to an analysis by Gist and Mitchell,self-efficacy is associated with:

A) Work-related performance
B) Career choice
C) Learning and achievement
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 69

The most important factor in the development of positive self-efficacy is:

A) Past experience
B) Managerial feedback
C) Job task repetition
D) Training

Question 70

_______________ is a personality trait that can be encouraged and developed by giving people the opportunity and freedom to think in unconventional ways.

A) Creativity
B) Persistence
C) Self-efficacy
D) Locus of control

Question 71

In relation to locus of control,people who believe they are pawns of fate are referred to as ______________.

A) fatalist
B) externals
C) determinist
D) pawnist

Question 72

Diversity has six primary dimensions.Age is one dimension.Name the other five.

Question 73

What are the six core dimensions of diversity?

Question 74

_____________ refers to a person's ability to be self-aware of feelings,to manage emotions,to motivate oneself,to express empathy,and to handle relationships with others.

A) EI
B) EQ
C) IE
D) EOQ

Question 75

Which of the following outcomes is associated with openness to experience?

A) Overall job satisfaction
B) Fewer counter-productive behaviors
C) Training proficiency
D) Interpersonal skill

Question 76

What are secondary dimensions of diversity?

Question 77

Specific traits of _______________ include curiosity,broad-mindedness,creativity,imagination,and intelligence.

A) emotional stability
B) extraversion
C) conscientiousness
D) openness to experience

Question 78

What is work behavior?

Question 79

Which of the following statements best reflects the greatest strength of magnitude?

A) Jim is moderately certain he can put a basketball through the hoop six times in a row.
B) Sara is betting she can put three more basketballs through the hoop than Jim can.
C) Jim knows he can put six basketballs through the hoop in a row.
D) Sara is positive she can put ten basketballs through the hoop in a row.

Question 80

Self-efficacy tends to be __________ specific.

A) personality
B) time
C) gender
D) task